A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the N-terminus of human RAGE, different from the related mouse and rat sequences by six amino acids.
At -20°C for one year from date of receipt. After reconstitution, at 4°C for one month. It can also be aliquotted and stored frozen at -20°C for six months. Avoid repeated freezing and thawing.Adding 0.2 ml of distilled water will yield a concentration of 500 ?g/ml. Background: The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multi-ligand member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface molecules. It interacts with distinct molecules implicated in homeostasis, development and inflammation, and certain diseases such as diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. RAGE is also a central cell surface receptor for amphoterin and EN-RAGE. And RAGE is associated with sustained NF-kappaB activation in the diabetic microenvironment and has a central role in sensory neuronal dysfunction. Moreover, RAGE propagates cellular dysfunction in several inflammatory disorders and diabetes, and it also functions as an endothelial adhesion receptor promoting leukocyte recruitment. Subcellular Localization: Tissue Specificity:
Mouse anti-High-mobility group protein 1 (HMGP-1) Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC, FC.
Background Info:
High-mobility group proteins were named originally since they are abundand relatively low molecular weight proteins which run quickly on SDS-PAGE gels. High-mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1, Amphoterin) is one of these. The "bx" in the name refers to the so-called high mobility group (HMG) box, a compact domain involved in DNA binding and protein-protein interactions. the HMGB1 molecule has two of these HMG domains. The protein is alslo called amphoterin, this name being derived from the presence of two highly charged regions in the molecule, a relatively neutrally charged N-terminus and a very negatively charged C-terminus. In fact the molecule is very unusually charged throughout, the human sequence consisting of 16.7% Glutamic acid, 9.3% Aspartic acid, 20% lysine and 9.3% Arginine. HMGB1 can bind Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE). TLRs are components of the innate immune system, first recognized as a family of receptors which recognize "Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern molecules (PAMPs). PAMPs are common components of bacteria and when TLRs bind these a strong inflammatory response is activated. More recently it has been recognized that TLRs can also be activated by Damage Associated Molecular Pattern molecules (DAMPs), which are endogenous substances released from damaged and diseased cells which also bind to TLR family receptors and also activate inflammation. HMGB1 is such a DAMP, binding to TLR4, and much evidence suggests that HMGB1 is a strong activator of inflammation. Interestingly, HMGB1 is released by necrotic cells but not by apoptotic cells (1).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Human full length recombinant human HMGB1 protein expressed in and purified from E. coli.
Applications:
FC,ICC,WB
Clone number:
1F3
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2b
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB), Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Flow Cytometry. A dilution of 1:1,000 - 1:2,000 is recommended for WB. A dilution of 1:500 - 1:1,000 is recommended for ICC. For Flow Cytometry, use ~2 ug per 10^6 cells. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
The antibody reacts with a band at ~25 kDa by Western blot on HeLa cell extract. It has also been used successfully for immunocytochemistry showing strong nuclear staining.
Storage:
After reconstitution of lyophilized antibody, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
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