Molecular interactions between wall polysaccharides, which include cellulose and a range of non-cellulosic polysaccharides such as xyloglucans and (1,3;1,4)-?-d-glucans, are fundamental to cell wall properties. These interactions have been assumed to be non-covalent in nature in most cases. A highly purified barley xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase HvXET5 (EC 2.4.1.207), a member of the GH16 group of glycoside hydrolases, catalyses the in vitro formation of covalent linkages between xyloglucans and cellulosic substrates, and between xyloglucans and (1,3;1,4)-?-d-glucans. It is possible that XETs could link different polysaccharides in vivo, and hence influence cell wall strength, flexibility and porosity.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa
Expected Species:
Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
Two synthetic peptides from highly conserved region of Horderum vulgare XTH-Xet
Tsuchiya et al. (2015). Distribution of XTH, expansin, and secondary-wall-related CesA in floral and fruit abscission zones during fruit development in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Front Plant Sci. 2015 May 15;6:323. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00323.Liu et al. (2013). Brittle Culm1, a COBRA-Like Protein, Functions in Cellulose Assembly through Binding Cellulose Microfibrils. PLoS Genet 9(8): e1003704. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003704 (Oryza sativa, western blot)Hrmova et al. (2007) A barley xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase covalently links xyloglucan, cellulosic substrates and (1,3;1,4)-β. J. Biol. Chem. 82: 12951-12962.
The antibody reacts with neuroendocrine cells of human adrenal medulla, carotid body, skin, pituitary, thyroid, lung, pancreas, and gastrointestinal mucosa. This antibody identifies normal neuroendocrine cells and neuroendocrine neoplasms. Diffuse, finely granular, cytoplasmic staining is observed, which probably correlates with the distribution of the antigen within neurosecretory vesicles. The expression of synaptophysin is independent of the presence of NSE or other neuroendocrine markers. Antisynaptophysin is an independent, broad-range marker of neural and neuroendocrine differentiation.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN Ready To Use
Clone:
MRQ-40
Concentration:
n/a
Storage buffer:
Tris Buffer, pH 7.3-7.7, containing 1% BSA and <0.1% Sodium Azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Wiedenmann, B, et al. Cell 1985;41:1017-1028
References 2:
Navone, F et al. J Cell Biol 1986;103:2511-2527
References 3:
Lyda MH et al. Hum Pathol. 2000 Aug;31(8):980-7
References 4:
Skacel M et al. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2000 Sep;8(3):302-9
The antibody reacts with neuroendocrine cells of human adrenal medulla, carotid body, skin, pituitary, thyroid, lung, pancreas, and gastrointestinal mucosa. This antibody identifies normal neuroendocrine cells and neuroendocrine neoplasms. Diffuse, finely granular, cytoplasmic staining is observed, which probably correlates with the distribution of the antigen within neurosecretory vesicles. The expression of synaptophysin is independent of the presence of NSE or other neuroendocrine markers. Antisynaptophysin is an independent, broad-range marker of neural and neuroendocrine differentiation.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
MRQ-40
Concentration:
n/a
Storage buffer:
Tris Buffer, pH 7.3-7.7, containing 1% BSA and <0.1% Sodium Azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Wiedenmann, B, et al. Cell 1985;41:1017-1028
References 2:
Navone, F et al. J Cell Biol 1986;103:2511-2527
References 3:
Lyda MH et al. Hum Pathol. 2000 Aug;31(8):980-7
References 4:
Skacel M et al. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2000 Sep;8(3):302-9
PsaC is a conserved, chloroplast-encoded, Fe-S binding protein of approximately 10kDa, present in all known Photosystem I complexes. It is located on the stromal side of the thylacoid membranes. PsaC coordinates the Fe–S clusters FA and FB through two cysteine-rich domains.This product is a recombinant protein standard, source: Synechocystis PCC 6803.The PsaC protein standard can be used in combination with global anti-PsaC antibodies to quantitate PsaC from a wide range of species. Global antibodies are raised against highly conserved amino acid sequences in the PsaC protein.Quantitative western blot: detailed method description, video tutorial
Product Type:
Antibody
Format:
Lyophilized in glycerol.
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Protein standard buffer composition: Protein standard buffer composition: Glycerol 10%, Tris Base 141 mM, Tris HCl 106 mM, LDS 2%, EDTA 0.51 mM, SERVA Blue G250 0.22 mM, Phenol Red 0.175 mM, pH 8.5, 0.1mg/ml PefaBloc protease inhibitor (Roche), 50mM DTT.
Application Details:
Positive control: a 2 μL load per well is optimal for most chemiluminescent detection systems. Standard curve: 3 loads are recommended (eg. 0.5, 2 and 4μL). For most applications a sample load of 0.2 μg of chlorophyll will give a PsaC signal in this range. Exact loads can vary with the sensitivity of your system and the abundance of the target protein in your samples. Note: Optimal quantitation is achieved using moderate sample loads/well, generally 1 to 5 ug total protein. A trial experiment may be required i) to bring your sample load within the standard curve range and ii) to obtain a signal that is strong enough to reliably quantify but not so strong as to consume ECL reagents too quickly or saturate your detection system. These goals may achieved by adjusting both sample and standard loads.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 95 l of sterile water. Note that due to glycerol in buffer, the lyophilized product appears as a dense liquid rather than a powder. Allow the product several minutes to solubilize after adding water. Mix thoroughly but gently. Avoid vigorous vortexing, as buffer contains detergent. Upon reconstitution, this standard is ready-to-load and does not require any additions or heating. See additional Handling Instructions below. PsaC standard protein concentration: 0.10 pmol/ l.
Molecular Weight:
11,5 kDa (larger than native protein due to the addition of His-tag), In most gels PsaC migrates between 9 and 14 kDa
Selected references:
Pipitone et al. (2021). A multifaceted analysis reveals two distinct phases of chloroplast biogenesis during de-etiolation in Arabidopsis. Elife. 2021 Feb 25;10:e62709. doi: 10.7554/eLife.62709. PMID: 33629953; PMCID: PMC7906606.Rogowski et al. (2021) Light as a substrate: migration of LHCII antennas in extended Michaelis-Menten model for PSI kinetics. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2021 Dec;225:112336. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112336. Epub 2021 Oct 19. PMID: 34736069.Levitan et al. (2019). Structural and functional analyses of photosystem II in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Aug 27;116(35):17316-17322. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1906726116.Li et al. (2016). A Hard Day's Night: Diatoms Continue Recycling Photosystem II in the Dark. Front. Mar. Sci., 08 November 2016 | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00218Vandenhecke et al. (2015). Changes in the Rubisco to photosystem ratio dominates photoacclimation across phytoplankton taxa. Photosynth Res. 2015 Apr 11.
Special application note:
Handling Instructions*IMPORTANT: In our experience, viscous liquids are surprisingly stable; insufficient mixing is the most common reason for unsatisfactory results. Following mixing, briefly pulse in a microcentrifuge to collect material from cap.Standard needs to be fully thawed and thoroughly mixed before each use. Proteins tend to stratify with the more dense layer after freezing. We recommend bringing the product to room temperature and either mixing by inverting or flicking tube 5-10 times. Pipetting up and down may also provide sufficient mixing, provided the tip is moved within the tube while taking up and expelling the liquid.
PsaC is a conserved, chloroplast-encoded, Fe-S binding protein of approximately 10kDa, present in all known Photosystem I complexes. It is located on the stromal side of the thylacoid membranes. PsaC coordinates the Fe–S clusters FA and FB through two cysteine-rich domains.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
In some species minor cross reactions with some larger proteins are seen. These may contain related iron-sulfur binding motifs. Therefore size verification of the reacting band is required. Due to the small size of the protein, care should be taken to differentiate between chemiluminescent signal from PsaC and non-specific signals from chlotophylls or lipids if pigment is retained near the bottom of the blot.For the most optimal results use:thylakoid membranes or PSI particles, solubilized in a SDS sample buffer (final concentrations: 63 mM Tris HCl, 10% glycerol, 2% SDS, 0.0025% bromophenol blue) with 2.5% beta-mercaptoethanol at 85C for 2 minutes. The samples were spun softly, then the supernatant loaded. This product can be sold containing ProClin if requested.
Application Details:
1 : 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
9 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Burlacot et al. (2022) Alternative photosynthesis pathways drive the algal CO2-concentrating mechanism. Nature 605, 366–371 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04662-9Ye et al. (2022) Effect of increased CO2 on iron-light-CO2 co-limitation of growth in a marine diatom, ASLO, Limnol. Oceanogr. 2022, 172-176Rogowski et al. (2021) Light as a substrate: migration of LHCII antennas in extended Michaelis-Menten model for PSI kinetics. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2021 Dec;225:112336. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112336. Epub 2021 Oct 19. PMID: 34736069.Levitan et al. (2019). Structural and functional analyses of photosystem II in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Aug 27;116(35):17316-17322. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1906726116.Zavrel et al. (2019). Quantitative insights into the cyanobacterial cell economy. Elife. 2019 Feb 4;8. pii: e42508. doi: 10.7554/eLife.42508.
Special application note:
Peptide target used to elicit this antibody is well conserved in all photoautotrophs except some cyanobacteria, some red algae and Cyanophora paradoxa, which contain a conserved substitution of a valine to an isoleucine. The performance of the antibodies has been confirmed against taxa containing both the valine and isoleucine variants.Example of a simulataneous western blot detection with RbcL, PsbA and PsaC antibodies. More information about quantitative western blot using PsaC antibody can be found here.
PsaA is a core protein of photosystem I. In plants and cyanobacteria, the primary step in oxygenic photosynthesis, the light induced charge separation, is driven bytwo large membrane intrinsic protein complexes, the photosystems I and II. Synonym: Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Immunogold localization has been done in leaf material of Arabidopsis thaliana.
Application Details:
1 : 20 (IG), 1 : 1000-1 : 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
82 | 55-60 kDa
Not reactive in:
Chromera velia
Selected references:
Ivanov et al. (2022) The decreased PG content of pgp1 inhibits PSI photochemistry and limits reaction center and light-harvesting polypeptide accumulation in response to cold acclimation. Planta 255, 36 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-03819-0Lim et al (2022). Arabidopsis guard cell chloroplasts import cytosolic ATP for starch turnover and stomatal opening. Nat Commun. 2022 Feb 3;13(1):652. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28263-2. PMID: 35115512; PMCID: PMC8814037.Lim et al (2022) Arabidopsis guard cell chloroplasts import cytosolic ATP for starch turnover and stomatal opening. Nat Commun. 2022 Feb 3;13(1):652. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28263-2. PMID: 35115512; PMCID: PMC8814037.Spaniol et al. (2022) Complexome profiling on the Chlamydomonas lpa2 mutant reveals insights into PSII biogenesis and new PSII associated proteins, Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 73, Issue 1, 5 January 2022, Pages 245–262Rogowski et al. (2021) Light as a substrate: migration of LHCII antennas in extended Michaelis-Menten model for PSI kinetics. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2021 Dec;225:112336. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112336. Epub 2021 Oct 19. PMID: 34736069.
Special application note:
PsaA is a hydrophobic protein and we recommend to use PVDF membrane for transfer to assure best results.This product can be sold containing ProClin if requested.
Glicentin contains the glucagon sequence and is produced in a prominent population of endocrine cells in the distal intestine as well as in pancreatic glucagon cells and in the nerves in the brain. Serum levels of glicentin are elevated after food uptake and in certain clinical conditions, e.g. after resections of the intestine. The functional role of glicentin is largely unknown. Glicentin occurs in endocrine tumors arising in the distal intestine (rectal carcinoids) and in pancreatic islet cell tumors. <br>Absorption with 10-100 ug glucagon and glicentin per ml diluted antiserum abolishes the staining, while secretin, GIP and VIP do not. Positive control: formalin-fixed paraffin sections of pig pancreas.
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Concentration:
n/a
Storage buffer:
Lyophilized; reconstitute in 100 µl dist. water
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Sjölund, K. et al. Gastroenterology 1983;85: 112030
Anti-Synaptophysin reacts with neuroendocrine cells of human adrenal medulla, carotid body, skin, pituitary, thyroid, lung, pancreas and gastrointestinal mucosa. Positive staining is seen in neurons of the brain, spinal cord, retina, and Paneths cells in the gastrointestinal tract and gastric parietal cells. This antibody identifies normal neuroendocrine cells and neuroendocrine neoplasms. Diffuse, finely granular cytoplasmic staining is observed, which probably correlates with the distribution of the antigen within neurosecretory vesicles. The expression of synaptophysin is independent of the presence of NSE or other neuroendocrine markers. Anti-Synaptophysin is an independent broadrange marker of neural and neuroendocrine differentiation.
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Concentration:
n/a
Storage buffer:
Tris Buffer, pH 7.3-7.7, containing 1% BSA and <0.1% Sodium Azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Navone F, et al. J Cell Biol. 1986; 103:2511-27
References 2:
Wiedenmann B, et al. Cell. 1985; 41:1017-28
References 3:
Kayser K, et al. Pathol Res Pract. 1988; 183:412-7
Anti-Synaptophysin reacts with neuroendocrine cells of human adrenal medulla, carotid body, skin, pituitary, thyroid, lung, pancreas and gastrointestinal mucosa. Positive staining is seen in neurons of the brain, spinal cord, retina, and Paneths cells in the gastrointestinal tract and gastric parietal cells. This antibody identifies normal neuroendocrine cells and neuroendocrine neoplasms. Diffuse, finely granular cytoplasmic staining is observed, which probably correlates with the distribution of the antigen within neurosecretory vesicles. The expression of synaptophysin is independent of the presence of NSE or other neuroendocrine markers. Anti-Synaptophysin is an independent broadrange marker of neural and neuroendocrine differentiation.
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN Ready To Use
Concentration:
n/a
Storage buffer:
Tris Buffer, pH 7.3-7.7, containing 1% BSA and <0.1% Sodium Azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Navone F, et al. J Cell Biol. 1986; 103:2511-27
References 2:
Wiedenmann B, et al. Cell. 1985; 41:1017-28
References 3:
Kayser K, et al. Pathol Res Pract. 1988; 183:412-7
The Oxytocin antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat hypothalamus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/200 - 1/400 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - FITC and 1/4,000 - 1/8,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Bn/Av-HRP. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of 1 mL of the diluted antibody with 5 µg of Oxytocin. Pretreatment of 1 mL of the diluted antibody with as much as 100 µg of vasopressin does not diminish staining.
Mouse anti Human CD98 antibody, clone 44D7 reacts with the heavy chain of the CD98 molecule. The same epitope as recognized by clone 4F2. This antibody binds to all cell lines in culture and to activated T-cells.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
44D7
Concentration:
IgG 1 mg/ml
Format:
Purified
Storage buffer:
PBS with <0.1% sodium azide
Storage:
aliquots -20°C. Thawed 2-8°C
References 1:
Letarte M et al. Biochem Cell Biol 1986; 64: 1160-9
References 2:
Jaramillo R et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131: 405-11
References 3:
Mansson A et al. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2010; 20: 476-83
References 4:
Millrud CR et al. PLoS One 2012; 7: e51120
References 5:
Garrigues HJ et al. Virology 2014; 464-465:118-133
E-cadherin is a Ca2+-dependent, transmembrane cell adhesion molecule. It plays an important role in the growth, development and the intercellular adhesion of epithelial cells. Most tumors have an abnormal architecture and any subsequent loss of adhesiveness is thought to be an important step in the development of local invasion. E-cadherin may have a role in neoplastic progression, particularly as a suppressor of invasion. In prostate cancers, for example, the expression of E-cadherin is reported to be reduced or absent in comparison with its expression in normal prostate which is uniformly strong. Reduced expression or absence of E-cadherin in addition to alpha, beta and gamma-catenin in primary breast carcinomas has also been reported and these four proteins are associated with the development of metastases.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Monosan Range:
MONXtra
Clone:
36B5
Concentration:
n/a
Storage buffer:
Tissue culture supernatant with Sodium azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Elston MS et al. J.of Clin.Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2009; 94(4):1436-1442.
References 2:
Munhoz NG et al. The Open Pathology Journal. 2009; 3:10-17
References 3:
Chetty R and Serra S. Histopathology 2008; 52: 325330
References 4:
Schott M et al. Endocrinology and Metabolism 2007; 92(9):3378- 3382
References 5:
Dansranjavin T et al. Oncology Reports. 2006; 15:1125-1131
AFT14 reacts with Aflatoxin B1 and B2, a 55 kDA protein secreted by Aspergillus. The aflatoxins are a group of closely related mycotoxins that are widely distributed in nature. The most important of the group is aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which has a range of biological activities, including acute toxicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. In order for AFB1 to exert its effects, it must be converted to its reactive epoxide by the action of the mixed function mono-oxygenase enzyme systems (cytochrome P450- dependent) in the tissues (in particular, the liver) of the affected animal. This epoxide is highly reactive and can form derivatives with several cellular macromolecules, including DNA, RNA, and protein. Cytochrome p450 enzymes may additionally catalyse the hydroxylation (to AFQ1 and AFM1) and demethylation (to AFP1) of the parent AFB1 molecule, resulting in products less toxic than AFB1. Conjugation of AFB1 to glutathione (mediated by glutathione Stransferase) and its subsequent excretion is regarded as an important detoxification pathway in animals. Aflatoxins are well recognized as a cause of liver cancer, but they have additional important toxic effects. Aflatoxin B1 is a potent hepatocarcinogenic and mutagenic mycotoxin of Aspergillus flavus.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a,kappa
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
AFT14/CBL03
Concentration:
100 ug/ml
Storage buffer:
PBS with 0.02% sodium azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
F S Chu and I Ueno, Appl Environ Microbiol 33(5): 11251128 (1977)
References 2:
Groopman, JD. et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 7728-7731 (1984)
Human IL-4 Quick ELISA Kit (90 minutes, 96 Tests). Quantitate Human IL4 in cell culture supernatants, cell lysates, serum and plasma (heparin, EDTA). Sensitivity: 1.5pg/ml.
Product Type:
Assay & Detection
Storage Temp:
Mixed
Immunogen:
Expression system for standard: E.coli; Immunogen sequence: H25-S153
Applications:
ELISA
Additional Info:
The Quick ELISA kits, assay takes less than 1.5 hours. Detect Human IL-4 with <1.5pg/ml sensitivity Compatible samples: cell culture supernatants, cell lysates, serum and plasma (heparin, EDTA). This is a TMB colorimetric sandwich ELISA kit with short assay time and quick experiment set up.
Biosite Brand:
BioSite ELISA
Species Reactivity:
human
Cross Reactivity:
There is no detectable cross-reactivity with other relevant proteins.
Human ANGPTL4/Angiopoietin Like 4/ARP4 Quick ELISA Kit (90 minutes, 96 Tests). Quantitate Human ANGPTL4 in cell culture supernatants, cell lysates, serum and plasma (heparin, EDTA). Sensitivity: 20pg/ml.
Product Type:
Assay & Detection
Storage Temp:
Mixed
Immunogen:
Expression system for standard: NS0; Immunogen sequence: L165-S406
Applications:
ELISA
Additional Info:
The Quick ELISA kits, assay takes less than 1.5 hours. Detect Human ANGPTL4/Angiopoietin Like 4/ARP4 with <20pg/ml sensitivity Compatible samples: cell culture supernatants, cell lysates, serum and plasma (heparin, EDTA). This is a TMB colorimetric sandwich ELISA kit with short assay time and quick experiment set up.
Biosite Brand:
BioSite ELISA
Species Reactivity:
human
Cross Reactivity:
There is no detectable cross-reactivity with other relevant proteins.
EntrezGene ID:
51129
UniProt No:
Q9BY76
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