The Tyrosine Hydroxylase antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat catecholamine neuron systems using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions for these methods are provided below. This antibody does not cross react with dihydropterdine reductase, dopamine-B-hydroxylase, phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase, phenylalanine hydroxylase or tryptophan hydroxylase using Western blot methods.
The 5-HT 2A Receptor Antibody was raised against a multiple antigenic peptide of an N-terminal synthetic sequence corresponding to amino acids 22-41 of rat 5HT2A receptor. The antibody is provided as 100 uL of affinity purified serum in PBS (0.02 M sodium phosphate with 0.15 M sodium chloride, pH 7.5) with 1% BSA (bovine serum albumin), and 0.02% sodium azide. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat cortex, amygdala and hippocampus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/300 - 1/500 in PBS/0.03% Triton X-100 - Bn/Av-HRP Technique. The addition of intensifying reagents such as nickel ammonium sulfate to the chromogen solution will approximately double the dilution factor as recommended. Immunolabeling is completely abolished by preadsorption with synthetic rat 5HT2A receptor (22-41). Immunolabeling of Western blot revealed a single band of approximately 53kD.
The Neuropeptide Y Y1 Receptor was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat cortex, arcuate and hippocampus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/500 - 1/1000 in PBS - Bn/Av-HRP detection.
The antibody was characterized by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Western blot showed one immunoreactive band of 40 kD and a single high molecular weight band, presumably a precursor molecule. Preincubation of the antibody with an excess of the synthetic peptide blocked staining. Immunohistochemical staining of rat brain correlates well with Northern analysis, in situ hybridization and receptor autoradiography. BlastP database sequence homology searches confirmed that this sequence is unique to rat, mouse and human NPY Y1 receptors.
The Mu Opioid Receptor antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat caudate putamen and spinal cord (dorsal horn) using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/500 - 1/1000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Cy3 Technique and 1/6000 - 1/10000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Biotin/avidin-HRP Technique. Preadsorption with MOR peptide (384-398) at 10 µg/ml completely eliminates labeling. The specificity of the antiserum was determined by immunolabeling of transfected cells, Western Blot analysis and immunoisolation studies.
The ImmunoStar 5HT 6-receptor antibody was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates significant labeling of rat cortex, amygdala and hippocampus and other areas using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. The addition of intensifying reagents such as nickel ammonium sulfate to the chromogen solution will approximately double the dilution factor as recommended. Immunolabeling is completely abolished by preadsorption with synthetic rat 5HT6 receptor (CLERPPGTPRHPPGPPLW). Immunolabeling of western blot revealed a single band of approximately 53kD.
Raised against synthetic peptide sequence corresponding to amino acids 17-34 of the rat 5-HT5A receptor coupled to carrier protein with glutaraldehyde.
Product Type:
Antibody - Antibodies
Antibody Type:
polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Clam, Rat
Immunogen:
Rat 5-HT5A receptor (17-34)
Applications:
Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western Blot
The 5-HT 5A Receptor Antibody was raised against synthetic peptide sequence corresponding to amino acids 17-34 of the rat 5-HT5A receptor coupled to carrier protein with glutaraldehyde. The ImmunoStar 5-HT5A Receptor was quality control tested using standard immunohisto-chemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat cortex and hippocampus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/100 - 1/300 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100Â - Cy3 and 1/200Â - 1/400 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100Â - Bn/Av-HRP. Intensification methods such as nickel will approximately double the dilution factor as recommended. The antibody was characterized by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Immunoblots of rat brain extracts revealed the presence of two bands at molecular weights of 41 and 47 kD. The lower weight band agrees with the calculated molecular weight based on amino acid sequence. The higher weight may represent glycosylated receptor protein. Immunohistochemical staining of rat brain correlates well with Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization studies. Immunolabeling is completely abolished by preadsorption with synthetic rat 5-HT5A receptor (17-34). BlastP database sequence homology searches indicate that the amino acid sequence is unique to rat and mouse 5-HT5A receptor.
The C-FOS Antibody was raised to synthetic peptide sequence corresponding to human c-fos (4-17) coupled to bovine thyroglobulin with glutaraldehyde. For induction of c-fos protein activity rats were injected with 1.0 ml of 1.5 M NaCl per 100 grams of body weight. Negative control rats were injected with the same volume of normal saline. The ImmunoStar c-fos antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. No labeling was seen in negative control rats. Recommended primary dilutions for these methods are 1/200-1/400 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - FITC Technique and 1/4000-1/6000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP Technique. Specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated by blockage of staining in experimental rats by omission of c-fos antibody or by substitution of antibody pre-incubated with synthetic peptide or the conjugate. Immunoblot analysis of mediobasal hypothalamus showed a single band of approximately 55-60 kD.
The antibody produces strong labeling of VAChT at dilutions of 1/200 - 1/400 using indirect immunofluorescence and at dilutions of 1/3,000 - 1/5,000 using biotin-streptavidin/HRP technique in rat basal forebrain.
Product Type:
Antibody - Antibodies
Antibody Type:
polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilised
Host Animal:
Goat
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse, Rat
Immunogen:
Rat VAChT 511-530
Applications:
Electron Microscopy; Immunocytochemistry; Immunofluorescence; Immunohistochemistry.
Solute carrier family 18, member 3;solute carrier family 18 (vesicular monoamine) member 3; solute carrier family 18 (vesicular acetylcholine), member 3;rVAT; VACht
Additional Info:
The VAT Antibody produces strong labeling of VAChT at a dilution of 1/3,000 - 1/5,000 using biotin-streptavidin/HRP technique in rat basal forebrain.
Gene Symbol:
Slc18a3,60422
NCBI Gene Aliases:
Solute carrier family 18, member 3; member 3;rVAT; VACht
The 5-HT Transporter was raised to a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 579-599 of rat 5HT transporter coupled to KLH. The ImmunoStar serotonin (5HT) transporter was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat raphe nuclei, hypothalamus, cortex and spinal cord using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions for these methods are 1/800 - 1/1,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Cy3 and 1/10,000 - 1/15,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Biotin/avidin-HRP. By Western blot analysis using rat brain extracts of cortex, hypothalamus, midbrain, and hindbrain, the antibody specifically labels a single band. Immunolabeling is completely abolished by pre-adsorption with synthetic rat 5HT transporter (602-622).
The 5-HT7 Receptor Antibody was raised against synthetic peptide sequence corresponding to amino acids 8-23 of the rat 5-HT7 receptor coupled to carrier protein with glutaraldehyde. The ImmunoStar 5-HT7 receptor antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat cortex and hippocampus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/100 - 1/300 in PBS - biotin/avidin-HRP Technique. Note: use of Triton X-100 or other detergents is not recommended. The antibody was characterized by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical staining of rat brain correlates well with Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization and receptor autoradiography studies. Immunolabeling is completely abolished by preadsorption with synthetic rat 5-HT7 receptor (8-23). BlastP database sequence homology searches indicate that the amino acid sequence is unique to rat 5-HT7A, 5-HT7B and 5-HT7C. There is also significant sequence overlap with the mouse and human forms.
The 5-HT 2C Receptor Antibody was raised against synthetic peptide sequence corresponding to amino acids 439-460 of the rat 5-HT2C receptor coupled to KLH and bovine thyroglobulin. The ImmunoStar 5-HT2C receptor antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat choroid plexus and hippocampus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are /500 - 1/1000 in PBS - Bn/Av-HRP technique. Intensification methods such as nickel will approximately double the dilution factor as recommended. The antibody was characterized by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Western blotting revealed a single band of approximately 70 kD. Preincubation of the antibody with an excess of the synthetic peptide blocked staining. Immunohistochemical staining of rat brain correlates well with Northern analysis, in situ hybridization and receptor autoradiography. BlastP database sequence homology searches confirmed that this sequence is unique to rat, mouse and human 5-HT2C receptors.
The 5-HT 1A Receptor Antibody was raised against synthetic peptide sequence corresponding to amino acids 294-312 of the rat 5-HT1A receptor. The antiserum is provided as 100 µL of affinity purified serum containing 1% BSA. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat cortex, arcuate and hippocampus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/100 - 1/200 in PBS - Bn/Av-HRP detection. Intensification methods such as nickel will approximately double the dilution factor as recommended. The antibody was characterized by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Western blot showed a single band of approximately 45 kD. Preincubation of the antibody with an excess of the synthetic peptide blocked staining. Immunohistochemical staining of rat brain correlates well with Northern analysis, in situ hybridization and receptor autoradiography. BlastP database sequence homology searches confirmed that this sequence is unique to rat, mouse and human 5-HT1A receptors.
Histamine is located in mast cells, endocrine cells of the gut, blood cells and in some cells of the peripheral and central nervous system. Histamine is a potent vasodilator when secreted by mast cells found in various tissues as a result of allergic hypersensitivity or inflammation. In the central nervous system, Histamine is putative neurotransmitter. In the brain, its highest content has been found in the hypothalamus and in certain areas of the mesencephalon. The Histamine antiserum has a sensitivity level capable of detecting the low level Histamine contents of the brain. The Histamine antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat hypothalamus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/500 - 1/1000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 Cy3 Technique and 1/4000-1/6000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 biotin/avidin-HRP Technique . All staining is blocked by preabsorption of the antiserum with Histamine conjugate. Cross reactivity experiments indicate no cross reactivity with L-histidine or L-histidine containing peptides such as LH-RH.
The 5-HT Goat Rabbit Antibody was raised against serotonin coupled to BSA with paraformaldehyde. The ImmunoStar serotonin antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat hypothalamus and spinal cord using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/400 - 1/800 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Cy3 Technique and 1/5000 - 1/10,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Bn/Av-HRP Technique. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with 100 µg of serotonin/BSA conjugate.
The 5-HT Rabbit Antibody was raised against serotonin coupled to BSA with paraformaldehyde. The ImmunoStar serotonin antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat hypothalamus, raphe nuclei and spinal cord using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/1,000-1/2,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Cy3 Technique and 1/20,000-1/40,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP Technique. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with 25 ug of serotonin/BSA. Cross reactivity of Serotonin antisera was examined. With 5µg, 10µg and 25µg amounts the following substances did not react with Serotonin antisera diluted 1/20,000 using the Bn-SA/HRP labeling method: 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-hydroxyindole -3- acetic acid, and dopamine.
The Calbindin D-28K Antibody was raised to Calbindin D-28k purified from bovine cerebellum. The antibody has a proven maximum biotin-streptavidin/HRP staining at a 1/5,000 - 1/10,000 dilution and a 4+ indirect immunofluorescence staining at a 1/500 - 1/1,000 dilution in rat striatum, cortex, and hippocampus. The antiserum has been characterized as specific to calbindin D-28k; please see reference listed below. Optimal dilution will vary depending upon fixation, labeling technique and/or detection system; therefore, a dilution series is recommended.
The ImmunoStar VIAAT antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods in rat brain and spinal cord using biotin/avidin-HRP techniques.Specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated by soluble pre-adsorption and Western blot. Tissue staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with an excess of rat VIAAT peptide residues 511-525. Western blot analysis of immunoprecipitated rat brain homogenates demonstrates a dense immunoreactive band of approximately 57 kD and a minor band of approximately 36 kD.
The antibody has a proven strong indirect immunofluorescence at 1/400 - 1/800 and 4+ biotin-streptavidin/HRP staining at a 1/2000 - 1/4000 dilution in rat brainstem, cerebellum and adrenal medulla. Using Western blot of purified DBH the antiserum detects a triplet at approximately 72-74 kD.
The FMRF-Amide antiserum was quality control tested using standard histochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat hypothalamus and spinal cord using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/400 - 1/800 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 -Cy3 Technique and 1/1,000 - 1/2,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP Technique. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with 100 µg/mL of FMRF-Amide.
The ImmunoStar N-terminal neuronal nitric oxide synthase antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat hypothalamus, striatum, cortex and spinal cord using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/1,000 - 1/2,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP. By Western blot analysis of brain homogenates the antibody specifically labels a band of approximately 155 kD. Immunolabeling is completely abolished by pre-adsorption with synthetic human nNOS (134-148) at 5 µg per mL of diluted antibody. No cross reactivity with other forms of NOS was observed.
The antibody has a proven strong fluorescent staining at a 1/200-1/400 dilution and a strong Biotin-Streptavidin/HRP staining at a 1/4000-1/6000 dilution in rat amygdala, cortex, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. The specificity of the antiserum was examined by soluble pre-adsorption with the peptides in question at a final concentration of 10-5 M. VIP immunolabeling was completely abolished by pre-adsorption with VIP. Pre-adsorption with the following peptides resulted in no reduction of immunostaining: Secretin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, somatostatin, glucagon, insulin, ACTH, gastrin 34, FMRF-amide, rat GHRF, human GHRF, peptide histidine isoleucine 27, rat pancreatic polypeptide, motilin, peptide YY, substance P, neuropeptide Y, and CGRP. The histochemical antibody for VIP is generated in a rabbit against porcine VIP conjugated to bovine thyroglobulin with carbodiimide. The antibody is provided as 100 µL of lyophilized whole serum, and 0.09% sodium azide.
The ImmunoStar gamma amino butyric acid antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat thalamus and cerebellum using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/15,000- 1/20,000 in PBS /0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP technique. The specificity of the antiserum for GABA was evaluated using a competitive inhibition ELISA. While conjugates of GABA completely eliminate labeling, a 1000 fold excess of the following conjugates could not inhibit the antiserums ability to bind GABA conjugate: glutamate, aspartate, beta alanine, tyrosine, taurine, glycine and alanine.
The neuronal nitric oxide synthase C-terminal antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat hypothalamus, striatum, cortex and spinal cord using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/1,000 - 1/1,500 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Cy3 Technique and 1/8,000 - 1/12,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Bn/Av-HRP Technique. By Western blot analysis of brain homogenates the antibody specifically labels a band of approximately 155 kD. Immuno-labeling is completely abolished by pre-adsorption with synthetic human nNOS (1419-1433) at 5 µg per mL of diluted antibody. No cross reactivity with other forms of NOS were observed. The nNOS antiserum has been used successfully in human, rat, mouse, guinea pig, cat, and monkey tissue. Detection of nNOS from other species will depend upon sequence homology.
The antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat thalamus, cortex, and hippocampus. The antiserum has been characterized as specific to parvalbumin; please see reference listed below. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/400 - 1/800 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Cy3 Technique and 1/5,000 - 1/8,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP Technique.
The histochemical antibody for Vesicular Monoamine Trnasporter 2 (VMAT2) is generated in a rabbit from a synthetic peptide corresponding to rat VMAT2 496-515 coupled to carrier protein. The antiserum is provided as l00 µL of lyophilized whole serum.
Product Type:
Antibody - Antibodies
Antibody Type:
polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilised
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Rat
Expected Species:
100% sequence homology with rat, 85% with mouse and 93% with human
Immunogen:
Synthetic peptide corresponding to rat VMAT2 496-515 coupled to carrier protein.
Applications:
Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry, Western Blot
The VMAT2 antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods in rat brain and adrenal medulla using biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated by soluble pre-adsorption and Western blot. Tissue staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with an excess of rat VMAT2 peptide residues 496-515. Western blot analysis of immunoprecipitated rat brain homogenates demonstrates a dense immunoreactive band of approximately 55 kD and a minor band of approximately 75 kD.
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