MAP1A and MAP1B are microtubule-associated protein which mediate the physical interactions between microtubules and components of the cytoskeleton (probably involved in autophagosome formation). MAP1A and MAP1B each consist of a heavy chain subunit and 3 different light chain subunits (LC1, LC2 and LC3). MAP1LC3A is one of the light chain subunits and can associate with either MAP1A or MAP1B. The precursor form of MAP1LC3A is cleaved by APG4/ATG4B to form the cytosolic form LC3-1. This is activated by APG7L/ATG7, transferred to ATG3 and conjugated to phospholipid to form the membrane-bound form, LC3-II. MAP1LC3A is most abundant in heart, brain, liver, skeletal muscle and testis but is absent in thymus and peripheral leukocytes.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS, pH 7.4, containing 3% trehalose without preservatives.
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse (Predicted),Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (C-RSFADRCKEVQQI) corresponding to amino acids 11-23 of human MAP1LC3 A protein was conjugated to a carrier protein and the complex used as the immunogen. This human sequence is homologous with mouse and rat MAP1LC3 A.
Applications:
FC,ICC,WB
Clone number:
BS405
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a, kappa
Application Details:
Flow Cytometry (20 µg/mL), Western blot (10 µg/mL), Immunocytochemistry (1-2 µg/mL). Other applications have not yet been tested. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions and concentrations should be determined by the end user.
WB confirmed binding of the antibody to a broad protein band with a Molecular Weight of ~14 kDa. Rat. The antibody is expected to react with mouse MAP1LC3A protein due to 100% sequence homology.
Storage:
After reconstitution divide into aliquots and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Antibody contains no preservatives. Store at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Use sterile methods. Highest purity Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability when stored at refrigerated or freezing temperatures. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
The amyloid beta peptide is derived from the cleavage of the Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and varies in length from 39 to 43 amino acids. However, the form(s) of amyloid-beta peptide (A? associated with the pathology characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. In particular, the neurotoxicity of intraneuronal A? accumulation is an area of considerable research and controversy principally because antibodies thought to be specific for A? have been shown to actually detect intraneuronal APP and not A? exclusively.<br /><br />MOAB-2 (mouse IgG2b) is a pan-specific, high-titer antibody to A? residues 1-4 as demonstrated by biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses (IHC), and is highly specific just to amyloid beta peptide. <strong>MOAB-2 did not detect APP or APP-CTFs</strong> in cell culture media/lysates (HEK-APPSwe or HEK APPSwe/BACE1) or in brain homogenates from transgenic mice expressing 5 familial AD (FAD) mutation (5xFAD mice). <br /><br />Using IHC on 5xFAD brain tissue, MOAB-2 immunoreactivity co-localized with C-terminal antibodies specific for A?40 and A?42. MOAB-2 did not co-localize with either N- or C-terminal antibodies to APP. In addition, no MOAB-2-immunreactivity was observed in the brains of 5xFAD/BACE-/- mice, although significant amounts of APP were detected by N- and C-terminal antibodies to APP, as well as by 6E10. In both 5xFAD and 3xTg mouse brain tissue, MOAB-2 co-localized with cathepsin-D, a marker for acidic organelles, further evidence for intraneuronal A?, distinct from A? associated with the cell membrane. MOAB-2 demonstrated strong intraneuronal and extra-cellular immunoreactivity in 5xFAD and 3xTg mouse brain tissues.<br /><br />Biosensis now offers <strong>biotinylated MOAB-2</strong> <strong>antibody</strong> allowing more flexibility in experimental design by using the biotin-avidin/streptavidin detection method. Biotinylated MOAB-2 antibody may also help to reduce background staining in difficult-to-stain tissues and increase detection sensitivity. The ability of biotinylated MOAB-2 antibody to detect amyloid beta has been validated by IHC.<br /><br />Purified, non-biotinylated MOAB-2 antibody is available <a href="https://www.biosensis.com/moab-mouse-monoclonal-antibody-amyloid-beta-peptide-beta-4042-purified-p-1181.htmL">here</a>.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer, pH 7.4; contains no preservative.
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant human amyloid beta protein 42 (A?42): DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIA
Applications:
ELISA,ICC,IHC-Frozen,IHC-Paraffin-embedded,IP,WB
Clone number:
MOAB-2
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2b, lambda
Application Details:
The biotinylated MOAB-2 antibody has been tested by IHC (1:500 - 1:2,000 dilution) and is also expected to work in applications validated for the unlabelled antibody (M-1586-100) at same or higher dilutions: Western Blotting (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunohistochemistry/paraffin embedded IHC(P), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Immunofluorescence (IF), ELISA.<br><br><i>Western Blotting:</i><br><br>MOAB-2 has been tested in WB using purified synthetic beta-amyloid preparations and from transgenic mouse brain formic acid extracts (see Figure 1). Formic acid extraction/concentration is required for western blot detection from extracts. Suggested dilution of 1:2000-1:5,000 for WB, standard ECL detection systems. <br><br>Tissue samples for the detection of beta-amyloid should be prepared as detailed in Youmans KL et al., 2011 (Journal of Neuroscience Methods 196: 51-59) for best results. Detection of beta-amyloid 40/42 in direct westerns can be difficult; Dot-blots of prepared samples are recommended as detailed in Youmans KL et al., 2012. <br><br><i>Immunohistochemistry:</i><br><br>Suggested dilution for biotinylated MOAB-2 in IHC is 1:500-1:2,000. Fresh frozen, 4% paraformaldehyde fixed frozen, or formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues are all suitable. Antigen retrieval is required in fixed tissues for optimal staining.<br><br>Antibody was tested on 4% paraformaldehyde/0.1% glutaraldehyde fixed frozen tissue from 3xTg and 5xFAD mice. MOAB-2 antibody detects intraneuronal and extracellular beta-amyloid in IHC and does not detect APP (Youmans KL et al., 2012).<br><br>The antibody also reacts with archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples with antigen Heat Induced Epitope Retrieval (HIER). Recommended buffer for HIER is citrate, pH 6.0. Signal was weak without antigen retrieval. Immunoreactivity was observed in intraneural-amyloid deposition (plaque) in Alzheimer's brain. MOAB-2 was found to be extremely clean and with an excellent signal to noise ratio with no neuro-cellular diffusive staining.<br><br>In addition, MOAB-2 demonstrated no significant differences in A-beta detection using paraffin fixed, free-floating sections (Youmans KL et al., 2012). Formic acid (FA) treatment resulted in optimal detection of both intraneuronal and extracellular A-beta compared to without FA (incubated in 88% FA 8 min, Youmans KL et al., 2012). Free floating tissue sections were permeabilized in TBS containing 0.25% Triton X-100 (TBSX; 3 x 10 min), blocked with 3% horse serum in TBSX (3 x 10 min) followed by 1% horse serum in TBSX (2 x10 min) and incubated with appropriate primary antibodies diluted in TBSX containing 1% horse serum overnight. See Youmans KL et al., 2012, for full IHC(P) protocol and method details.<br><br><i>Immunofluorescence:</i><br><br>For IF, suggested dilution is 1:100-1:500. The antibody was tested on 4% PFA fixed frozen tissue. Fixed tissues were washed in TBS (3 x 10 min), then incubated in 88% FA (8 min), and then permeabilized in TBSX (3 x 10 min), and blocked in TBSX containing 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA; 1 hr). Sections were subsequently incubated with appropriate primary antibodies diluted in TBSX containing 2% BSA overnight on an oscillatory rotator. Detection was via fluorescently labelled absorbed secondary antibodies (Youmans KL et al., 2012).<br><br><i>Immunoprecipitation:</i><br><br>For IP, the suggested dilution is 1:200 to 1:1,000 for labelled beta-amyloid using SA-coated beads as the capture vehicle, similar to the protocols employed by Youmans KL et al., 2012.<br><br><i>ELISA:</i><br><br>In an ELISA, a dilution of 1:50-1:1,000 is suggested. The antibody has been tested in ELISAs on synthetic beta-amyloid and tissue homogenates from beta-amyloid-Tg mice. <br><br>Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user for all applications. Dilutions provided are only meant to serve as a basic guide.
Kim, S. et al. (2020) Performance Validation of a Planar Hall Resistance Biosensor through Beta-Amyloid Biomarker. Sensors (Basel). 20(2) Application: In-vitro biosensor. Ruan, CS. et al. (2017) Sortilin inhibits amyloid pathology by regulating non-specific degradation of APP. Exp Neurol. [Epub ahead of print] Application: IHC References for non-biotinylated MOAB-2 antibody (M-1586-100): Zhu, B. et al. (2017) ER-associated degradation regulates Alzheimer's amyloid pathology and memory function by modulating _-secretase activity. Nat Commun. 8(1):1472. Application: IHC Huang, TY. et al. (2017) SORLA attenuates EphA4 signaling and amyloid _-induced neurodegeneration. J Exp Med. pii: jem.20171413. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IHC Felecia, M. et al. (2017) Peripheral Inflammation, Apolipoprotein E4, and Amyloid-_ Interact to Induce Cognitive and Cerebrovascular Dysfunction. ASN Neuro. 9(4):1759091417719201. Application: IHC/IF Thomas, R. et al. (2016) Epidermal growth factor prevents APOE4 and amyloid-beta-induced cognitive and cerebrovascular deficits in female mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 4(1):111 Application: IHC Koster, KP. et al. (2016) Epidermal growth factor prevents oligomeric amyloid-_ induced angiogenesis deficits in vitro. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. [Epub ahead of print] Application: IF Loffler, T. et al. (2016) Decreased Plasma A? in Hyperlipidemic APPSL Transgenic Mice Is Associated with BBB Dysfunction. Front. Neurosci. Application: IF Kobro-Flatmoen, A. et al. (2016) Reelin-immunoreactive neurons in entorhinal cortex layer II selectively express intracellular amyloid in early Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Disease. 93:172-183. Application: IHC Tai, LM. et al. (2016) The role of APOE in cerebrovascular dysfunction. Acta Neuropathol. 131(5):709-23. Application: IF Kim, YH. et al. (2015) A 3D human neural cell culture system for modeling Alzheimer's disease. Nat Prot. 10(7):985-1006. Application: WB Condello, C. et al. (2015) Microglia constitute a barrier that prevents neurotoxic protofibrillar A?42 hotspots around plaques. Nat Commun. 6:6176. Application: IF Iulita MF et al (2014) Intracellular Abeta pathology and early cognitive impairments in a transgenic rat model overexpressing human amyloid precursor protein: a multidimensional study. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 6:61. Application: IF, IH Smith BR et al (2014) Neuronal inclusions of alpha-synuclein contribute to the pathogenesis of Krabbe disease. J Pathol. Apr;235(5):509-21. Application: IF
Specificity:
MOAB-2 detects preparations enriched in U-, O-, F-A?42, and U-A?40 by dot-blot, and is thus a pan-specific A? antibody. However, MOAB-2 is selective for the more neurotoxic A?42 compared to A?40. Indeed, MOAB-2 demonstrated a titration against antigen concentration, and detects A?40 at 2.5 pmol, but U-, O- and F-A?b42 at antigen concentrations as low as ~ 0.1 pmol (Youmans. KL et al., 2012; PMID: 22423893). MOAB-2 does not detect APP (Amyloid Precursor Protein). Human, rat, other species not yet tested. By Dot Blot, MOAB-2 detected rat A?40 and human A?40, albeit with less affinity than for A?42 (Youmans KL et al., 2012).
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C to -70°C for a higher stability. At 2-8°C keep up to one week; use sterile methods and pipettes. Highly purified glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Keep tightly closed when not in use and protected from light.
Purification:
Antibody was purified from cell culture supernatant by Protein G chromatography, biotinylated and buffer-exchanged into PBS, pH 7.4 buffer
MC192-saporin is an antibody conjugate comprising of the monoclonal antibody MC192 against rat p75 NTR , the nerve growth factor receptor, chemically conjugated via a reducible disulfide bridge to the ribosome-inactivating protein saporin, purified from saponaria officinalis . Unconjugated saporin is incapable of entering the cells due to the apparent lack of ligand. Upon specific binding via MC192 to the cells expressing p75 NTR , saporin transverses the cell membrane leading to lesion of neurochemically defined neuronal populations. The targets of MC192-Saporin are p75 NTR -expressing cells including cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain, cerebellar Purkinje cells, medial septum, diagonal band of Broca, Nucleus basalis of Meynert and some tumour cells. MC192-saporin has been used in the study of learning and memory and its primary application is in vivo , MC192-saporin is specific for applications in rat. The antibody does not cross-react with human or mouse p75 NTR receptors.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from a 1 mg/mL solution containing PBS pH 7.2-7.6 without preservative.
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Rat
Immunogen:
Rat NGF receptor (p75NTR)
Applications:
In-vivo
Clone number:
MC192
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1. To specifically target and eliminate rat cells expressing p75NTR <i>in vivo</i>. MC192-saporin has been used to selectively lesion cholinergic neurons of basal forebrain to create an animal model to study Alzheimer's disease. <br> 2. To be used as a model for gene delivery into neurons.<br><br>Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Active. Ablates p75-positive cells in rat in vivo. Routinely tested for dose-dependent killing of rat C6 cells in vitro. Note that the primary use of MC192-saporin is for in vivo applications in rat. Effective MC192-saporin concentrations must be determined for every new batch.
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Saporin
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
MC192 antibody is specific only for rat NGFR, no reactivity to human or mouse NGFR has been reported This monoclonal antibody does not cross react with p75NTR-expressing cells in other species than rat.
Storage:
Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient room temperature. Upon receipt, pulse-centrifuge the vial to collect solid that may be entrapped in the lid. After reconstitution, immediately prepare aliquots and keep the undiluted stock at -80°C for long-term storage. Avoid repeated thaw-freezing. For short-term storage, keep at 2-8°C for up to 2 weeks. it is recommended to handle this product under sterile conditions.
Purification:
Conjugate was purified by ion-exchange chromatography. Purity > 90% by non-reducing SDS-PAGE
Mouse anti-Ki-67 Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC.
Background Info:
Required to maintain individual mitotic chromosomes dispersed in the cytoplasm following nuclear envelope disassembly (PubMed:27362226). Associates with the surface of the mitotic chromosome, the perichromosomal layer, and covers a substantial fraction of the chromosome surface (PubMed:27362226). Prevents chromosomes from collapsing into a single chromatin mass by forming a steric and electrostatic charge barrier: the protein has a high net electrical charge and acts as a surfactant, dispersing chromosomes and enabling independent chromosome motility (PubMed:27362226). Binds DNA, with a preference for supercoiled DNA and AT-rich DNA (PubMed:10878551). Does not contribute to the internal structure of mitotic chromosomes (By similarity). May play a role in chromatin organization (PubMed:24867636). It is however unclear whether it plays a direct role in chromatin organization or whether it is an indirect consequence of its function in maintaining mitotic chromosomes dispersed (Probable). Ref: uniprot.org
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant human Ki-67 protein (amino acids 1,111-1,490) expressed in and purified from <i>E. coli.</i>
Applications:
ICC,WB
Clone number:
6B4
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
Western blotting (1:1,000-1:5,000) and Immunocytochemistry (1:2,000-1:5,000). Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
KI-67
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Human,reacts with Human only. Does not react with Mouse or Rat.
Storage:
Store lyophilized antibody at 2-8°C. After reconstitution divide into aliquots and store at -20°C for long-term storage. Store at 2-8°C short-term (up to 4 weeks) with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Mouse anti-Rhodopsin Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Photoreceptor required for image-forming vision at low light intensity. Required for photoreceptor cell viability after birth (By similarity). Light-induced isomerization of 11-cis to all-trans retinal triggers a conformational change that activates signaling via G-proteins (PubMed:10926528, PubMed:12044163, PubMed:11972040, PubMed:16908857, PubMed:16586416, PubMed:17060607, PubMed:17449675, PubMed:18818650, PubMed:21389983, PubMed:22198838, PubMed:23579341, PubMed:25205354, PubMed:27458239). Subsequent receptor phosphorylation mediates displacement of the bound G-protein alpha subunit by the arrestin SAG and terminates signaling (PubMed:1396673, PubMed:15111114). Ref: uniprot.org
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Bovine,Human,Mouse,Pig,Rat
Immunogen:
Purified bovine rhodopsin
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Clone number:
B630
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
Western blotting (1:5,000) and Immunohistochemistry (1:1,000). Due to the highly hydrophobic nature of rhodopsin, avoid boiling samples in SDS-PAGE sample buffer for rhodopsin analysis by Western Blotting, as this will result in extensive aggregation of the rhodopsin protein and appearance of high molecular weight bands. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Bovine,reacts with Human, Rat, Mouse, Cow, Pig. Expected to react with other mammalian species.
Storage:
Store lyophilized antibody at 2-8°C. After reconstitution divide into aliquots and store at -20°C for long-term storage. Store at 2-8°C short-term (up to 4 weeks) with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
152-1D5 reacts with human CD84 (Mw 74 kDa). CD84 is expressed on mature B-cells and on Bcell lines but not on plasma cell lines. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that it strongly stains tissue macrophages. It is also expressed on platelets and at low levels on blood T-cells. It is a highly N-glycosylated protein and belongs to immunoglobulin superfamily. It may play a role in leukocyte activation but cellular expression does not significantly increase after activation. 152- 1D5 was clustered at the Vth WLDA.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
152-1D5
Concentration:
100 ug/ml
Storage buffer:
PBS with 0.02% sodium azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Schlossman SF et al. (eds) Leukocyte Typing V. p.699-700, (1995)
References 2:
De la Fuente, M, et al, Blood 90(6): 2398-2405 (1997)
The monoclonal antibody recognizes rat CD8 antigen (MW 34 kDa and 39 kDa) and is reactive with all common inbred strains. 15-11C5 is derived from hybridization of mouse SP2/0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from Balb/c mice immunized with WAG/Rij spleen cells.
100-1A5 reacts with CD1b, a 44KDa type 1 glycoprotein associated with beta2-microglobulin. It is expressed on dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, thymocytes and T acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. CD1, type 1 membrane protein, has structural similarity to the MHC class 1 molecule and has been shown to present lipid antigens for recognition by T lymphocytes. CD1b is also expressed in Langerhans interdigitating cells. 100-1A5 also reacts with pyramidal cells in the brain and was typed at the IVth International CD Workshop.
Antibody Isotype:
IgM
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
100-1A5
Concentration:
100 ug/ml
Storage buffer:
PBS with 0.02% sodium azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Knapp et. al., W (1989). Leucocyte typing IV. Oxford University Press
BM-5 is specific marker for human myeloid cells and an early marker of myeloid differentiation. It recognizes a nuclear and cytoplasmic antigen present in granulocytes, monocytes, and myeloid precursor cells. It also reacts with a subset of myeloid leukemia cells. BM-5 has no reactivity with any other cell type in human tissues.
The monoclonal antibody 5G5 reacts with the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9, CD289). TLRs are highly conserved throughout evolution and have been implicated in the innate defence to many pathogens. In Drosophila, toll is required for the anti-fungal response, while the related 18-wheeler is involved in antibacterial defences. In mammals, TLRs identified as type I transmembrane signalling receptors with pattern recognition capabilities, have been implicated in the innate host defence to pathogens. As investigated so far all functional characterized TLR signal via the TLR/IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) pathway where recruitment of MyD88 seems to be essential. In contrast to cell-wall components, bacterial DNA is probably invisible for immune cells until DNA is liberated during processes taking place in the endosomal/lysosomal compartment where intracellular TLR9 recruits MyD88 to initiate signal transduction. Unmethylated CpG-dinucleotide-containing sequences are found much more frequently in bacterial genomes than in vertebrates genomes, whereas the frequency of CpG dinucleotides are suppressed and usually methylated. The regions adjacent to the CpG dinucleotides also affect the immunostimulatory activity. The optimal sequence differs significantly between mammalian species. Methylated CpG dinucleotides lack immunostimulatory activities. Cellular activation in response to bacterial DNA and synthetic dinucleotides containing unmethylated CpG-dinucleotides is mediated by TLR9. The monoclonal antibody 5G5 reacts with RAW macrophages and TLR9 transfected HEK293 cells, and it is cross reactive with canine TLR9.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
5G5
Concentration:
100 ug/ ml
Storage buffer:
PBS with 0.1% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Ahmad-Nejad; P et al. Eur J Immunol 2002; 32: 1958
The monoclonal antibody 5G5 recognizes human Toll-like receptor 9. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. TLRs constitute of a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that mediate cellular responses to a large variety of pathogens (viruses, bacteria, and parasites) by specific recognition of so-called âpathogen-associated molecular patternsâ. Activation of TLRs, a family of at least 11 differentmembers that function either as homo- or heterodimers, leads to activation of NFκB-dependent and IFNregulatory factor-dependent signaling pathways. TLRs have a central role in innate immunity and are also required for the development of an adaptive immune response. TLRs are expressed by various cells of the immune system, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. They recognize and respond to molecules derived from bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens.<br /> Whereas most TLRs are expressed on the cell surface, TLR9 is expressed intracellularly within one or more endosomal compartments and recognizes nucleic acids. TLR9 detects a rather subtle difference in the DNA of vertebrates compared with that of pathogens. Vertebrate genomic DNAs have mostly methylated CpG dinucleotides where bacterial and viral DNAs have unmethylated CpG dinucleotides. TLR9 undergoes relocation from endoplasmic reticulum to CpG-ODN-containing endosomes. In these endosomes TLR9 becomes a functional receptor after proteolytic cleavage. TLR9 exists as a preformed homodimer and CpG-ODN binding promotes its conformational change, bringing the cytoplasmic TIR-like domains close to each other. This allows a recruitment of the key adapter protein MyD88 which initiates a signalling cascade. The only human immune cell types known to constitutively express TLR9 and to be activated by CpG ODN are pDCs and B cells. TLR9 triggering induces an activation phenotype in the B cells and pDCs, characterized by the expression of costimulatory molecules, resistance to apoptosis, and induces Th1-type immune response profiles.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
5G5
Concentration:
100 ug/ ml
Storage buffer:
PBS with 0.1% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Ahmad-Nejad; P et al. Eur J Immunol 2002; 32: 1958
CD42b (GPIb alpha) composes together with GPIb beta, GPIX and GPV the GPIb-IX-V receptor complex critical in the process of platelet-rich thrombus formation by tethering the platelet to a thrombogenic surface. CD42b binds to von Willebrand factor (VWF) exposed at a site of vascular injury, as well as to thrombin, coagulation factors XI and XII, high molecular weight kininogen, TSP-1, integrin Mac-1 and P-selectin. The extracellular domain of CD42b by its interactions also contributes to metastasis. Specificity: The mouse monoclonal antibody A59 recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD89, a 55-100 kDa glycoprotein serving as a receptor for IgA and expressed mainly on granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages. Application details: Flow cytometry: Recommended dilution: 1-4 ?g/ml.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
AK2
Concentration:
1 mg/ml
Format:
Purified by protein-A affinity chromatography.
Storage buffer:
Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 15 mM sodium azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Vettore S et al. Haematologica 2008, 93(11): 1743-7
References 2:
Welsh JD et al. J Thromb Haemost 2012, 10(11):2344-53
CD89 (Fc-alpha-R) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein serving as a receptor for IgA. Soluble CD89 is detectable in serum and retains its IgA binding capacity. For signal transduction the association with FcR gamma chain homodimers is needed. CD89 is expressed on granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and myeloid cell lines. Its expression is upregulated in presence of IgA immune complexes, stimulators (such as LPS, PMA), TNF alpha, IL1 beta or GM-CSF, and it is downregulated in presence of TGF beta and suramin. Binding of IgA-opsonized targets to CD89 leads to phagocytic and cytotoxic processes of the immunologic defense.SpecificityThe mouse monoclonal antibody A59 recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD89, a 55-100 kDa glycoprotein serving as a receptor for IgA and expressed mainly on granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages.Application detailsFlow cytometry: Recommended dilution: 1-4 ?g/ml.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1 kappa
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
A59
Concentration:
1 mg/ml
Format:
Purified by protein-A affinity chromatography.
Storage buffer:
Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 15 mM sodium azide
The monoclonal antibody M.Ab.F11 recognizes junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) also known as the human platelet F11-Receptor (F11R) or JAM-1. JAM-A is a surface glycoprotein duplex (32 and 35 kDa) belongingto the immunoglobulin superfamily found on the surface of human platelets and at intercellular junctions of endothelial cells and epithelial cells. JAM-A belongs together with JAM-C (JAM-2) and JAM-B (VE-JAM or JAM-3) to a family of adhesion proteins with a V-C2 immunoglobulin domain organization. JAM-A plays an important role in tight junctions where it is involved in cell-to-cell adhesion through homophilic interactions. It co-distributes with other tight junction components such as ZO-1, 7H6 antigen, cingulin and occludin. Moreover, JAM-A plays a role in platelet aggregation, secretion, adhesion, spreading.<br /> In the platelet, JAM-A is a membrane protein involved in 2 distinct processes initiated on the platelet surface. Namely,, antibody-induced platelet aggregation and secretion both dependent on FcgammaRII and GPIIb/IIIa integrin, a process that may be involved in pathophysiological processes associated with certain thrombocytopenias and secondly, antibody mediated platelet adhesion independent from FcgammaRII or- fibrinogen receptor that appears to play a role in physiological processes associated with platelet adhesion and aggregation. A physiological role for the JAM-A protein was demonstrated by its phosphorylation after the stimulation of platelets by thrombin and collagen. A pathophysiological role for the JAM-A was revealed by demonstrating the presence of JAM-A antibodies in patients with thrombocytopenia. Adhesion of platelets through JAM-A resulted in events characteristic of the action of cell adhesion molecules. Recent data suggests a role for JAM-A in the adhesion of platelets to cytokine-inflamed endothelial cells and thus in thrombosis and atherosclerosis induced in non-denuded blood vessels by inflammatory processes.
SV40, Simian Virus 40 is a polyomavirus that is found in both monkeys and humans. Like other polyomaviruses, SV40 is a DNA virus that has the potential to cause tumors. SV40 is believed to suppress the transcriptional properties of tumor-suppressing p53 in humans through the SV40 large T-antigen and SV40 small T-antigen. It is generally assumed that large T-antigen is the major protein involved in neoplastic processes and the large T-antigen predominantly exerts its effect through deregulation of tumor suppressor p53, which is responsible for initiating regulated cell death (apoptosis), or cell cycle arrest when a cell is damaged. A mutated p53 gene may contribute to uncontrolled cellular proliferation, leading to a tumor.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
MRQ-4
Concentration:
n/a
Storage buffer:
Tris Buffer, pH 7.3-7.7, containing 1% BSA and <0.1% Sodium Azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Gurney, E.G., et al. J Virl. 34:752-763 (1980)
References 2:
Huang, H., Reis,R. et al. Brain Pathol., 9:33-42 (1999)
References 3:
Arrington, A.S., et al. Molecular and Clinical Perspectives; 461-489 (2001)
T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 1 (TCL1, TCL1A, p14TCL1) is a 14 kDa product of the TCL1 gene that is involved in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL). TCL1 protein is normally found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of lymphoid lineage cells during early embryogenesis. TCL1 is expressed in differentiated Bcells under both reactive and neoplastic conditions, antigen committed B-cells, and in germinal center B-cells. The Anti-TCL1 immunohistochemical reactivity is reportedly useful identifying B-cell lymphomas including follicular lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
MRQ-7
Concentration:
n/a
Storage buffer:
Tris Buffer, pH 7.3-7.7, containing 1% BSA and <0.1% Sodium Azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Takizawa J, et al. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1998; 89:712-8
References 2:
Narducci MG, et al. Cancer Res. 2000; 60:2095-100
References 3:
Rodig SJ, et al. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008; 32:113-22
References 4:
Herling M, et al. Leukemia. 2006; 20:280-5
References 5:
Pescarmona E, et al. Histopathology. 2006; 49:343-8
The monoclonal antibody DCN47.5 reacts with the C-type lectin, DC-SIGN (CD209), exclusively expressed on human dendritic cells (DC). DC are specialized antigen presenting cells and bridge the innate and the adaptive immune system. They provide high levels of costimulation necessary for activation of both naïve and antigen-experienced T-cells. Immature DC are capable to migrate to inflammatory sites, capture antigen and process it internally to form MHC-peptide complexes. Following antigen uptake, DC undergo maturation and migrate to lymphoid organs where they can present MHC-peptide complexes to resting T-cells and drive T-cell proliferation. During differentiation and maturation of DC, several phenotypic surface markers are expressed: CD1a, CD4, CD11, CD40, CD86, and HLA-DR. Immature DC predominantly express CCR5 which enables DC to migrate to inflammatory sites, whereas mature DC express high levels of CXCR4, a receptor that facilitates migration to lymphoid organs.</br> DC also express DC-specific, ICAM-3 grabbing, nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), a 44 kDa C-type lectin that binds to the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120, ICAM-3 on T-cells and ICAM-2 on endothelial cells. HIV virions are able to infect cells expressing CD4 and the chemokine co-receptors CCR5 or CXCR4 and can attach to DC-SIGN to extend virion lifespan. Therefore, DC are candidates for HIV-1 infection. DC-SIGN-ICAM-3 binding is integrin-independent but calcium-dependent and antibodies reactive against DC-SIGN can be used to study DC-SIGN-ICAM3 binding.</br> The monoclonal antibody DCN47.5 specifically reacts with the C-type lectin DC-SIGN (CD209) expressed on human dendritic cells and inhibits binding of DC-SIGN to ICAM-2 on endothelial cells.
The monoclonal antibody T2.5 recognizes human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Toll-like receptors (TLR) are highly conserved throughout evolution and have been implicated in the innate defense to many pathogens. At present, ligands for several of the TLR's, such as TLR2-6,9, have been identified, confirming their role in first line defense against invading microorganism. In mammals, TLRs are identified as type I transmembrane signaling receptors with an extracellular portion containing leucine-rich repeats with pattern recognition capabilities. Pathogen recognition by TLRs provokes rapid activation of innate immunity by inducing proliferation of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of costimulatory molecules and eventually toinitiation of adaptive immunity. TLR2 has been identified as a receptor that is central to the innate immune response to lipoproteins of Gram-negative bacteria, several whole Gram-positive bacteria, as well as a receptor for peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid and other bacterial cell membrane products. It is suggested that TLR2 is able to recognize such a wide variety of PAMPs (pathogen-specific molecular patterns) by forming heterodimers with other TLRs like e.g. TLR6. TLR2 is essential for recognizing lipopeptides and lipoproteins from several microorganisms and also peptidoglycans derived from gram-positive bacteria. Bacterial species as diverse as mycobacteria, spirochetes, mycoplasma, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae have all been shown to mediate cellular activation via TLR2.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. TLRs constitute of a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that mediate cellular responses to a large variety of pathogens (viruses, bacteria, and parasites) by specific recognition of so-called âpathogen-associated molecular patternsâ. Activation of TLRs, a family of at least 11 different members that function either as homo- or heterodimers, leads to activation of NFκB-dependent and IFN-regulatory factor-dependent signaling pathways. TLRs have a central role in innate immunity and are also required for the development of an adaptive immune response. TLRs are expressed by various cells of the immune system, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. TLRs are class I receptors, with a single ?-helix that spans the cell membrane. They recognize and respond to molecules derived from bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria, peptidoglycan fragments from bacterial cell walls and single-stranded and double-stranded RNA from viruses. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4; CD284) has been identified, next to MD-2 and CD14, as a receptor that is central to the innate immune response to LPS of Gram-negative bacteria. TLR4 is unique among TLRs in its ability to activate two distinct signaling pathways; one pathway is activated by the adaptors TIRAP (Toll/interleukin-1- receptor (TIR)-domain-containing adaptor protein) and MyD88, which leads to the induction of proâinflammatory cytokines. The second pathway is activated by the adaptors TRIF (TIR-domaincontaining adaptor protein inducing interferonâβ) and TRAM (TRIFrelated adaptor molecule), which leads to the induction of type I interferons. The monoclonal antibody HTA125 is a TLR4 function-blocking antibody. HTA125 recognizes preferentially human TLR4 that is associated with MD-2.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
HTA125
Concentration:
100 ug/ ml
Storage buffer:
PBS with 0.1% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Shimazu; R et al. J Exp Med 1999; 189: 1777
References 2:
Tabeta, K et al Infect Immun 2000, 68: 3731
References 3:
Akashi; S et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 268: 172
PN-15 reacts with a lectin receptor like glycoprotein of 200 kDa (gp200), present in proximal renal tubules and on urothelium. The antigen is carbohydrate in nature. Other normal tissues that display the antigen include breast, parathyroid glands, thymus and epididymis. Among renal carcinomas 93% of primary and 84% of metastatic carcinomas are positive. Bladder cancers are also largely positive. Other tumor types include breast cancer, teratocarcinomas and parathyroid adenomas. The antigen, also called DEC-205, was assigned to CD205 at CD workshop VII. In the immune system it can facilitate tolerance to self-antigens through uptake of apoptosis derived material by dendritic cells, which in turn present fragments through MHC II and MHC I, either inducing or repressing immune responses, depending on the nature of concomitant signals.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2b-kappa
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
PN-15
Concentration:
100 ug/ml
Storage buffer:
PBS with 0.02% sodium azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Yoshida, S.O. et al, Cancer Res 49: 1802-1809 (1989)
References 2:
Li, G, et al, Anticancer Res. 20(4): 2773-8 (2000)
References 3:
Batchelder C.A. et al, Anat Rec (Hoboken) 297(8): 1392-1406 (2014)
References 4:
Cykowski M.D. et al, Ultrastruct Pathol 39(1): 69-77 (2015)
The antibody reacts specificly with Human IL-1RII. The IL-1 system includes two agonists (IL-1alpha and IL-1beta), converting enzymes, antagonists, two receptors (IL-1RI and IL-1RII) and the IL-1 receptor accessory protein. The IL-1RII is part of the antagonistic IL-1 mechanism. It is also known as decoy receptor and is a non signaling molecule which functions by capturing IL-1 and preventing it from interacting with the signalling IL-1RI. The decoy IL-1RII can after binding to IL-1 also recruit the IL-1 receptor accessory protein and thus inhibit by coreceptor competition. Further a soluble form of IL-1RII exists which is shed, a process in which matrix metalloproteases have been found to play a role, by various cells including monocytes, polymorphonuclear cells, B cells and fibroblasts.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
8.5
Concentration:
100 ug/ ml
Storage buffer:
PBS with 0.1% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Mantovani; A et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 840: 338
The antibody reacts specificly with Human IL-1RII. The IL-1 system includes two agonists (IL-1alpha and IL-1beta), converting enzymes, antagonists, two receptors (IL-1RI and IL-1RII) and the IL-1 receptor accessory protein. The IL-1RII is part of the antagonistic IL-1 mechanism. It is also known as decoy receptor and is a non signaling molecule which functions by capturing IL-1 and preventing it from interacting with the signalling IL-1RI. The decoy IL-1RII can after binding to IL-1 also recruit the IL-1 receptor accessory protein and thus inhibit by coreceptor competition. Further a soluble form of IL-1RII exists which is shed, a process in which matrix metalloproteases have been found to play a role, by various cells including monocytes, polymorphonuclear cells, B cells and fibroblasts.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
6G5
Concentration:
100 ug/ ml
Storage buffer:
PBS with 0.1% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Mantovani; A et al. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 840: 338
Insulin is a protein consisting of an ?-chain of 21 amino acids and a ?-chain of 30 amino acids and produced in the ?-cells of the pancreas. 2D11-H5 is a specific insulin antibody as tested by ELISA and on human pancreatic tissue.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
2D11-H5
Concentration:
100 ug/ml
Storage buffer:
PBS with 0.02% sodium azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
De la Tour, D, et al, Mol. Endoc. 15: 476-483 (2001)
References 2:
Rajagopal, J, et al, Science 299: 363 (2003)
References 3:
Morisset, J, et al, J. Histochem. Cytochem. 51: 1501-1513 (2003)
VU-4H5 reacts with the protein core of MUC1, an apical cell side epithelial marker which is upregulated or switched on in the majority of carcinomas. The dominant epitope of VU-4H5 is PDTR, located in the VNTR domain of MUC1. In tissue sections, VU-4H5 also displays prominent staining of the cytoplasm.
This antibody stains a minority of primary melanomas and half of the metastatic lesions tested. It rarely stains dysplastic naevi or common cellular naevi using standard immunohistochemical conditions. The antibody recognizes two protein bands in immunoblotting with a molecular weight of 95-100 kD.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
PAL-M2
Concentration:
10 ug/ml
Storage buffer:
Culture medium with 0.01M Sodium Azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Ruiter DJ et al., (1985) J Invest Dermatol 85, 4-8
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