The protein encoded by this gene is part of a large protein complex that is necessary for autophagy, the major process by which intracellular components are targeted to lysosomes for degradation. Defects in this gene are a cause of susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease type 10 (IBD10). Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ATG16L1 (AA: 11-257) expressed in E. Coli.
ATG14 (Autophagy Related 14) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with ATG14 include human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Among its related pathways are Senescence and Autophagy and Regulation of autophagy.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ATG14L (AA: 43-303) expressed in E. Coli.
ATG13 (Autophagy Related 13) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are Senescence and Autophagy and mTOR signaling pathway. GO annotations related to this gene include protein kinase binding.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ATG13 (AA: 339-550) expressed in E. Coli.
Autophagy is a process for the bulk degradation of cytosolic compartments by lysosomes. ATG10 is an E2-like enzyme involved in 2 ubiquitin-like modifications essential for autophagosome formation: ATG12 (MIM 609608)-ATG5 (MIM 604261) conjugation and modification of a soluble form of MAP-LC3 (MAP1LC3A; MIM 601242), a homolog of yeast Apg8, to a membrane-bound form (Nemoto et al., 2003 [PubMed 12890687]).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ATG10 (AA: 1-125) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a transcription factor that was originally identified as a widely expressed mammalian DNA binding protein that could bind a tax-responsive enhancer element in the LTR of HTLV-1. The encoded protein was also isolated and characterized as the cAMP-response element binding protein 2 (CREB-2). The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of DNA-binding proteins that includes the AP-1 family of transcription factors, cAMP-response element binding proteins (CREBs) and CREB-like proteins. These transcription factors share a leucine zipper region that is involved in protein-protein interactions, located C-terminal to a stretch of basic amino acids that functions as a DNA binding domain. Two alternative transcripts encoding the same protein have been described. Two pseudogenes are located on the X chromosome at q28 in a region containing a large inverted duplication. ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ATF4 (AA: 212-351) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the mammalian activation transcription factor/cAMP responsive element-binding (CREB) protein family of transcription factors. This gene is induced by a variety of signals, including many of those encountered by cancer cells, and is involved in the complex process of cellular stress response. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. It is possible that alternative splicing of this gene may be physiologically important in the regulation of target genes.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ATF3 (AA: 1-181) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the mammalian activation transcription factor/cAMP responsive element-binding (CREB) protein family of transcription factors. This gene is induced by a variety of signals, including many of those encountered by cancer cells, and is involved in the complex process of cellular stress response. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. It is possible that alternative splicing of this gene may be physiologically important in the regulation of target genes.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ATF3 (AA: 1-181) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins. This protein binds to the cAMP-responsive element (CRE), an octameric palindrome. The protein forms a homodimer or heterodimer with c-Jun and stimulates CRE-dependent transcription. The protein is also a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that specifically acetylates histones H2B and H4 in vitro; thus it may represent a class of sequence-specific factors that activate transcription by direct effects on chromatin components. Additional transcript variants have been identified but their biological validity has not been determined.Tissue specificity: Abundant expression seen in the brain.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ATF2 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the penultimate step of the arginine biosynthetic pathway. There are approximately 10 to 14 copies of this gene including the pseudogenes scattered across the human genome, among which the one located on chromosome 9 appears to be the only functional gene for argininosuccinate synthetase. Mutations in the chromosome 9 copy of ASS cause citrullinemia. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ASS1 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the penultimate step of the arginine biosynthetic pathway. There are approximately 10 to 14 copies of this gene including the pseudogenes scattered across the human genome, among which the one located on chromosome 9 appears to be the only functional gene for argininosuccinate synthetase. Mutations in the chromosome 9 copy of ASS cause citrullinemia. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ASS1 expressed in E. Coli.
ASH2L (Ash2 (Absent, Small, Or Homeotic)-Like (Drosophila)) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with ASH2L include Kabuki Syndrome 1. Among its related pathways are Developmental Biology and Signaling by Wnt. GO annotations related to this gene include transcription regulatory region DNA binding and histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific).;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ASH2L (AA: 493-628) expressed in E. Coli.
ASH2L (ASH2 Like Histone Lysine Methyltransferase Complex Subunit) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with ASH2L include Kabuki Syndrome 1. Among its related pathways are Chromatin organization and Signaling by GPCR. GO annotations related to this gene include transcription regulatory region DNA binding and histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ASH2L (AA: 493-628) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a subunit of the asialoglycoprotein receptor. This receptor is a transmembrane protein that plays a critical role in serum glycoprotein homeostasis by mediating the endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of glycoproteins with exposed terminal galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine residues. The asialoglycoprotein receptor may facilitate hepatic infection by multiple viruses including hepatitis B, and is also a target for liver-specific drug delivery. The asialoglycoprotein receptor is a hetero-oligomeric protein composed of major and minor subunits, which are encoded by different genes. The protein encoded by this gene is the less abundant minor subunit. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ASGR2 (AA: 80-311) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the H3/H4 family of histone chaperone proteins and is similar to the anti-silencing function-1 gene in yeast. The encoded protein is the substrate of the tousled-like kinase family of cell cycle-regulated kinases, and may play a key role in modulating the nucleosome structure of chromatin by ensuring a constant supply of histones at sites of nucleosome assembly.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ASF1B (AA: 1-202) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the H3/H4 family of histone chaperone proteins and is similar to the anti-silencing function-1 gene in yeast. The encoded protein is the substrate of the tousled-like kinase family of cell cycle-regulated kinases, and may play a key role in modulating the nucleosome structure of chromatin by ensuring a constant supply of histones at sites of nucleosome assembly.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ASF1B (AA: 1-202) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the H3/H4 family of histone chaperone proteins and is similar to the anti-silencing function-1 gene in yeast. The protein is a key component of a histone donor complex that functions in nucleosome assembly. It interacts with histones H3 and H4, and functions together with a chromatin assembly factor during DNA replication and repair.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ASF1A (AA: 1-204) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a basic helix-loop-helix protein that forms a heterodimer with CLOCK. This complex binds an E-box upstream of the PER1 gene, activating this gene and possibly other circadian rhythym-associated genes. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ARNTL expressed in E. Coli.
Aplysia Ras-related homologs (ARHs), also called Rho genes, belong to the RAS gene superfamily encoding small guanine nucleotide exchange (GTP/GDP) factors. The ARH proteins may be kept in the inactive, GDP-bound state by interaction with GDP dissociation inhibitors, such as ARHGDIA
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ARHGDIA (AA: FULL(1-204)) expressed in E. Coli.
ARHGAP42 (Rho GTPase Activating Protein 42) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are Cytoskeletal Signaling. GO annotations related to this gene include GTPase activator activity. An important paralog of this gene is ARHGAP26.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ARHGAP42 (AA: 577-719) expressed in E. Coli.
Arginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea. At least two isoforms of mammalian arginase exist (types I and II) which differ in their tissue distribution, subcellular localization, immunologic crossreactivity and physiologic function. The type I isoform encoded by this gene, is a cytosolic enzyme and expressed predominantly in the liver as a component of the urea cycle. Inherited deficiency of this enzyme results in argininemia, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hyperammonemia. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ARG1 (AA: (1-322)) expressed in E. Coli.
Arginase catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea. At least two isoforms of mammalian arginase exist (types I and II) which differ in their tissue distribution, subcellular localization, immunologic crossreactivity and physiologic function. The type I isoform encoded by this gene, is a cytosolic enzyme and expressed predominantly in the liver as a component of the urea cycle. Inherited deficiency of this enzyme results in argininemia, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hyperammonemia. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ARG1 (AA: (1-322)) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase-activating protein, which associates with the Golgi apparatus and which interacts with ADP-ribosylation factor 1. The encoded protein promotes hydrolysis of ADP-ribosylation factor 1-bound GTP and is required for the dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi-derived membranes and vesicles. Dissociation of the coat proteins is required for the fusion of these vesicles with target compartments. The activity of this protein is stimulated by phosphoinosides and inhibited by phosphatidylcholine. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ARFGAP1 (AA: 270-414) expressed in E. Coli.
ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) is a member of the human ARF gene family. The family members encode small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that stimulate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and play a role in vesicular trafficking as activators of phospholipase D. The gene products, including 6 ARF proteins and 11 ARF-like proteins, constitute a family of the RAS superfamily. The ARF proteins are categorized as class I (ARF1, ARF2 and ARF3), class II (ARF4 and ARF5) and class III (ARF6), and members of each class share a common gene organization. The ARF1 protein is localized to the Golgi apparatus and has a central role in intra-Golgi transport. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ARF1 (AA: 76-182) expressed in E. Coli.
ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) is a member of the human ARF gene family. The family members encode small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that stimulate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and play a role in vesicular trafficking as activators of phospholipase D. The gene products, including 6 ARF proteins and 11 ARF-like proteins, constitute a family of the RAS superfamily. The ARF proteins are categorized as class I (ARF1, ARF2 and ARF3), class II (ARF4 and ARF5) and class III (ARF6), and members of each class share a common gene organization. The ARF1 protein is localized to the Golgi apparatus and has a central role in intra-Golgi transport. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ARF1 (AA: 76-182) expressed in E. Coli.
AR: androgen receptor. The androgen receptor gene is more than 90 kb long and codes for a protein that has 3 major functional domains: the N-terminal domain, DNA-binding domain, and androgen-binding domain. The protein functions as a steroid-hormone activated transcription factor. Upon binding the hormone ligand, the receptor dissociates from accessory proteins, translocates into the nucleus, dimerizes, and then stimulates transcription of androgen responsive genes. This gene contains 2 polymorphic trinucleotide repeat segments that encode polyglutamine and polyglycine tracts in the N-terminal transactivation domain of its protein. Expansion of the polyglutamine tract causes spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy disease). Mutations in this gene are also associated with complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS). Two alternatively spliced variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of AR (aa689-919) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a water channel protein located in the kidney collecting tubule. It belongs to the MIP/aquaporin family, some members of which are clustered together on chromosome 12q13. Mutations in this gene have been linked to autosomal dominant and recessive forms of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AQP2 (AA: 149-271) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a water channel protein located in the kidney collecting tubule. It belongs to the MIP/aquaporin family, some members of which are clustered together on chromosome 12q13. Mutations in this gene have been linked to autosomal dominant and recessive forms of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AQP2 (AA: 149-271) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a cell surface receptor and transmembrane precursor protein that is cleaved by secretases to form a number of peptides. Some of these peptides are secreted and can bind to the acetyltransferase complex APBB1/TIP60 to promote transcriptional activation, while others form the protein basis of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease. Mutations in this gene have been implicated in autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease and cerebroarterial amyloidosis (cerebral amyloid angiopathy). Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human APP (AA: 483-699) expressed in E. Coli.
ApoO: apolipoprotein O, also known as MYO25, FAM121B, MGC4825. Entrez Protein NP_077027. It is a chrondroitin-sulfate chain containing member of the apolipoprotein family and is an original glycoprotein up-regulated by diabetes in human Heart. Promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophage cells. Detected in HDL, LDL and VLDL. Secreted by a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP)-dependent mechanism, probably as a VLDL-associated protein that is subsequently transferred to HDL. May be involved in myocardium-protective mechanisms against lipid accumulation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ApoO expressed in E. Coli.
ApoM (apolipoprotein M, also designated G3a or NG20), with 188-amino acid protein(about 21kDa), is an apolipoprotein and member of the lipocalin protein family. The Apo-proteins are involved in the specific binding of cellular receptors, the regulation of lipolytic enzymes, and the process of lipid exchange. The encoded protein is secreted through the plasma membrane but remains membrane-bound, where it is involved in lipid transport. The N-terminal region of Apo-M contains hydrophobic residues that may promote association with the phospholipid layer of lipoprotein particles. In vitro, Apo-M is glycosylated when translated in the presence of microsomes, and remains associated with the microsomes after carbonate treatment. Apo-M is expressed in liver and kidney, and is secreted into the bloodstream in HDLs, and also found in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and LDLs.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ApoM expressed in E. Coli.
ApoM (apolipoprotein M, also designated G3a or NG20), with 188-amino acid protein(about 21kDa), is an apolipoprotein and member of the lipocalin protein family. The Apo-proteins are involved in the specific binding of cellular receptors, the regulation of lipolytic enzymes, and the process of lipid exchange. The encoded protein is secreted through the plasma membrane but remains membrane-bound, where it is involved in lipid transport. The N-terminal region of Apo-M contains hydrophobic residues that may promote association with the phospholipid layer of lipoprotein particles. In vitro, Apo-M is glycosylated when translated in the presence of microsomes, and remains associated with the microsomes after carbonate treatment. Apo-M is expressed in liver and kidney, and is secreted into the bloodstream in HDLs, and also found in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and LDLs.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ApoM expressed in E. Coli.
APOL1(apolipoprotein L, 1), also known as APOL, APO-L, APOL-I. Entrez Protein NP_001130012. It is a 395aa secreted high density lipoprotein which binds to apolipoprotein A-I. And is involved in the formation of most cholesteryl esters in plasma and also promotes efflux of cholesterol from cells. The apolipoprotein L gene family encodes six highly homologous proteins designated apoL-I to -VI. This apolipoprotein L family member may play a role in lipid exchange and transport throughout the body, as well as in reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral cells to the liver. Several different transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of APOL1 expressed in E. Coli.
Chylomicron remnants and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants are rapidly removed from the circulation by receptor-mediated endocytosis in the liver. Apolipoprotein E, a main apoprotein of the chylomicron, binds to a specific receptor on liver cells and peripheral cells. ApoE is essential for the normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. The APOE gene is mapped to chromosome 19 in a cluster with APOC1 and APOC2. Defects in apolipoprotein E result in familial dysbetalipoproteinemia, or type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP III), in which increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are the consequence of impaired clearance of chylomicron and VLDL remnants. Tissue specificity: Occurs in all lipoprotein fractions in plasma. It constitutes 10-20% of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and 1-2% of high density lipoproteins (HDL). APOE is produced in most organs. Significant quantities are produced in liver, brain, spleen, lung, adrenal, ovary, kidney and muscle.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ApoE expressed in E. Coli.
This gene product is the main apolipoprotein of chylomicrons and low density lipoproteins. It occurs in plasma as two main isoforms, apoB-48 and apoB-100: the former is synthesized exclusively in the gut and the latter in the liver. The intestinal and the hepatic forms of apoB are encoded by a single gene from a single, very long mRNA. The two isoforms share a common N-terminal sequence. The shorter apoB-48 protein is produced after RNA editing of the apoB-100 transcript at residue 2180 (CAA->UAA), resulting in the creation of a stop codon, and early translation termination. Mutations in this gene or its regulatory region cause hypobetalipoproteinemia, normotriglyceridemic hypobetalipoproteinemia, and hypercholesterolemia due to ligand-defective apoB, diseases affecting plasma cholesterol and apoB levels.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ApoB expressed in E. Coli.
Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) is fast gaining attention as a key regulator of serum triglyceride concentrations. An ApoA5 mouse knock-out model produced an approximately four fold increase in serum triglyc erides, whereas a knock-in model with human ApoA5 produced 5070% lower ; ; concentrations of mouse serum triglycerides. In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-_ agonists, which are used clinically to lower serum triglyceride concentrations, cause increased ApoA5 mRNA expression. Recently, it was demonstrated that ApoA5 is present in human serum detected by polyclonal antibodies against both the NH2 and COOH termini, although at much lower concentration than other apolipoproteins.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human APOA5 (AA: 180-363) expressed in E. Coli.
Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) is fast gaining attention as a key regulator of serum triglyceride concentrations. An ApoA5 mouse knock-out model produced an approximately four fold increase in serum triglycerides, whereas a knock-in model with human ApoA5 produced 5070% lower ; concentrations of mouse serum triglycerides. In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-_ agonists, which are used clinically to lower serum triglyceride concentrations, cause increased ApoA5 mRNA expression. Recently, it was demonstrated that ApoA5 is present in human serum detected by polyclonal antibodies against both the NH2 and COOH termini, although at much lower concentration than other apolipoproteins.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human APOA5 (AA: 20-363) expressed in E. Coli.
Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) is fast gaining attention as a key regulator of serum triglyceride concentrations. An ApoA5 mouse knock-out model produced an approximately four fold increase in serum triglycerides, whereas a knock-in model with human ApoA5 produced 5070% lower concentrations of mouse serum triglycerides. In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- agonists, which are used clinically to lower serum triglyceride concentrations, cause increased ApoA5 mRNA expression. Despite these compelling molecular biology data, relatively little is known about ApoA5 protein in human serum. This antibody pair detected recombinant apoa5 protein in sandwich ELISA format and could be potential reagents for the development of clinical diagnostic kits.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human Apoa5 expressed in E. Coli.
APOA4: apolipoprotein A-IV. Apoliprotein (apo) A-IV gene contains 3 exons separated by two introns. A sequence polymorphism has been identified in the 3'UTR of the third exon. The primary translation product is a 396-residue preprotein which after proteolytic processing is secreted its primary site of synthesis, the intestine, in association with chylomicron particles. Although its precise function is not known, apo A-IV is a potent activator of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase in vitro.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of APOA4 (aa21-396) expressed in E. Coli.
APOA4: apolipoprotein A-IV. Apoliprotein (apo) A-IV gene contains 3 exons separated by two introns. A sequence polymorphism has been identified in the 3'UTR of the third exon. The primary translation product is a 396-residue preprotein which after proteolytic processing is secreted its primary site of synthesis, the intestine, in association with chylomicron particles. Although its precise function is not known, apo A-IV is a potent activator of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase in vitro.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of APOA4 (aa21-396) expressed in E. Coli.
APOA1: apolipoprotein A-I, it is the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma. The protein promotes cholesterol efflux from tissues to the liver for excretion, and it is a cofactor for lecithin cholesterolacyltransferase (LCAT) which is responsible for the formation of most plasma cholesteryl esters. Defects in the Apolipoprotein A I gene are associated with HDL deficiency and Tangier disease. The therapeutic potential of apoA-I has been recently assessed in patients with acute coronary syndromes, using a recombinant form of a naturally occurring variant of apoA-I. The availability of recombinant normal apoA-I should facilitate further investigation into the potential usefulness of apoA-I in preventing atherosclerotic vascular diseases.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human APOA1 expressed in E. Coli.
Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites occur frequently in DNA molecules by spontaneous hydrolysis, by DNA damaging agents or by DNA glycosylases that remove specific abnormal bases. AP sites are pre-mutagenic lesions that can prevent normal DNA replication so the cell contains systems to identify and repair such sites. Class II AP endonucleases cleave the phosphodiester backbone 5' to the AP site. This gene encodes the major AP endonuclease in human cells. Splice variants have been found for this gene; all encode the same protein.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human APEX1 (AA: 219-318) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a strongly conserved protein that has an N-terminal coiled-coil domain followed by an armadillo domain, five 20-amino acid repeats, and two SAMP domains. This protein promotes the assembly of a multiprotein complex that recruits and phosphorylates the Wnt effector beta-catenin and targets beta-catenin for ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. This protein therefore plays a role in the reduction of cytoplasmic levels of beta-catenin which in turn reduces activation of Wnt target genes that play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various human cancers. The protein encoded by this gene is closely related to the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor-suppressor protein and has similar tumor-suppressor effects. This gene also plays a role in actin assembly, cell-cell adhesion, and microtubule network formation through its interaction with cytoskeletal proteins. This gene has its highest expression in the central nervous system and is involved in brain development through cytoskeletal regulation in neurons. Alternative splicing produces multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human APC2 (AA: 2041-2181) expressed in E. Coli.
APBB1IP (amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein-binding, family B, member 1 interacting protein) is a protein-coding gene. Diseases associated with APBB1IP include alzheimer's disease, and melanoma, and among its related super-pathways are p130Cas linkage to MAPK signaling for integrins and Platelet Aggregation (Plug Formation). GO annotations related to this gene include phospholipid binding. An important paralog of this gene is GRB7.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human APBB1IP (AA: 1-151) expressed in E. Coli.
APBB1IP (amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein-binding, family B, member 1 interacting protein) is a protein-coding gene. Diseases associated with APBB1IP include alzheimer's disease, and melanoma, and among its related super-pathways are p130Cas linkage to MAPK signaling for integrins and Platelet Aggregation (Plug Formation). GO annotations related to this gene include phospholipid binding. An important paralog of this gene is GRB7.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human APBB1IP (AA: 1-151) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the X11 protein family. It is a neuronal adapter protein that interacts with the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein (APP). It stabilizes APP and inhibits production of proteolytic APP fragments including the A beta peptide that is deposited in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. This gene product is believed to be involved in signal transduction processes. It is also regarded as a putative vesicular trafficking protein in the brain that can form a complex with the potential to couple synaptic vesicle exocytosis to neuronal cell adhesion. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human APBA2 (AA: 15-158) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the X11 protein family. It is a neuronal adapter protein that interacts with the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein (APP). It stabilizes APP and inhibits production of proteolytic APP fragments including the A beta peptide that is deposited in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. This gene product is believed to be involved in signal transduction processes. It is also regarded as a putative vesicular trafficking protein in the brain that can form a complex with the potential to couple synaptic vesicle exocytosis to neuronal cell adhesion. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human APBA2 (AA: 15-158) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein that initiates apoptosis. This protein contains several copies of the WD-40 domain, a caspase recruitment domain (CARD), and an ATPase domain (NB-ARC). Upon binding cytochrome c and dATP, this protein forms an oligomeric apoptosome. The apoptosome binds and cleaves caspase 9 preproprotein, releasing its mature, activated form. Activated caspase 9 stimulates the subsequent caspase cascade that commits the cell to apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human APAF1 (AA: 1138-1237) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein that initiates apoptosis. This protein contains several copies of the WD-40 domain, a caspase recruitment domain (CARD), and an ATPase domain (NB-ARC). Upon binding cytochrome c and dATP, this protein forms an oligomeric apoptosome. The apoptosome binds and cleaves caspase 9 preproprotein, releasing its mature, activated form. Activated caspase 9 stimulates the subsequent caspase cascade that commits the cell to apoptosis. Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human APAF1 (AA: 1138-1237) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a subunit of the heterotetrameric coat assembly protein complex 2 (AP2), which belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunits family. The encoded protein is required for the activity of a vacuolar ATPase, which is responsible for proton pumping occurring in the acidification of endosomes and lysosomes. The encoded protein may also play an important role in regulating the intracellular trafficking and function of CTLA-4 protein. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AP2M1 (AA: 298-435) expressed in E. Coli.
Flavin-dependent histone demethylases, such as KDM1B, regulate histone lysine methylation, an epigenetic mark that regulates gene expression and chromatin function.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AOF1 (AA: 6-129) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins some of which have been implicated in membrane-related events along exocytotic and endocytotic pathways. Annexin 5 is a phospholipase A2 and protein kinase C inhibitory protein with calcium channel activity and a potential role in cellular signal transduction, inflammation, growth and differentiation. Annexin 5 has also been described as placental anticoagulant protein I, vascular anticoagulant-alpha, endonexin II, lipocortin V, placental protein 4 and anchorin CII. The gene spans 29 kb containing 13 exons, and encodes a single transcript of approximately 1.6 kb and a protein product with a molecular weight of about 35 kDa.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ANXA5 (AA: 160-320) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the annexin family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins some of which have been implicated in membrane-related events along exocytotic and endocytotic pathways. Annexin 5 is a phospholipase A2 and protein kinase C inhibitory protein with calcium channel activity and a potential role in cellular signal transduction, inflammation, growth and differentiation. Annexin 5 has also been described as placental anticoagulant protein I, vascular anticoagulant-alpha, endonexin II, lipocortin V, placental protein 4 and anchorin CII. The gene spans 29 kb containing 13 exons, and encodes a single transcript of approximately 1.6 kb and a protein product with a molecular weight of about 35 kDa.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ANXA5 (AA: 160-320) expressed in E. Coli.
Aminopeptidase N is located in the small-intestinal and renal microvillar membrane, and also in other plasma membranes. In the small intestine aminopeptidase N plays a role in the final digestion of peptides generated from hydrolysis of proteins by gastric and pancreatic proteases. Its function in proximal tubular epithelial cells and other cell types is less clear. The large extracellular carboxyterminal domain contains a pentapeptide consensus sequence characteristic of members of the zinc-binding metalloproteinase superfamily. Sequence comparisons with known enzymes of this class showed that CD13 and aminopeptidase N are identical. The latter enzyme was thought to be involved in the metabolism of regulatory peptides by diverse cell types, including small intestinal and renal tubular epithelial cells, macrophages, granulocytes, and synaptic membranes from the CNS. Human aminopeptidase N is a receptor for one strain of human coronavirus that is an important cause of upper respiratory tract infections. Defects in this gene appear to be a cause of various types of leukemia or lymphoma.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ANPEP (AA: Extra(781-967)) expressed in E. Coli.
The androgen receptor (AR), also known as NR3C4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 4), is a type of nuclear receptor which is activated by binding of either of the androgenic hormones testosterone or dihydrotestosterone in the cytoplasm and then translocating into the nucleus. The androgen receptor is most closely related to the progesterone receptor, and progestins in higher dosages can block the androgen receptor. The main function of the androgen receptor is as a DNA binding transcription factor which regulates gene expression; however, the androgen receptor has other functions as well. Androgen regulated genes are critical for the development and maintenance of the male sexual phenotype.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AR expressed in E. Coli.
ANAPC11 (Anaphase Promoting Complex Subunit 11) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are Immune System and Cellular Senescence. GO annotations related to this gene include ubiquitin-protein transferase activity and ubiquitin-ubiquitin ligase activity.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ANAPC11 (AA: 1-196) expressed in E. Coli.
ANAPC11 (Anaphase Promoting Complex Subunit 11) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are Immune System and Cellular Senescence. GO annotations related to this gene include ubiquitin-protein transferase activity and ubiquitin-ubiquitin ligase activity.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ANAPC11 (AA: 1-196) expressed in E. Coli.
ANAPC10 is a core subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), or cyclosome, a ubiquitin protein ligase that is essential for progression through the cell cycle. APC initiates sister chromatid separation by ubiquitinating the anaphase inhibitor securin (PTTG1; MIM 604147) and triggers exit from mitosis by ubiquitinating cyclin B (CCNB1; MIM 123836), the activating subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1; MIM 116940) (summary by Wendt et al., 2001 [PubMed 11524682]).;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ANAPC10 (AA: 1-185) expressed in E. Coli.
ANAPC10 is a core subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), or cyclosome, a ubiquitin protein ligase that is essential for progression through the cell cycle. APC initiates sister chromatid separation by ubiquitinating the anaphase inhibitor securin (PTTG1; MIM 604147) and triggers exit from mitosis by ubiquitinating cyclin B (CCNB1; MIM 123836), the activating subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1; MIM 116940) (summary by Wendt et al., 2001 [PubMed 11524682]).;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ANAPC10 (AA: 1-185) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex. This complex is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates progression through the metaphase to anaphase portion of the cell cycle by ubiquitinating proteins which targets them for degradation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ANAPC1 (AA: 12-155) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex. This complex is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates progression through the metaphase to anaphase portion of the cell cycle by ubiquitinating proteins which targets them for degradation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ANAPC1 (AA: 12-155) expressed in E. Coli.
Amylases are secreted proteins that hydrolyze 1,4-alpha-glucoside bonds in oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, and thus catalyze the first step in digestion of dietary starch and glycogen. The human genome has a cluster of several amylase genes that are expressed at high levels in either salivary gland or pancreas. This gene encodes an amylase isoenzyme produced by the salivary gland. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AMY1A (AA: 172-284) expressed in E. Coli.
Amylases are secreted proteins that hydrolyze 1,4-alpha-glucoside bonds in oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, and thus catalyze the first step in digestion of dietary starch and glycogen. The human genome has a cluster of several amylase genes that are expressed at high levels in either salivary gland or pancreas. This gene encodes an amylase isoenzyme produced by the salivary gland. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AMY1A (AA: 172-284) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene regulates autophagy and development of the nervous system. Involved in autophagy in controlling protein turnover during neuronal development, and in regulating normal cell survival and proliferation (By similarity).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AMBRA1 (AA: 1177-1301) expressed in E. Coli.
There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal, placental, placental-like, and liver/bone/kidney (tissue non-specific). The first three are located together on chromosome 2 while the tissue non-specific form is located on chromosome 1. The product of this gene is a membrane bound glycosylated enzyme, also referred to as the heat stable form, that is expressed primarily in the placenta although it is closely related to the intestinal form of the enzyme as well as to the placental-like form. The coding sequence for this form of alkaline phosphatase is unique in that the 3' untranslated region contains multiple copies of an Alu family repeat. In addition, this gene is polymorphic and three common alleles (type 1, type 2 and type 3) for this form of alkaline phosphatase have been well characterized.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALPP expressed in E. Coli.
There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal, placental, placental-like, and liver/bone/kidney (tissue non-specific). The first three are located together on chromosome 2, while the tissue non-specific form is located on chromosome 1. The product of this gene is a membrane bound glycosylated enzyme that is not expressed in any particular tissue and is, therefore, referred to as the tissue-nonspecific form of the enzyme. The exact physiological function of the alkaline phosphatases is not known. A proposed function of this form of the enzyme is matrix mineralization; however, mice that lack a functional form of this enzyme show normal skeletal development. This enzyme has been linked directly to hypophosphatasia, a disorder that is characterized by hypercalcemia and includes skeletal defects. The character of this disorder can vary, however, depending on the specific mutation since this determines age of onset and severity of symptoms. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALPL expressed in E. Coli.
There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal, placental, placental-like, and liver/bone/kidney (tissue non-specific). The intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene encodes a digestive brush-border enzyme. This enzyme is upregulated during small intestinal epithelial cell differentiation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALPI (AA: 397-458) expressed in E. Coli.
There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal, placental, placental-like, and liver/bone/kidney (tissue non-specific). The intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene encodes a digestive brush-border enzyme. This enzyme is upregulated during small intestinal epithelial cell differentiation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALPI (AA: 397-458) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, which belongs to the insulin receptor superfamily. This protein comprises an extracellular domain, an hydrophobic stretch corresponding to a single pass transmembrane region, and an intracellular kinase domain. It plays an important role in the development of the brain and exerts its effects on specific neurons in the nervous system. This gene has been found to be rearranged, mutated, or amplified in a series of tumours including anaplastic large cell lymphomas, neuroblastoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. The chromosomal rearrangements are the most common genetic alterations in this gene, which result in creation of multiple fusion genes in tumourigenesis, including ALK (chromosome 2)/EML4 (chromosome 2), ALK/RANBP2 (chromosome 2), ALK/ATIC (chromosome 2), ALK/TFG (chromosome 3), ALK/NPM1 (chromosome 5), ALK/SQSTM1 (chromosome 5), ALK/KIF5B (chromosome 10), ALK/CLTC (chromosome 17), ALK/TPM4 (chromosome 19), and ALK/MSN (chromosome X).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALK/p80 (AA: 1359-1460) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, which belongs to the insulin receptor superfamily. This protein comprises an extracellular domain, an hydrophobic stretch corresponding to a single pass transmembrane region, and an intracellular kinase domain. It plays an important role in the development of the brain and exerts its effects on specific neurons in the nervous system. This gene has been found to be rearranged, mutated, or amplified in a series of tumours including anaplastic large cell lymphomas, neuroblastoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. The chromosomal rearrangements are the most common genetic alterations in this gene, which result in creation of multiple fusion genes in tumourigenesis, including ALK (chromosome 2)/EML4 (chromosome 2), ALK/RANBP2 (chromosome 2), ALK/ATIC (chromosome 2), ALK/TFG (chromosome 3), ALK/NPM1 (chromosome 5), ALK/SQSTM1 (chromosome 5), ALK/KIF5B (chromosome 10), ALK/CLTC (chromosome 17), ALK/TPM4 (chromosome 19), and ALK/MSN (chromosome X).;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALK (AA: 1366-1468) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, which belongs to the insulin receptor superfamily. This protein comprises an extracellular domain, an hydrophobic stretch corresponding to a single pass transmembrane region, and an intracellular kinase domain. It plays an important role in the development of the brain and exerts its effects on specific neurons in the nervous system. This gene has been found to be rearranged, mutated, or amplified in a series of tumours including anaplastic large cell lymphomas, neuroblastoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. The chromosomal rearrangements are the most common genetic alterations in this gene, which result in creation of multiple fusion genes in tumourigenesis, including ALK (chromosome 2)/EML4 (chromosome 2), ALK/RANBP2 (chromosome 2), ALK/ATIC (chromosome 2), ALK/TFG (chromosome 3), ALK/NPM1 (chromosome 5), ALK/SQSTM1 (chromosome 5), ALK/KIF5B (chromosome 10), ALK/CLTC (chromosome 17), ALK/TPM4 (chromosome 19), and ALK/MSN (chromosome X).;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALK (AA: 1366-1468) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene, Aldolase A (fructose-bisphosphate aldolase), is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Three aldolase isozymes (A, B, and C), encoded by three different genes, are differentially expressed during development. Aldolase A is found in the developing embryo and is produced in even greater amounts in adult muscle. Aldolase A expression is repressed in adult liver, kidney and intestine and similar to aldolase C levels in brain and other nervous tissue. Aldolase A deficiency has been associated with myopathy and hemolytic anemia. Alternative splicing and alternative promoter usage results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 3 and 10.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALDOA (AA: 9-145) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene, Aldolase A (fructose-bisphosphate aldolase), is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Three aldolase isozymes (A, B, and C), encoded by three different genes, are differentially expressed during development. Aldolase A is found in the developing embryo and is produced in even greater amounts in adult muscle. Aldolase A expression is repressed in adult liver, kidney and intestine and similar to aldolase C levels in brain and other nervous tissue. Aldolase A deficiency has been associated with myopathy and hemolytic anemia. Alternative splicing and alternative promoter usage results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 3 and 10.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALDOA (AA: 9-145) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded protein is a mitochondrial methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase that plays a role in the valine and pyrimidine catabolic pathways. This protein catalyzes the irreversible oxidative decarboxylation of malonate and methylmalonate semialdehydes to acetyl- and propionyl-CoA. Methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is characterized by elevated beta-alanine, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, and both isomers of 3-amino and 3-hydroxyisobutyric acids in urine organic acids. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALDH6A1 (AA: 1-195) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded protein is a mitochondrial methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase that plays a role in the valine and pyrimidine catabolic pathways. This protein catalyzes the irreversible oxidative decarboxylation of malonate and methylmalonate semialdehydes to acetyl- and propionyl-CoA. Methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is characterized by elevated beta-alanine, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, and both isomers of 3-amino and 3-hydroxyisobutyric acids in urine organic acids. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALDH6A1 (AA: 1-195) expressed in E. Coli.
This protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family of proteins. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is the second enzyme of the major oxidative pathway of alcohol metabolism. Two major liver isoforms of aldehyde dehydrogenase, cytosolic and mitochondrial, can be distinguished by their electrophoretic mobilities, kinetic properties, and subcellular localizations. Most Caucasians have two major isozymes, while approximately 50% of Orientals have the cytosolic isozyme but not the mitochondrial isozyme. A remarkably higher frequency of acute alcohol intoxication among Orientals than among Caucasians could be related to the absence of a catalytically active form of the mitochondrial isozyme. The increased exposure to acetaldehyde in individuals with the catalytically inactive form may also confer greater susceptibility to many types of cancer. This gene encodes a mitochondrial isoform, which has a low Km for acetaldehydes, and is localized in mitochondrial matrix. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. ; ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALDH2 (AA: 317-517) expressed in E. Coli.
This protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family of proteins. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is the second enzyme of the major oxidative pathway of alcohol metabolism. Two major liver isoforms of aldehyde dehydrogenase, cytosolic and mitochondrial, can be distinguished by their electrophoretic mobilities, kinetic properties, and subcellular localizations. Most Caucasians have two major isozymes, while approximately 50% of Orientals have the cytosolic isozyme but not the mitochondrial isozyme. A remarkably higher frequency of acute alcohol intoxication among Orientals than among Caucasians could be related to the absence of a catalytically active form of the mitochondrial isozyme. The increased exposure to acetaldehyde in individuals with the catalytically inactive form may also confer greater susceptibility to many types of cancer. This gene encodes a mitochondrial isoform, which has a low Km for acetaldehydes, and is localized in mitochondrial matrix. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALDH2 (AA: 317-517) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is the next enzyme after alcohol dehydrogenase in the major pathway of alcohol metabolism. There are two major aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes in the liver, cytosolic and mitochondrial, which are encoded by distinct genes, and can be distinguished by their electrophoretic mobility, kinetic properties, and subcellular localization. This gene encodes the cytosolic isozyme. Studies in mice show that through its role in retinol metabolism, this gene may also be involved in the regulation of the metabolic responses to high-fat diet.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALDH1A1 (AA: 1-110) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is the next enzyme after alcohol dehydrogenase in the major pathway of alcohol metabolism. There are two major aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes in the liver, cytosolic and mitochondrial, which are encoded by distinct genes, and can be distinguished by their electrophoretic mobility, kinetic properties, and subcellular localization. This gene encodes the cytosolic isozyme. Studies in mice show that through its role in retinol metabolism, this gene may also be involved in the regulation of the metabolic responses to high-fat diet.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALDH1A1 (AA: 1-110) expressed in E. Coli.
ALDH1A1 is an aldehyde dehydrogenase able to oxidize a wide variety of aliphatic aldehydes (retinaldehyde, acetaldehyde, etc.) to the corresponding carboxylic acids (retinoic acid, acetic acid, etc.). ALDH1A1 (also known as RALDH1, ALDH1, or AHD2) is highly expressed in the dorsal retina, ventral midbrain (dopaminergic neurons), and hematopoietic stem cells. ALDH1A1 is involved in retinoic acid (RA) synthesis during vertebrate embryogenesis. ALDH1A1 is first detected at E9.0-E10.5 in cranial tissues (ventral mesencephalon, dorsal retina, thymic primordia, optic vesicles) and in the mesonephros. ALDH1A1 is also of interest in Parkinson's Disease (PD) being expressed in the the A9 dopaminergic (DA) neuronal group projecting to the dorsal striatum; this is the most vulnerable site in PD (Chung et al, 2005). ALDH1A1 protein is a known mesencephalic dopaminergic marker. ALDH1A1 is a cytosolic enzyme that preferentially oxidizes retinaldehyde to retinoic acid .ALDH1A1 is expressed in the epithelium of many organs, including brain, liver, testis, eye lens and cornea .ALDH1A1 is highly expressed in brain dopaminergic neurons, where it produces the retinoic acid required for their differentiation and development .The retinoic acid produced by ALDH1A1 is also important for the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALDH1A1 expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), also known as CD166 (cluster of differentiation 166), which is a member of a subfamily of immunoglobulin receptors with five immunoglobulin-like domains (VVC2C2C2) in the extracellular domain. This protein binds to T-cell differentiation antigene CD6, and is implicated in the processes of cell adhesion and migration. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found. ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALCAM (AA: 48-216) expressed in E. Coli.
ALCAM(CD166): Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule.CD166 is a member of the Ig superfamily and is expressed on activated T-cells, B cells and other cells including thymic epithelial cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and neurons. CD6 has been identified as a receptor for CD166.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ALCAM (aa405-524) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), also known as CD166 (cluster of differentiation 166), which is a member of a subfamily of immunoglobulin receptors with five immunoglobulin-like domains (VVC2C2C2) in the extracellular domain. This protein binds to T-cell differentiation antigene CD6, and is implicated in the processes of cell adhesion and migration. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found. ; ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALCAM (AA: 48-216) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), also known as CD166 (cluster of differentiation 166), which is a member of a subfamily of immunoglobulin receptors with five immunoglobulin-like domains (VVC2C2C2) in the extracellular domain. This protein binds to T-cell differentiation antigene CD6, and is implicated in the processes of cell adhesion and migration. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AlCAM (AA: 405-524) expressed in E. Coli.
ALCAM(CD166): Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule.CD166 is a member of the Ig superfamily and is expressed on activated T-cells, B cells and other cells including thymic epithelial cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes and neurons. CD6 has been identified as a receptor for CD166.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ALCAM (aa405-524) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes the most abundant protein in human blood. This protein functions in the regulation of blood plasma colloid osmotic pressure and acts as a carrier protein for a wide range of endogenous molecules including hormones, fatty acids, and metabolites, as well as exogenous drugs. Additionally, this protein exhibits an esterase-like activity with broad substrate specificity. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protein. A peptide derived from this protein, EPI-X4, is an endogenous inhibitor of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALB (AA: 410-609) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes the most abundant protein in human blood. This protein functions in the regulation of blood plasma colloid osmotic pressure and acts as a carrier protein for a wide range of endogenous molecules including hormones, fatty acids, and metabolites, as well as exogenous drugs. Additionally, this protein exhibits an esterase-like activity with broad substrate specificity. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protein. A peptide derived from this protein, EPI-X4, is an endogenous inhibitor of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ALB (AA: 410-609) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a classical cadherin and member of the cadherin superfamily. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate a calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule and glycoprotein. This protein plays a role in the establishment of left-right asymmetry, development of the nervous system and the formation of cartilage and bone.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AKT3 (AA: 37-150) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a classical cadherin and member of the cadherin superfamily. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate a calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule and glycoprotein. This protein plays a role in the establishment of left-right asymmetry, development of the nervous system and the formation of cartilage and bone.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AKT3 (AA: 37-150) expressed in E. Coli.
Akt3 (also designated protein kinase B gamma or v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3),with 479-amino acid protein (about 53kDa), belongs to the AKT serine/threonine protein kinase family, which also includes Akt1 and Akt2. AKT kinases are known to be regulators of cell signaling in response to insulin and growth factors. They are involved in a wide variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, as well as glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake.Akt3 is not required for the maintenance of normal carbohydrate metabolism but is essential for the attainment of normal organ size. Identifying Akt3 as a selective target in melanoma cells also provides new therapeutic opportunities for patients in the advanced stages of this disease.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of Akt3 expressed in E. Coli.
Akt2 (also designated protein kinase B beta or v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2 ), with 481-amino acid protein (about 53kDa), belongs to the AKT serine/threonine protein kinase family, which also includes Akt1 and Akt3. They are involved in a wide variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, as well as glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake. Among the members of AKT family, Akt2 is associated with the development of human cancers. Akt2 inhibits cisplatin-induced JNK/p38 and Bax activation through phosphorylation of ASK1 and thus, plays an important role in chemoresistance. Further, Akt2 plays a specific role in muscle differentiation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AKT2 expressed in E. Coli.
AKT1S1 is a proline-rich substrate of AKT (MIM 164730) that binds 14-3-3 protein (see YWHAH, MIM 113508) when phosphorylated (Kovacina et al., 2003 [PubMed 12524439]).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AKT1S1 (AA: 92-276) expressed in E. Coli.
AKT1S1 is a proline-rich substrate of AKT (MIM 164730) that binds 14-3-3 protein (see YWHAH, MIM 113508) when phosphorylated (Kovacina et al., 2003 [PubMed 12524439]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AKT1S1 (AA: 92-276) expressed in E. Coli.
The serine-threonine protein kinase encoded by the AKT1 gene is catalytically inactive in serum-starved primary and immortalized fibroblasts. AKT1 and the related AKT2 are activated by platelet-derived growth factor. The activation is rapid and specific, and it is abrogated by mutations in the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT1. It was shown that the activation occurs through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In the developing nervous system AKT is a critical mediator of growth factor-induced neuronal survival. Survival factors can suppress apoptosis in a transcription-independent manner by activating the serine/threonine kinase AKT1, which then phosphorylates and inactivates components of the apoptotic machinery. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the Proteus syndrome. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AKT1 (AA: 1-150) expressed in E. Coli.
The serine-threonine protein kinase encoded by the AKT1 gene is catalytically inactive in serum-starved primary and immortalized fibroblasts. AKT1 and the related AKT2 are activated by platelet-derived growth factor. The activation is rapid and specific, and it is abrogated by mutations in the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT1. It was shown that the activation occurs through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In the developing nervous system AKT is a critical mediator of growth factor-induced neuronal survival. Survival factors can suppress apoptosis in a transcription-independent manner by activating the serine/threonine kinase AKT1, which then phosphorylates and inactivates components of the apoptotic machinery. Mutations in this gene have been associated with the Proteus syndrome. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AKT1 (AA: 1-150) expressed in E. Coli.
The serine-threonine protein kinase encoded by the AKT1 gene is catalytically inactive in serum-starved primary and immortalized fibroblasts. AKT1 and the related AKT2 are activated by platelet-derived growth factor. The activation is rapid and specific, and it is abrogated by mutations in the pleckstrin homology domain of AKT1. It was shown that the activation occurs through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In the developing nervous system AKT is a critical mediator of growth factor-induced neuronal survival. Survival factors can suppress apoptosis in a transcription-independent manner by activating the serine/threonine kinase AKT1, which then phosphorylates and inactivates components of the apoptotic machinery. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AKT1 expressed in E. Coli.
AIM2 is a member of the IFI20X /IFI16 family. It plays a putative role in tumorigenic reversion and may control cell proliferation. Interferon-gamma induces expression of AIM2.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AIM2 (AA: 1-195) expressed in E. Coli.
AIM2 is a member of the IFI20X /IFI16 family. It plays a putative role in tumorigenic reversion and may control cell proliferation. Interferon-gamma induces expression of AIM2.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AIM2 (AA: 1-195) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a flavoprotein essential for nuclear disassembly in apoptotic cells, and it is found in the mitochondrial intermembrane space in healthy cells. Induction of apoptosis results in the translocation of this protein to the nucleus where it affects chromosome condensation and fragmentation. In addition, this gene product induces mitochondria to release the apoptogenic proteins cytochrome c and caspase-9. Mutations in this gene cause combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 6, which results in a severe mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 10
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AIF expressed in E. Coli.
The poly Q polymorphism in AIB1 (amplified in breast cancer) gene is usually assessed by fragment length analysis which does not reveal the actual sequence variation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the sequence variation of poly Q encoding region in breast cancer cell lines at single molecule level, and to determine if the sequence variation is related to AIB1 gene amplification.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AIB1 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a ligand-activated helix-loop-helix transcription factor involved in the regulation of biological responses to planar aromatic hydrocarbons. This receptor has been shown to regulate xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450. Before ligand binding, the encoded protein is sequestered in the cytoplasm; upon ligand binding, this protein moves to the nucleus and stimulates transcription of target genes.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AHR (AA: 721-820) expressed in E. Coli.
AGT, pre-angiotensinogen or angiotensinogen precursor, is expressed in the liver and is cleaved by the enzyme renin in response to lowered blood pressure. The resulting product, angiotensin I, is then cleaved by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to generate the physiologically active enzyme angiotensin II. The protein is involved in maintaining blood pressure and in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and preeclampsia. Mutations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to essential hypertension, and can cause renal tubular dysgenesis, a severe disorder of renal tubular development. Defects in this gene have also been associated with non-familial structural atrial fibrillation, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AGT expressed in E. Coli.
AGR2 (Anterior Gradient 2, Protein Disulphide Isomerase Family Member) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with AGR2 include pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Among its related pathways are Tyrosine Kinases / Adaptors and Adhesion. GO annotations related to this gene include dystroglycan binding. An important paralog of this gene is TXNDC12.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AGR2 (AA: 21-175) expressed in E. Coli.
AGR2 (Anterior Gradient 2, Protein Disulphide Isomerase Family Member) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with AGR2 include pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Among its related pathways are Tyrosine Kinases / Adaptors and Adhesion. GO annotations related to this gene include dystroglycan binding. An important paralog of this gene is TXNDC12.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AGR2 (AA: 21-175) expressed in E. Coli.
AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), a major plasma protein produced by the yolk sac and the liver during fetal life. Alpha-fetoprotein expression in adults is often associated with hepatoma or teratoma. However, hereditary persistance of alpha-fetoprotein may also be found in individuals with no obvious pathology. The protein is thought to be the fetal counterpart of serum albumin, and the alpha-fetoprotein and albumin genes are present in tandem in the same transcriptional orientation on chromosome 4. Alpha-fetoprotein is found in monomeric as well as dimeric and trimeric forms, and binds copper, nickel, fatty acids and bilirubin. The level of alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid is used to measure renal loss of protein to screen for spina bifida and anencephaly.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AFP expressed in E. Coli.
AFAP1L2 (Actin Filament Associated Protein 1 Like 2) is a Protein Coding gene. GO annotations related to this gene include SH3 domain binding and protein tyrosine kinase activator activity. An important paralog of this gene is AFAP1.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AFAP1L2 (AA: 674-818) expressed in E. Coli.
AFAP1L2 (Actin Filament Associated Protein 1 Like 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are Cytoskeletal Signaling. GO annotations related to this gene include SH3 domain binding and protein tyrosine kinase activator activity. An important paralog of this gene is AFAP1.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AFAP1L2 (AA: 674-818) expressed in E. Coli.
AEBP2 (AE Binding Protein 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are Chromatin organization and Activated PKN1 stimulates transcription of AR (androgen receptor) regulated genes KLK2 and KLK3. GO annotations related to this gene include RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding and transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AEBP2 (AA: 358-495) expressed in E. Coli.
AEBP2 (AE Binding Protein 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are Chromatin organization and Activated PKN1 stimulates transcription of AR (androgen receptor) regulated genes KLK2 and KLK3. GO annotations related to this gene include RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding and transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AEBP2 (AA: 358-495) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes beta-2-adrenergic receptor which is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. This receptor is directly associated with one of its ultimate effectors, the class C L-type calcium channel Ca(V)1.2. This receptor-channel complex also contains a G protein, an adenylyl cyclase, cAMP-dependent kinase, and the counterbalancing phosphatase, PP2A. The assembly of the signaling complex provides a mechanism that ensures specific and rapid signaling by this G protein-coupled receptor. This gene is intronless. Different polymorphic forms, point mutations, and/or downregulation of this gene are associated with nocturnal asthma, obesity and type 2 diabetes.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ADRB2 (AA: 302-413) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes beta-2-adrenergic receptor which is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. This receptor is directly associated with one of its ultimate effectors, the class C L-type calcium channel Ca(V)1.2. This receptor-channel complex also contains a G protein, an adenylyl cyclase, cAMP-dependent kinase, and the counterbalancing phosphatase, PP2A. The assembly of the signaling complex provides a mechanism that ensures specific and rapid signaling by this G protein-coupled receptor. This gene is intronless. Different polymorphic forms, point mutations, and/or downregulation of this gene are associated with nocturnal asthma, obesity and type 2 diabetes.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ADRB2 (AA: 302-413) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, which is subdivided into classes and subtypes. The receptors are seven-pass transmembrane proteins that respond to extracellular cues and activate intracellular signal transduction pathways. This protein, an adenosine receptor of A2A subtype, uses adenosine as the preferred endogenous agonist and preferentially interacts with the G(s) and G(olf) family of G proteins to increase intracellular cAMP levels. It plays an important role in many biological functions, such as cardiac rhythm and circulation, cerebral and renal blood flow, immune function, pain regulation, and sleep. It has been implicated in pathophysiological conditions such as inflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A read-through transcript composed of the upstream SPECC1L (sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domains 1-like) and ADORA2A (adenosine A2a receptor) gene sequence has been identified, but it is thought to be non-coding.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ADORA2A (AA: 274-412) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is expressed in adipose tissue exclusively. It encodes a protein with similarity to collagens X and VIII and complement factor C1q. The encoded protein circulates in the plasma and is involved with metabolic and hormonal processes. Mutations in this gene are associated with adiponectin deficiency. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ADIPOQ (AA: 16-154) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene is expressed in adipose tissue exclusively. It encodes a protein with similarity to collagens X and VIII and complement factor C1q. The encoded protein circulates in the plasma and is involved with metabolic and hormonal processes. Mutations in this gene are associated with adiponectin deficiency. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ADIPOQ (AA: 16-154) expressed in E. Coli.
Adducins are a family of cytoskeleton proteins encoded by three genes (alpha, beta, gamma). Adducin is a heterodimeric protein that consists of related subunits, which are produced from distinct genes but share a similar structure. Alpha- and beta-adducin include a protease-resistant N-terminal region and a protease-sensitive, hydrophilic C-terminal region. Alpha- and gamma-adducins are ubiquitously expressed. In contrast, beta-adducin is expressed at high levels in brain and hematopoietic tissues. Adducin binds with high affinity to Ca(2+)/calmodulin and is a substrate for protein kinases A and C. Alternative splicing results in multiple variants encoding distinct isoforms; however, not all variants have been fully described.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ADD1 (AA: 1-193) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for RNA editing by site-specific deamination of adenosines. This enzyme destabilizes double-stranded RNA through conversion of adenosine to inosine. Mutations in this gene have been associated with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ADAR (AA: 1085-1223) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for RNA editing by site-specific deamination of adenosines. This enzyme destabilizes double-stranded RNA through conversion of adenosine to inosine. Mutations in this gene have been associated with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ADAR (AA: 1085-1223) expressed in E. Coli.
ADAP1 (ArfGAP With Dual PH Domains 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are Class I PI3K signaling events and B Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway (sino). GO annotations related to this gene include GTPase activator activity and inositol 1,3,4,5 tetrakisphosphate binding. An important paralog of this gene is ADAP2.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ADAP1 (AA: 240-370) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The protein encoded by this gene contains two disintegrin loops and three C-terminal TS motifs and has anti-angiogenic activity. The expression of this gene may be associated with various inflammatory processes as well as development of cancer cachexia. This gene is likely to be necessary for normal growth, fertility, and organ morphology and function.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ADAMTS1 (AA: 858-960) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif) protein family. Members of the family share several distinct protein modules, including a propeptide region, a metalloproteinase domain, a disintegrin-like domain, and a thrombospondin type 1 (TS) motif. Individual members of this family differ in the number of C-terminal TS motifs, and some have unique C-terminal domains. The protein encoded by this gene contains two disintegrin loops and three C-terminal TS motifs and has anti-angiogenic activity. The expression of this gene may be associated with various inflammatory processes as well as development of cancer cachexia. This gene is likely to be necessary for normal growth, fertility, and organ morphology and function.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ADAMTS1 (AA: 858-960) expressed in E. Coli.
Members of the ADAM family are cell surface proteins with a unique structure possessing both potential adhesion and protease domains. This gene encodes and ADAM family member that cleaves many proteins including TNF-alpha and E-cadherin. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different proteins that may undergo similar processing.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ADAM10 (AA: EXTRA(20-119)) expressed in E. Coli.
Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I ( I and IB) and two type II (II and IIB) receptors. These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with cysteine-rich region, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain with predicted serine/threonine specificity. Type I receptors are essential for signaling; and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a stable complex after ligand binding, resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. This gene encodes activin A type I receptor which signals a particular transcriptional response in concert with activin type II receptors. Mutations in this gene are associated with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ACVR1 (AA: 21-120) expressed in E. Coli.
Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I ( I and IB) and two type II (II and IIB) receptors. These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with cysteine-rich region, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain with predicted serine/threonine specificity. Type I receptors are essential for signaling; and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a stable complex after ligand binding, resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. This gene encodes activin A type I receptor which signals a particular transcriptional response in concert with activin type II receptors. Mutations in this gene are associated with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ACVR1 (AA: 21-120) expressed in E. Coli.
The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined; however, the protein it encodes is known to be a major constituent of the ARP2/3 complex. This complex is located at the cell surface and is essential to cell shape and motility through lamellipodial actin assembly and protrusion. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ACTR3 (AA: 287-418) expressed in E. Coli.
The specific function of this gene has not yet been determined; however, the protein it encodes is known to be a major constituent of the ARP2/3 complex. This complex is located at the cell surface and is essential to cell shape and motility through lamellipodial actin assembly and protrusion. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ACTR3 (AA: 287-418) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein contains a single immunoglobulin (Ig) domain and is a receptor that relays inhibitory signals to suppress the immune response. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BTLA (AA: 179-289) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein contains a single immunoglobulin (Ig) domain and is a receptor that relays inhibitory signals to suppress the immune response. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BTLA (AA: extra 31-157) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein contains a single immunoglobulin (Ig) domain and is a receptor that relays inhibitory signals to suppress the immune response. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BTLA (AA: 179-289) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein contains a single immunoglobulin (Ig) domain and is a receptor that relays inhibitory signals to suppress the immune response. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BTLA (AA: extra 31-157) expressed in HEK293 cells.
Brutons tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a member of the BTK/Tec family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases.All members of the family contain SH3 and SH2 domains and, with the exception of Txk and Dsrc28C, also contain a pleckstrin homology (PH) and a Tec homology (TH) domain in their amino termini.BTK plays an important role in B cell development. Activation of B cells by various ligands is accompanied by BTK membrane translocation mediated by its PH domain binding to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate. The membrane located BTK is active and associated with transient phosphorylation of two tyrosine residues, Tyr551 and Tyr223. Tyr551 in the activation loop is transphosphorylated by the Src family tyrosine kinase, leading to autophosphorylation at Tyr223 within the SH3 domain, which is necessary for full activation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of BTK expressed in E. Coli.
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is used in variety of laboratories products which contain BSA as a stabilizer. BSA could be detected for the indication of remains of chemical derivates from animal products. This antibody is a good reagent that may be used for the development of detection assay in ELISA or western blot to test the remaning BSA for clinical products in Vivo or research products In Vitro.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RecQ DEAH helicase family and interacts with the BRCT repeats of breast cancer, type 1 (BRCA1). The bound complex is important in the normal double-strand break repair function of breast cancer, type 1 (BRCA1). This gene may be a target of germline cancer-inducing mutations.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BRIP1 (AA: 904-986) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the RecQ DEAH helicase family and interacts with the BRCT repeats of breast cancer, type 1 (BRCA1). The bound complex is important in the normal double-strand break repair function of breast cancer, type 1 (BRCA1). This gene may be a target of germline cancer-inducing mutations.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BRIP1 (AA: 904-986) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a transcriptional regulator that belongs to the BET (bromodomains and extra terminal domain) family of proteins. This protein associates with transcription complexes and with acetylated chromatin during mitosis, and it selectively binds to the acetylated lysine-12 residue of histone H4 via its two bromodomains. The gene maps to the major histocompatability complex (MHC) class II region on chromosome 6p21.3, but sequence comparison suggests that the protein is not involved in the immune response. This gene has been implicated in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, a common form of epilepsy that becomes apparent in adolescence. Multiple alternatively spliced variants have been described for this gene.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human BRD2 (AA: 227-364) expressed in E. Coli.
ATG13 (Autophagy Related 13) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are Senescence and Autophagy and mTOR signaling pathway. GO annotations related to this gene include protein kinase binding.;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ATG13 (AA: 339-550) expressed in E. Coli.
Autophagy is a process for the bulk degradation of cytosolic compartments by lysosomes. ATG10 is an E2-like enzyme involved in 2 ubiquitin-like modifications essential for autophagosome formation: ATG12 (MIM 609608)-ATG5 (MIM 604261) conjugation and modification of a soluble form of MAP-LC3 (MAP1LC3A; MIM 601242), a homolog of yeast Apg8, to a membrane-bound form (Nemoto et al., 2003 [PubMed 12890687]).
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ATG10 (AA: 1-125) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a preproprotein that undergoes extensive, tissue-specific, post-translational processing via cleavage by subtilisin-like enzymes known as prohormone convertases. There are eight potential cleavage sites within the preproprotein and, depending on tissue type and the available convertases, processing may yield as many as ten biologically active peptides involved in diverse cellular functions. The encoded protein is synthesized mainly in corticotroph cells of the anterior pituitary where four cleavage sites are used; adrenocorticotrophin, essential for normal steroidogenesis and the maintenance of normal adrenal weight, and lipotropin beta are the major end products. In other tissues, including the hypothalamus, placenta, and epithelium, all cleavage sites may be used, giving rise to peptides with roles in pain and energy homeostasis, melanocyte stimulation, and immune modulation. These include several distinct melanotropins, lipotropins, and endorphins that are contained within the adrenocorticotrophin and beta-lipotropin peptides. The antimicrobial melanotropin alpha peptide exhibits antibacterial and antifungal activity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with early onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency, and red hair pigmentation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ACTH expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a preproprotein that undergoes extensive, tissue-specific, post-translational processing via cleavage by subtilisin-like enzymes known as prohormone convertases. There are eight potential cleavage sites within the preproprotein and, depending on tissue type and the available convertases, processing may yield as many as ten biologically active peptides involved in diverse cellular functions. The encoded protein is synthesized mainly in corticotroph cells of the anterior pituitary where four cleavage sites are used; adrenocorticotrophin, essential for normal steroidogenesis and the maintenance of normal adrenal weight, and lipotropin beta are the major end products. In other tissues, including the hypothalamus, placenta, and epithelium, all cleavage sites may be used, giving rise to peptides with roles in pain and energy homeostasis, melanocyte stimulation, and immune modulation. These include several distinct melanotropins, lipotropins, and endorphins that are contained within the adrenocorticotrophin and beta-lipotropin peptides. The antimicrobial melanotropin alpha peptide exhibits antibacterial and antifungal activity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with early onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency, and red hair pigmentation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ACTH expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the actin family of proteins, which are highly conserved proteins that play a role in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha, beta and gamma actin isoforms have been identified, with alpha actins being a major constituent of the contractile apparatus, while beta and gamma actins are involved in the regulation of cell motility. This actin is an alpha actin that is found in skeletal muscle. Defects in this gene cause aortic aneurysm familial thoracic type 6. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified.
This gene encodes one of six different actin proteins. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure, integrity, and intercellular signaling. The encoded protein is a smooth muscle actin that is involved in vascular contractility and blood pressure homeostasis. Mutations in this gene cause a variety of vascular diseases, such as thoracic aortic disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, and Moyamoya disease, as well as multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ACTA2 (AA: E(ace)EEDSTALVCDNGSGc) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes one of six different actin proteins. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure, integrity, and intercellular signaling. The encoded protein is a smooth muscle actin that is involved in vascular contractility and blood pressure homeostasis. Mutations in this gene cause a variety of vascular diseases, such as thoracic aortic disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, and Moyamoya disease, as well as multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ACTA2 (AA: 2-124) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes one of six different actin proteins. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure, integrity, and intercellular signaling. The encoded protein is a smooth muscle actin that is involved in vascular contractility and blood pressure homeostasis. Mutations in this gene cause a variety of vascular diseases, such as thoracic aortic disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, and Moyamoya disease, as well as multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ACTA2 (AA: E(ace)EEDSTALVCDNGSGc) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes one of six different actin proteins. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure, integrity, and intercellular signaling. The encoded protein is a smooth muscle actin that is involved in vascular contractility and blood pressure homeostasis. Mutations in this gene cause a variety of vascular diseases, such as thoracic aortic disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, and Moyamoya disease, as well as multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ACTA2 (AA: 2-124) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a mitochondrial acetyl-CoA synthetase enzyme. A similar protein in mice plays an important role in the tricarboxylic acid cycle by catalyzing the conversion of acetate to acetyl CoA. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ACSS1 (AA: 548-689) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes a mitochondrial acetyl-CoA synthetase enzyme. A similar protein in mice plays an important role in the tricarboxylic acid cycle by catalyzing the conversion of acetate to acetyl CoA. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ACSS1 (AA: 548-689) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes an iron containing glycoprotein which catalyzes the conversion of orthophosphoric monoester to alcohol and orthophosphate. It is the most basic of the acid phosphatases and is the only form not inhibited by L(+)-tartrate. ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ACP5 (AA: 221-325) expressed in E. Coli.
This gene encodes an iron containing glycoprotein which catalyzes the conversion of orthophosphoric monoester to alcohol and orthophosphate. It is the most basic of the acid phosphatases and is the only form not inhibited by L(+)-tartrate. ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ACP5 (AA: 221-325) expressed in E. Coli.
ATP citrate lyase is the primary enzyme responsible for the synthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA in many tissues. The enzyme is a tetramer (relative molecular weight approximately 440,000) of apparently identical subunits. It catalyzes the formation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate from citrate and CoA with a concomitant hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and phosphate. The product, acetyl-CoA, serves several important biosynthetic pathways, including lipogenesis and cholesterogenesis. In nervous tissue, ATP citrate-lyase may be involved in the biosynthesis of acetylcholine. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. ; ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ACLY (AA: 306-502 ) expressed in E. Coli.
ABL2(ARG, Abelson-related gene) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase which is closely related to but distinct from ABL1. The similarity of the proteins includes the tyrosine kinase domains and extends amino-terminal to include the SH2 and SH3 domains. ABL2 is expressed in both normal and tumor cells. The ABL2 gene product is expressed as two variants bearing different amino termini, both approximately 12-kb in length. c-Abl shows both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization,c-Abl is involved in two different chromosomal translocations present in human leukemias, which generate Bcr-Abl and TEL-Abl.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ABL2 expressed in E. Coli.
ABL2 (ARG, Abl-related gene), together with c-Abl, forms the Abl family of mammalian non-receptor tyrosine kinases. ABL2 and c-Abl share 89%, 90 and 93% identity in their SH3, SH2 and tyrosine domain, but only 29% identity in the carboxy-terminal half. The human c-Abl and ABL2 genes are expressed ubiquitously. ABL2 had been detected predominantly in the cytoplasm, whereas c-Abl shows both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization. c-Abl is involved in two different chromosomal translocations present in human leukemias, which generate Bcr-Abl and TEL-Abl. Recently, TEL-ARG fusion transcripts have also been identified in acute myeloid leukemias (AML). The Abl family kinases may also interact with receptor tyrosine signaling pathways and regulate cellular function such as cell cycle progression, gene transcription and organization of the actin cytoskeletons in neurons.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ABL2 expressed in E. Coli.
ABL1: c-abl oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase. The ABL1 protooncogene encodes a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in processes of cell differentiation, cell division, cell adhesion, and stress response. Activity of c-Abl protein is negatively regulated by its SH3 domain, and deletion of the SH3 domain turns ABL1 into an oncogene. The t(9;22) translocation results in the head-to-tail fusion of the BCR (MIM:151410) and ABL1 genes present in many cases of chronic myelogeneous leukemia. The DNA-binding activity of the ubiquitously expressed ABL1 tyrosine kinase is regulated by CDC2-mediated phosphorylation, suggesting a cell cycle function for ABL1. The ABL1 gene is expressed as either a 6- or 7-kb mRNA transcript, with alternatively spliced first exons spliced to the common exons 2-11.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of ABL1 (aa577-650) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the White subfamily. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a half-transporter to limit intestinal absorption and promote biliary excretion of sterols. It is expressed in a tissue-specific manner in the liver, colon, and intestine. This gene is tandemly arrayed on chromosome 2, in a head-to-head orientation with family member ABCG8. Mutations in this gene may contribute to sterol accumulation and atheroschlerosis, and have been observed in patients with sitosterolemia. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ABCG5 (AA: 306-367) expressed in E. Coli.
The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is included in the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the White subfamily. Alternatively referred to as a breast cancer resistance protein, this protein functions as a xenobiotic transporter which may play a major role in multi-drug resistance. It likely serves as a cellular defense mechanism in response to mitoxantrone and anthracycline exposure. Significant expression of this protein has been observed in the placenta, which may suggest a potential role for this molecule in placenta tissue.Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in placenta. Low expression in small intestine, liver and colon.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ABCG2 expressed in E. Coli.
The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is included in the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the White subfamily. Alternatively referred to as a breast cancer resistance protein, this protein functions as a xenobiotic transporter which may play a major role in multi-drug resistance. It likely serves as a cellular defense mechanism in response to mitoxantrone and anthracycline exposure. Significant expression of this protein has been observed in the placenta, which may suggest a potential role for this molecule in placenta tissue.Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in placenta. Low expression in small intestine, liver and colon.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ABCG2 expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined; however, this protein may play a role in cellular detoxification as a pump for its substrate, organic anions. Alternative splicing results in multiple splice variants encoding different isoforms. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ABCC4 (AA: 631-692) expressed in E. Coli.
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined; however, this protein may play a role in cellular detoxification as a pump for its substrate, organic anions. Alternative splicing results in multiple splice variants encoding different isoforms. ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ABCC4 (AA: 631-692) expressed in E. Coli.
ABCB5 belongs to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily of integral membrane proteins. These proteins participate in ATP-dependent transmembrane transport of structurally diverse molecules ranging from small ions, sugars, and peptides to more complex organic molecules ; ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ABCB5 (AA: 481-674) expressed in E. Coli.
The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance. The protein encoded by this gene is an ATP-dependent drug efflux pump for xenobiotic compounds with broad substrate specificity. It is responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells and often mediates the development of resistance to anticancer drugs. This protein also functions as a transporter in the blood-brain barrier. ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ABCB1 (AA: 632-693) expressed in E. Coli.
The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance. The protein encoded by this gene is an ATP-dependent drug efflux pump for xenobiotic compounds with broad substrate specificity. It is responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells and often mediates the development of resistance to anticancer drugs. This protein also functions as a transporter in the blood-brain barrier. ;
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human ABCB1 (AA: 632-693) expressed in E. Coli.
AAT, also known as SERPINA1; serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 1. It is secreted and is a serine protease inhibitor whose targets include elastase, plasmin, thrombin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and plasminogen activator. Severe Serpin A1 deficiency leads to several clinical complications such as pulmonary emphysema, juvenile hepatisis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human AAT expressed in E. Coli.
A1BG is a plasma glycoprotein of unknown function. It shows sequence similarity to the variable regions of some immunoglobulin supergene family member proteins.A1BG was recently shown to bind cysteine rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP 3) with high affinity, and it has been suggested that A1BG protects against the potentially toxic effects of CRISP 3 in the circulation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of human A1BG expressed in E. Coli.
4E-BP1(eukaryotic translation Initiation Factor 4E Binding Protein 1),also called ELF4EBP1/BP-1/PHAS-I ,which is located on chromosome 8p12, with 118-amino acid protein (about 13kDa). Binding of eIF4EBP1 to eIF4E is reversible and is dependent on the phosphorylation status of eIF4EBP1. Non phosphorylated eIF4EBP1 will bind strongly to eIF4E while(24kDa), the phosphorylated form will not. Akt, TOR, MAP kinase, S6 kinase, and Cdc2 are known kinases capable of inactivating eIF4EBP1 binding to eIF4E by phosphorylating either threonines 35, 45, 69 or serine 64. Although, not all phosphorylation events equally block the eIF4EBP1-eIF4E interaction.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of 4E-BP1 expressed in E. Coli.
4E-BP1(eukaryotic translation Initiation Factor 4E Binding Protein 1),also called ELF4EBP1/BP-1/PHAS-I ,which is located on chromosome 8p12, with 118-amino acid protein (about 13kDa). Binding of eIF4EBP1 to eIF4E is reversible and is dependent on the phosphorylation status of eIF4EBP1. Non phosphorylated eIF4EBP1 will bind strongly to eIF4E while(24kDa), the phosphorylated form will not. Akt, TOR, MAP kinase, S6 kinase, and Cdc2 are known kinases capable of inactivating eIF4EBP1 binding to eIF4E by phosphorylating either threonines 35, 45, 69 or serine 64. Although, not all phosphorylation events equally block the eIF4EBP1-eIF4E interaction.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of 4EBP1 expressed in E. Coli.
4E-BP1(eukaryotic translation Initiation Factor 4E Binding Protein 1),also called ELF4EBP1/BP-1/PHAS-I ,which is located on chromosome 8p12, with 118-amino acid protein (about 13kDa). Binding of eIF4EBP1 to eIF4E is reversible and is dependent on the phosphorylation status of eIF4EBP1. Non phosphorylated eIF4EBP1 will bind strongly to eIF4E while(24kDa), the phosphorylated form will not. Akt, TOR, MAP kinase, S6 kinase, and Cdc2 are known kinases capable of inactivating eIF4EBP1 binding to eIF4E by phosphorylating either threonines 35, 45, 69 or serine 64. Although, not all phosphorylation events equally block the eIF4EBP1-eIF4E interaction.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
4°C -20°C for long term storage
Host Animal:
mouse
Immunogen:
Purified recombinant fragment of 4EBP1 expressed in E. Coli.
The NSR Prestained Protein Ladder is a three colour protein standard with 13 prestained proteins covering molecular weights from 3.5 to 245 kilodaltons. It has been designed for use in most general applications for a protein ladder with a broad range of protein sizes, key reference bands and excellent Western transfer efficiency (tested with PVDF, nylon and nitrocellulose membranes).
Background Info:
Most of the proteins are covalently coupled with a blue chromophore apart from two reference bands, one stained red at 75 kDa and one stained green at 25 kDa for easy reading of the ladder and to aid in the monitoring of protein separation.
The NSR Prestained Protein Ladder is supplied ready to use in gel loading buffer.
PLEASE E-MAIL US TO REQUEST A FREE SAMPLE.
Arrange for our Protein ladder to be in your stores and receive a free vial. Email us for more details - tech@nktscientific.com.
Product Type:
NS Reagents Protein Ladder
Format:
Buffer: 20 mM Tris-phosphate, pH 7.5, 2% SDS, 0.2 mM Dithiothreitol, 3.6 M Urea, 15 % (v/v) Glycerol.
Storage Temp:
Store at 25°C, for 2 weeks or 4°C for 3 months. For long-term storage, store at -20°C.
The shelf life is 1 year from receipt when stored frozen, however the NSR Prestained Protein Ladder should be stable for many years if stored frozen and excessive freeze thaw cycles are avoided.
The fragments in our 50bp ladder range from 50-1,500 base pairs, with the 200, 500 and 1,200 base pair bands having increased intensity to act as key reference points. There are 17 bands in total.
The expected mass of DNA in each band (based on a total of 0.56 ug in a 5ul load) is provided for approximating the mass of DNA in sample bands of a similar size.
Our DNA ladders are a combination of a plasmid digested DNA and PCR products, providing precise fragments.
PLEASE E-MAIL US TO REQUEST A FREE SAMPLE. .
Arrange for our DNA ladders to be in your stores and receive 5 vials of any of our DNA ladders for free. Email us for more details - tech@nktscientific.com.
Background Info:
Our 50bp ladder is provided ready to use with orange G as the tracking dye.
Product Type:
NS Reagents DNA Ladder
Format:
Buffer: 10mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) and 10mM EDTA
Storage Temp:
Store at 25°C, for 6 months or 4°C for a year. For long-term storage, store at -20°C.
The fragments in our 50bp ladder range from 50-1,500 base pairs, with the 200, 500 and 1,200 base pair bands having increased intensity to act as key reference points. There are 17 bands in total.
The expected mass of DNA in each band (based on a total of 0.56 ug in a 5ul load) is provided for approximating the mass of DNA in sample bands of a similar size.
Our DNA ladders are a combination of a plasmid digested DNA and PCR products, providing precise fragments.
PLEASE E-MAIL US TO REQUEST A FREE SAMPLE. .
Arrange for our DNA ladders to be in your stores and receive 5 vials of any of our DNA ladders for free. Email us for more details - tech@nktscientific.com.
Background Info:
Our 50bp ladder is provided ready to use with orange G as the tracking dye.
Product Type:
NS Reagents DNA Ladder
Format:
Buffer: 10mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) and 10mM EDTA
Storage Temp:
Store at 25°C, for 6 months or 4°C for a year. For long-term storage, store at -20°C.
The fragments in our 1Kbp ladder range from 250-10,000 base pairs, with the 1K and 3K base pair bands having increased intensity to act as key reference points. There are 13 bands in total.
The expected mass of DNA in each band (based on a total of 0.5 ug in a 5ul load) is provided for approximating the mass of DNA in sample bands of a similar size.
Our DNA ladders are a combination of a plasmid digested DNA and PCR products, providing precise fragments.
PLEASE E-MAIL US TO REQUEST A FREE SAMPLE. .
Arrange for our DNA ladders to be in your stores and receive 5 vials of any of our DNA ladders for free. Email us for more details - tech@nktscientific.com.
Background Info:
Our 1Kbp ladder is provided ready to use with bromophenol blue & xylene cyanol FF included as tracking dyes.
Product Type:
NS Reagents DNA Ladder
Format:
Buffer: 10mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) and 10mM EDTA
Storage Temp:
Store at 25°C, for 6 months or 4°C for a year. For long-term storage, store at -20°C.
The fragments in our 1Kbp ladder range from 250-10,000 base pairs, with the 1K and 3K base pair bands having increased intensity to act as key reference points. There are 13 bands in total.
The expected mass of DNA in each band (based on a total of 0.5 ug in a 5ul load) is provided for approximating the mass of DNA in sample bands of a similar size.
Our DNA ladders are a combination of a plasmid digested DNA and PCR products, providing precise fragments.
PLEASE E-MAIL US TO REQUEST A FREE SAMPLE.
Arrange for our DNA ladders to be in your stores and receive 5 vials of any of our DNA ladders for free. Email us for more details - tech@nktscientific.com.
Background Info:
Our 1Kbp ladder is provided ready to use with bromophenol blue & xylene cyanol FF included as tracking dyes.
Product Type:
NS Reagents DNA Ladder
Format:
Buffer: 10mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) and 10mM EDTA
Storage Temp:
Store at 25°C, for 6 months or 4°C for a year. For long-term storage, store at -20°C.
The fragments in our 100bp ladder range from 100-1,500 base pairs, with the 500 and 1,500 base pair bands having increased intensity to act as key reference points. There are 11 bands in total.
The expected mass of DNA in each band (based on a total of 0.5 ug in a 5ul load) is provided for approximating the mass of DNA in sample bands of a similar size.
Our DNA ladders are a combination of a plasmid digested DNA and PCR products, providing precise fragments.
PLEASE E-MAIL US TO REQUEST A FREE SAMPLE. .
Arrange for our DNA ladders to be in your stores and receive 5 vials of any of our DNA ladders for free. Email us for more details - tech@nktscientific.com.
Background Info:
Our 100bp ladder is provided ready to use with orange G & xylene cyanol FF included as tracking dyes.
Product Type:
NS Reagents DNA Ladder
Format:
Buffer: 10mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) and 10mM EDTA
Storage Temp:
Store at 25°C, for 6 months or 4°C for a year. For long-term storage, store at -20°C.
The fragments in our 100bp ladder range from 100-1,500 base pairs, with the 500 and 1,500 base pair bands having increased intensity to act as key reference points. There are 11 bands in total.
The expected mass of DNA in each band (based on a total of 0.5 ug in a 5ul load) is provided for approximating the mass of DNA in sample bands of a similar size.
Our DNA ladders are a combination of a plasmid digested DNA and PCR products, providing precise fragments.
PLEASE E-MAIL US TO REQUEST A FREE SAMPLE.
Arrange for our DNA ladders to be in your stores and receive 5 vials of any of our DNA ladders for free. Email us for more details - tech@nktscientific.com.
Background Info:
Our 100bp ladder is provided ready to use with orange G & xylene cyanol FF included as tracking dyes.
Product Type:
NS Reagents DNA Ladder
Format:
Buffer: 10mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) and 10mM EDTA
Storage Temp:
Store at 25°C, for 6 months or 4°C for a year. For long-term storage, store at -20°C.
Phospholipase C-gamma2 (PLCG2) PLCG2 is an enzyme mainly expressed in immune cells (including microglia) which are involved in innate immunity. It is involved in the transmembrane transduction of immune signals that determine the fate and function of various immune cell types.
PLCG2 has higher expression levels in pathologically afected brain regions in Alzheimers disease indicating that the immune system may play a key role in the development of Alzheimers disease and a polymorphism in phospholipase C-gamma 2 (PLCG2) has been reported to be protective against late onset Alzheimers disease (LOAD) [1].
Product Type:
NS Reagents Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal Antibody
Format:
50 µg in 50 µl Buffer: PBS with 0.03% Proclin300, 50% glycerol, pH7.3.
Storage Temp:
Store at -20°C. Avoid freeze / thaw cycles.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse, Rat
Expected Species:
Cat, Dog, Chimpanzee, Pig, Bovine
Immunogen:
Partial length recombinant human PLCG2 from the N-terminal region
If you would like further information regarding the immunogen used in the production of this antibody or have a query about if this antibody will bind to your protein/species please contact us and we can do the analysis for you.
[1] Sims R, van der Lee SJ, Naj AC, Bellenguez C, Badarinarayan N, Jakobsdottir J et al (2017) Rare coding variants in PLCG2, ABI3, and TREM2 implicate microglial-mediated innate immunity in Alzheimers disease. Nat Genet 49:13731384.
Phospholipase C-gamma2 (PLCG2) PLCG2 is an enzyme mainly expressed in immune cells (including microglia) which are involved in innate immunity. It is involved in the transmembrane transduction of immune signals that determine the fate and function of various immune cell types.
PLCG2 has higher expression levels in pathologically afected brain regions in Alzheimers disease indicating that the immune system may play a key role in the development of Alzheimers disease and a polymorphism in phospholipase C-gamma 2 (PLCG2) has been reported to be protective against late onset Alzheimers disease (LOAD) [1].
Product Type:
NS Reagents Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal Antibody
Format:
100 µg in 100 µl Buffer: PBS with 0.03% Proclin300, 50% glycerol, pH7.3.
Storage Temp:
Store at -20°C. Avoid freeze / thaw cycles.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse, Rat
Expected Species:
Cat, Dog, Chimpanzee, Pig, Bovine
Immunogen:
Partial length recombinant human PLCG2 from the N-terminal region
If you would like further information regarding the immunogen used in the production of this antibody or have a query about if this antibody will bind to your protein/species please contact us and we can do the analysis for you.
[1] Sims R, van der Lee SJ, Naj AC, Bellenguez C, Badarinarayan N, Jakobsdottir J et al (2017) Rare coding variants in PLCG2, ABI3, and TREM2 implicate microglial-mediated innate immunity in Alzheimers disease. Nat Genet 49:13731384.
Histamine is an important messenger molecule and neuromodulator with four known G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), H1, H2, H3 and H4. Histamine receptor H3 (HRH3) is a presynaptic autoreceptor that regulates histamine release from histaminergic neurons via negative feedback [1] as well as a heteroreceptor that regulates the release of other neurotransmitters [2,3,4]. It is also expressed postsynaptically in the modulation of dopamine signalling.
HRH3 is expressed predominantly in the cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and basal ganglia. Dysregulated central histaminergic signalling has been associated with a number of psychiatric disorders including sleep disorders, ADHD, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.
Product Type:
NS Reagents Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal Antibody
Format:
50 µg in 50 µl Buffer: PBS with 0.03% Proclin300, 50% glycerol, pH7.3.
Storage Temp:
Store at -20°C. Avoid freeze / thaw cycles.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse, Rat
Expected Species:
Guinae Pig, Cat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide from the C-terminal region of human HRH3
If you would like further information regarding the immunogen used in the production of this antibody or have a query about whether this antibody will bind to your protein/species please contact us and we can do the analysis for you.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
WB 1:2000-5000. IHC 1:10-100.
Category:
Primary Antibodies
Other names:
HH3R, G-protein coupled receptor 97, GPCR97, H3R
Research Areas:
Neuroscience
NS Reagents Product Area:
Neuroscience
Molecular Weight:
49kDa
Subcellular location:
Plasma Membrane
Purification:
Affinity purification
References:
[1] Morisset S, Rouleau A, Ligneau X, Gbahou F, Tardivel-Lacombe J, Stark H, Schunack W, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Arrang JM. High constitutive activity of native H3 receptors regulates histamine neurons in brain. Nature. 2000; 408:860-4. [2] Schlicker E, Betz R, Gothert M. Histamine H3 receptor-mediated inhibition of serotonin release in the rat brain cortex. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1988; 337:588-90. [3] Schlicker E, Fink K, Hinterthaner M, Gothert M. Inhibition of noradrenaline release in the rat brain cortex via presynaptic H3 receptors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1989; 340:633-8. [4] Schlicker E, Fink K, Detzner M, Gothert M. Histamine inhibits dopamine release in the mouse striatum via presynaptic H3 receptors. J Neural Transm Gen Sect. 1993; 93:1-10.
Histamine is an important messenger molecule and neuromodulator with four known G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), H1, H2, H3 and H4. Histamine receptor H3 (HRH3) is a presynaptic autoreceptor that regulates histamine release from histaminergic neurons via negative feedback [1] as well as a heteroreceptor that regulates the release of other neurotransmitters [2,3,4]. It is also expressed postsynaptically in the modulation of dopamine signalling.
HRH3 is expressed predominantly in the cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and basal ganglia. Dysregulated central histaminergic signalling has been associated with a number of psychiatric disorders including sleep disorders, ADHD, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.
Product Type:
NS Reagents Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal Antibody
Format:
100 µg in 100 µl Buffer: PBS with 0.03% Proclin300, 50% glycerol, pH7.3.
Storage Temp:
Store at -20°C. Avoid freeze / thaw cycles.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse, Rat
Expected Species:
Guinae Pig, Cat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide from the C-terminal region of human HRH3
If you would like further information regarding the immunogen used in the production of this antibody or have a query about whether this antibody will bind to your protein/species please contact us and we can do the analysis for you.
[1] Morisset S, Rouleau A, Ligneau X, Gbahou F, Tardivel-Lacombe J, Stark H, Schunack W, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Arrang JM. High constitutive activity of native H3 receptors regulates histamine neurons in brain. Nature. 2000; 408:860-4. [2] Schlicker E, Betz R, Gothert M. Histamine H3 receptor-mediated inhibition of serotonin release in the rat brain cortex. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1988; 337:588-90. [3] Schlicker E, Fink K, Hinterthaner M, Gothert M. Inhibition of noradrenaline release in the rat brain cortex via presynaptic H3 receptors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1989; 340:633-8. [4] Schlicker E, Fink K, Detzner M, Gothert M. Histamine inhibits dopamine release in the mouse striatum via presynaptic H3 receptors. J Neural Transm Gen Sect. 1993; 93:1-10.
CD38 is a widely expressed 45 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein with a short cytoplasmic tail (aa 121), a transmembrane domain (aa 2242) and an extracellular domain (aa 43300) [1]. It is a multifunctional ectoenzyme catalysing multiple reactions and also has a role in signal transduction and calcium signaling.
In the brain CD38 is expressed in neurons, astrocytes and microglial cells and expression was found to increase under neuroinflammatory conditions indicating that it may have a role in the regulation of neuroinflammation. In Alzheimers disease, CD38 immunoreactivity is seen in intracellular tangles and neuropil threads [2].
Product Type:
NS Reagents Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal Antibody
Format:
50 µg in 50 µl Buffer: PBS with 0.03% Proclin300, 50% glycerol, pH7.3.
Storage Temp:
Store at -20°C. Avoid freeze / thaw cycles.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human, Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide from the C-terminal region of human CD38
If you would like further information regarding the immunogen used in the production of this antibody or have a query about whether this antibody will bind to your protein/species please contact us and we can do the analysis for you.
[1] Malavasi, F.; Deaglio, S.; Funaro, A.; Ferrero, E.; Horenstein, A.L.; Ortolan, E.; Vaisitti, T.; Aydin, S. Evolution and Function of the ADP Ribosyl Cyclase/CD38 Gene Family in Physiology and Pathology. Physiol. Rev. 2008, 88, 841886. [2] Otsuka K., Mizuguchi M., Aizawa T., Haga S., Sato M., Inoya H., Namba Y., Machinami R. Immunoreactivity in Alzheimers neurofibrillary tangles (abstract) Brain Pathol. 1994;4:558.
CD38 is a widely expressed 45 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein with a short cytoplasmic tail (aa 121), a transmembrane domain (aa 2242) and an extracellular domain (aa 43300) [1]. It is a multifunctional ectoenzyme catalysing multiple reactions and also has a role in signal transduction and calcium signaling.
In the brain CD38 is expressed in neurons, astrocytes and microglial cells and expression was found to increase under neuroinflammatory conditions indicating that it may have a role in the regulation of neuroinflammation. In Alzheimers disease, CD38 immunoreactivity is seen in intracellular tangles and neuropil threads [2].
Product Type:
NS Reagents Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal Antibody
Format:
100 µg in 100 µl Buffer: PBS with 0.03% Proclin300, 50% glycerol, pH7.3.
Storage Temp:
Store at -20°C. Avoid freeze / thaw cycles.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human, Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide from the C-terminal region of human CD38
If you would like further information regarding the immunogen used in the production of this antibody or have a query about whether this antibody will bind to your protein/species please contact us and we can do the analysis for you.
[1] Malavasi, F.; Deaglio, S.; Funaro, A.; Ferrero, E.; Horenstein, A.L.; Ortolan, E.; Vaisitti, T.; Aydin, S. Evolution and Function of the ADP Ribosyl Cyclase/CD38 Gene Family in Physiology and Pathology. Physiol. Rev. 2008, 88, 841886. [2] Otsuka K., Mizuguchi M., Aizawa T., Haga S., Sato M., Inoya H., Namba Y., Machinami R. Immunoreactivity in Alzheimers neurofibrillary tangles (abstract) Brain Pathol. 1994;4:558.
TREM2 (Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) is a cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein with an immunoglobulin like extracellular domain and a cytoplasmic tail [1]. It is expressed in myeloid cells including dendritic cells, granulocytes, and tissue-specific macrophages such as osteoclasts. In the brain, TREM2 is only expressed by microglia and in the central nervous system expression of TREM2 varies with higher expression in the hippocampus, spinal cord and white matter.
TREM2 plays a complex role in neuroinflammation with expression of TREM2 being upregulated in pathological conditions such as Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), stroke, traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's Disease [2]. TREM2 has also been shown to have a role in potential mechanisms linking urban air pollution to Alzheimer's Disease through its involvement in the regulation of neuroinflammation [3].
Product Type:
NS Reagents Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
50 µg in 50 µl PBS with 0.03% Proclin300, 50% glycerol, pH7.3.
If you would like us to check if this antibody is likely to bind to this protein from a different species please contact us. We are happy to check for you.
Immunogen:
KLH conjugated synthetic peptide from the N-terminal region of human TREM2
If you would like further information regarding the immunogen used in the production of this antibody or have a query about whether this antibody will bind to your protein/species please contact us and we can do the analysis for you.
TREM-2, TREM2a, TREM2b, TREM2c, Trggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, Trggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2a, Triggering receptor expressed on monocytes 2
Research Areas:
Neuroscience
NS Reagents Product Area:
Neuroscience
Molecular Weight:
25kDa (Intended as a general guide and does not allow for all isoforms and species variations)
Subcellular location:
Cell membrane, Secreted
Purification:
Affinity purification
References:
[1] Bouchon A, Dietrich J, Colonna M. Cutting edge: inflammatory responses can be triggered by TREM-1, a novel receptor expressed on neutrophils and monocytes. J Immunol. 2000;164:49915.
[2] Gratuze, M., Leyns, C.E.G. & Holtzman, D.M. New insights into the role of TREM2 in Alzheimers disease. Mol Neurodegeneration 13, 66 (2018).
[3] Hendrik J. Greve, Christen L. Mumaw, Evan J. Messenger, Prasada R. S. Kodavanti, Joyce L. Royland, Urmila P. Kodavanti and Michelle L. Block. Diesel exhaust impairs TREM2 to dysregulate neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation. 2020; 17: 351.
TREM2 (Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) is a cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein with an immunoglobulin like extracellular domain and a cytoplasmic tail [1]. It is expressed in myeloid cells including dendritic cells, granulocytes, and tissue-specific macrophages such as osteoclasts. In the brain, TREM2 is only expressed by microglia and in the central nervous system expression of TREM2 varies with higher expression in the hippocampus, spinal cord and white matter.
TREM2 plays a complex role in neuroinflammation with expression of TREM2 being upregulated in pathological conditions such as Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), stroke, traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's Disease [2]. TREM2 has also been shown to have a role in potential mechanisms linking urban air pollution to Alzheimer's Disease through its involvement in the regulation of neuroinflammation [3].
Product Type:
NS Reagents Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
100 µg in 100 µl PBS with 0.03% Proclin300, 50% glycerol, pH7.3.
If you would like us to check if this antibody is likely to bind to this protein from a different species please contact us. We are happy to check for you.
Immunogen:
KLH conjugated synthetic peptide from the N-terminal region of human TREM2
If you would like further information regarding the immunogen used in the production of this antibody or have a query about whether this antibody will bind to your protein/species please contact us and we can do the analysis for you.
TREM-2, TREM2a, TREM2b, TREM2c, Trggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, Trggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2a, Triggering receptor expressed on monocytes 2
Research Areas:
Neuroscience
NS Reagents Product Area:
Neuroscience
Molecular Weight:
25kDa (Intended as a general guide and does not allow for all isoforms and species variations)
Subcellular location:
Cell membrane, Secreted
Purification:
Affinity purification
References:
[1] Bouchon A, Dietrich J, Colonna M. Cutting edge: inflammatory responses can be triggered by TREM-1, a novel receptor expressed on neutrophils and monocytes. J Immunol. 2000;164:49915.
[2] Gratuze, M., Leyns, C.E.G. & Holtzman, D.M. New insights into the role of TREM2 in Alzheimers disease. Mol Neurodegeneration 13, 66 (2018).
[3] Hendrik J. Greve, Christen L. Mumaw, Evan J. Messenger, Prasada R. S. Kodavanti, Joyce L. Royland, Urmila P. Kodavanti and Michelle L. Block. Diesel exhaust impairs TREM2 to dysregulate neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation. 2020; 17: 351.
Lysosomal acid glucosylceramidase (GBA or Glucocerebrosidase) is the lysosomal hydrolase that hydrolyzes glucosylceramide (GC) and glucosylsphingosine (GS) to ceramide and sphingosine. It is a 536-amino-acid membrane-associated protein with a 39-amino-acid leader sequence that is cleaved to produce a 497-amino-acid mature protein.
Mutations in the GBA gene cause Gaucher disease, a lysosomal storage disease characterised by an accumulation of glucocerebrosides. Patients with Gaucher disease and heterozygous carriers are at increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies.
Product Type:
NS Reagents Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
50 µg in 50 µl PBS with 0.02% sodium azide, 50% glycerol, pH7.3.
If you would like further information regarding the immunogen used in the production of this antibody or have a query about whether this antibody will bind to your protein/species please contact us and we can do the analysis for you.
Lysosomal acid glucosylceramidase (GBA or Glucocerebrosidase) is the lysosomal hydrolase that hydrolyzes glucosylceramide (GC) and glucosylsphingosine (GS) to ceramide and sphingosine. It is a 536-amino-acid membrane-associated protein with a 39-amino-acid leader sequence that is cleaved to produce a 497-amino-acid mature protein.
Mutations in the GBA gene cause Gaucher disease, a lysosomal storage disease characterised by an accumulation of glucocerebrosides. Patients with Gaucher disease and heterozygous carriers are at increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies.
Product Type:
NS Reagents Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
100 µg in 100 µl PBS with 0.02% sodium azide, 50% glycerol, pH7.3.
If you would like further information regarding the immunogen used in the production of this antibody or have a query about whether this antibody will bind to your protein/species please contact us and we can do the analysis for you.
Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is one of three superoxide dismutases with SOD1 being the principal cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase in humans. It binds copper and zinc ions for its activity and stability and plays a major role in redox potential regulation. It catalyses the transformation of the superoxide anion (O2?) into hydrogen peroxide. SOD1 variants are a common cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Product Type:
NS Reagents Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
50 µg in 50 µl PBS with 0.02% sodium azide, 50% glycerol, pH7.3.
If you would like us to check if this antibody is likely to bind to this protein from a different species please contact us. We are happy to check for you.
If you would like further information regarding the immunogen used in the production of this antibody or have a query about whether this antibody will bind to your protein/species please contact us and we can do the analysis for you.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
WB 1:500-2000. IHC 1:50-200.
Category:
Primary Antibodies
Other names:
ALS, ALS1, HEL-S-44, IPOA, SOD, hSod1, homodimer
Research Areas:
Neuroscience
NS Reagents Product Area:
Neuroscience
Molecular Weight:
16kDa (Intended as a general guide and does not allow for all isoforms and species variations)
Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is one of three superoxide dismutases with SOD1 being the principal cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase in humans. It binds copper and zinc ions for its activity and stability and plays a major role in redox potential regulation. It catalyses the transformation of the superoxide anion (O2?) into hydrogen peroxide. SOD1 variants are a common cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Product Type:
NS Reagents Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
100 µg in 100 µl PBS with 0.02% sodium azide, 50% glycerol, pH7.3.
If you would like us to check if this antibody is likely to bind to this protein from a different species please contact us. We are happy to check for you.
If you would like further information regarding the immunogen used in the production of this antibody or have a query about whether this antibody will bind to your protein/species please contact us and we can do the analysis for you.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
WB 1:500-2000. IHC 1:50-200.
Category:
Primary Antibodies
Other names:
ALS, ALS1, HEL-S-44, IPOA, SOD, hSod1, homodimer
Research Areas:
Neuroscience
NS Reagents Product Area:
Neuroscience
Molecular Weight:
16kDa (Intended as a general guide and does not allow for all isoforms and species variations)
The 5-HT 2A Receptor Antibody was raised against a multiple antigenic peptide of an N-terminal synthetic sequence corresponding to amino acids 22-41 of rat 5HT2A receptor. The antibody is provided as 100 uL of affinity purified serum in PBS (0.02 M sodium phosphate with 0.15 M sodium chloride, pH 7.5) with 1% BSA (bovine serum albumin), and 0.02% sodium azide. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat cortex, amygdala and hippocampus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/300 - 1/500 in PBS/0.03% Triton X-100 - Bn/Av-HRP Technique. The addition of intensifying reagents such as nickel ammonium sulfate to the chromogen solution will approximately double the dilution factor as recommended. Immunolabeling is completely abolished by preadsorption with synthetic rat 5HT2A receptor (22-41). Immunolabeling of Western blot revealed a single band of approximately 53kD.
Vimentin is the major subunit protein of the intermediate filaments of mesenchymal cells. It is believed to be involved with the intracellular transport of proteins between the nucleus and plasma membrane. Vimentin has been implicated to be involved in the rate of steroid synthesis via its role as a storage network for steroidogenic cholesterol containing lipid droplets. Vimentin phosphorylation by a protein kinase causes the breakdown of intermediate filaments and activation of an ATP and myosin light chain dependent contractile event. This results in cytoskeletal changes that facilitate the interaction of the lipid droplets within mitochondria, and subsequent transport of cholesterol to the organelles leading to an increase in steroid synthesis. Immunohistochemical staining for Vimentin is characteristic of sarcomas (of neural, muscle and fibroblast origin) compared to carcinomas which are generally negative. Melanomas, lymphomas and vascular tumors may all stain for Vimentin. Vimentin antibodies are thus of value in the differential diagnosis of undifferentiated neoplasms and malignant tumors. They are generally used with a panel of other antibodies including those recognising cytokeratins, lymphoid markers, S100, desmin and neurofilaments.
Vimentin is the major subunit protein of the intermediate filaments of mesenchymal cells. It is believed to be involved with the intracellular transport of proteins between the nucleus and plasma membrane. Vimentin has been implicated to be involved in the rate of steroid synthesis via its role as a storage network for steroidogenic cholesterol containing lipid droplets. Vimentin phosphorylation by a protein kinase causes the breakdown of intermediate filaments and activation of an ATP and myosin light chain dependent contractile event. This results in cytoskeletal changes that facilitate the interaction of the lipid droplets within mitochondria, and subsequent transport of cholesterol to the organelles leading to an increase in steroid synthesis. Immunohistochemical staining for Vimentin is characteristic of sarcomas (of neural, muscle and fibroblast origin) compared to carcinomas which are generally negative. Melanomas, lymphomas and vascular tumors may all stain for Vimentin. Vimentin antibodies are thus of value in the differential diagnosis of undifferentiated neoplasms and malignant tumors. They are generally used with a panel of other antibodies including those recognising cytokeratins, lymphoid markers, S100, desmin and neurofilaments.
Thyroid transcription factor, also called thyroid specific enhancer binding nuclear protein (38 kDa), that regulates transcription activity of thyroid (thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, sodium-iodide transport protein, calcitonin and MHC class I) and lung (surfactant proteins A, B and C, Clara cell secretory protein). The expression of TTF1 is confined to follicular epithelial cells and the C-cells in the thyroid, and to the type II pneumocytes and the Clara cells in the lung. In tumor diagnostics TTF1 distinguish primary (TTF+) vs. metastatic (usually TTF1-) lung carcinoma (LCa), pulmonary adenoca (TTF1+) from squamous cell Ca (usually TTF1 -), pleural lung Ca (TTF1+) vs.mesothelioma (TTF1 - ) and pulmonary small cell Ca (TTF1+) vs. Mercel cell Ca (TTF - ). Mucinous lung adeno ca is usually TTF1 negative.
Thyroid transcription factor, also called thyroid specific enhancer binding nuclear protein (38 kDa), that regulates transcription activity of thyroid (thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, sodium-iodide transport protein, calcitonin and MHC class I) and lung (surfactant proteins A, B and C, Clara cell secretory protein). The expression of TTF1 is confined to follicular epithelial cells and the C-cells in the thyroid, and to the type II pneumocytes and the Clara cells in the lung. In tumor diagnostics TTF1 distinguish primary (TTF+) vs. metastatic (usually TTF1-) lung carcinoma (LCa), pulmonary adenoca (TTF1+) from squamous cell Ca (usually TTF1 -), pleural lung Ca (TTF1+) vs.mesothelioma (TTF1 - ) and pulmonary small cell Ca (TTF1+) vs. Mercel cell Ca (TTF - ). Mucinous lung adeno ca is usually TTF1 negative.
Synaptophysin (p38) is an integral membrane protein of small synaptic vesicles in brain and endocrine cells.Synaptophysin contains four transmembrane domains that form a hexameric channel or gap junction-like pore. Synaptophysin binds to the SNARE protein synaptobrevin/VAMP, which prevents the inclusion of synaptobrevin in the synaptic vesicle fusion complex and creates a pool of synaptobrevin for exocytosis when synapse activity increases. Synaptophysin is also responsible for targeting synaptobrevin 2/VAMP2 to synaptic vesicles, a critical component of the fusion complex.
Synaptophysin (p38) is an integral membrane protein of small synaptic vesicles in brain and endocrine cells.Synaptophysin contains four transmembrane domains that form a hexameric channel or gap junction-like pore. Synaptophysin binds to the SNARE protein synaptobrevin/VAMP, which prevents the inclusion of synaptobrevin in the synaptic vesicle fusion complex and creates a pool of synaptobrevin for exocytosis when synapse activity increases. Synaptophysin is also responsible for targeting synaptobrevin 2/VAMP2 to synaptic vesicles, a critical component of the fusion complex.
SOX2 is a transcription factor which is a member of SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) family. It has a role in the regulation of embryonic development and pluripotency of stem cells. It can be useful especially in lung squamous cell carcinoma diagnostic with panel of other relative markers of squamous carcinoma like P63/P40 and CK5/CK14 for example.
SOX2 is a transcription factor which is a member of SRY-related HMG-box (SOX) family. It has a role in the regulation of embryonic development and pluripotency of stem cells. It can be useful especially in lung squamous cell carcinoma diagnostic with panel of other relative markers of squamous carcinoma like P63/P40 and CK5/CK14 for example.
This gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional activator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. This protein acts as a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein and is important for neural crest and peripheral nervous system development. SOX10 is important and sensitive marker of melanoma especially for spindle cell and desmoplastic melanomas and schwannian neoplasms.
This gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional activator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. This protein acts as a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein and is important for neural crest and peripheral nervous system development. SOX10 is important and sensitive marker of melanoma especially for spindle cell and desmoplastic melanomas and schwannian neoplasms.
The preproprotein encoded by this gene. Somatostatin is expressed throughout the body and inhibits the release of numerous secondary hormones by binding to high-affinity G-protein-coupled somatostatin receptors. This hormone is an important regulator of the endocrine system through its interactions with pituitary growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and most hormones of the gastrointestinal tract. Somatostatin also affects rates of neurotransmission in the central nervous system and proliferation of both normal and tumorigenic cells.
The preproprotein encoded by this gene. Somatostatin is expressed throughout the body and inhibits the release of numerous secondary hormones by binding to high-affinity G-protein-coupled somatostatin receptors. This hormone is an important regulator of the endocrine system through its interactions with pituitary growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and most hormones of the gastrointestinal tract. Somatostatin also affects rates of neurotransmission in the central nervous system and proliferation of both normal and tumorigenic cells.
Phosphohistone H3 (Ser10) (PHH3) is a histone protein, which complexes with the other histones to form the major constituents of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Phosphorylation of serine 10 amino acid residues in histone H3 occurs only during mitosis late G2 phase. PHH3 is a useful marker for mitoses in several types of tumors and it is useful for identifying mitotic figures in tumors accurately.
Phosphohistone H3 (Ser10) (PHH3) is a histone protein, which complexes with the other histones to form the major constituents of chromatin in eukaryotic cells. Phosphorylation of serine 10 amino acid residues in histone H3 occurs only during mitosis late G2 phase. PHH3 is a useful marker for mitoses in several types of tumors and it is useful for identifying mitotic figures in tumors accurately.
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1, CD274) is a type 1 transmembrane protein with role in the regulation of cellular immune responses. PDL1 and its receptor PD-1, interacts and regulating T lymphocyte activation and immune tolerance. Blockade of PD-L1/PD-1 interaction, it enhances the antitumor activity of T lymphocytes. PDL1 is commonly expressed in many tissues and cells, eg. placenta, tonsil and histiocytes. It over expressed in many human tumors such as non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), melanoma, DLBCL, and different kind of carcinomas. The staining pattern is membranous.
Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1, CD274) is a type 1 transmembrane protein with role in the regulation of cellular immune responses. PDL1 and its receptor PD-1, interacts and regulating T lymphocyte activation and immune tolerance. Blockade of PD-L1/PD-1 interaction, it enhances the antitumor activity of T lymphocytes. PDL1 is commonly expressed in many tissues and cells, eg. placenta, tonsil and histiocytes. It over expressed in many human tumors such as non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), melanoma, DLBCL, and different kind of carcinomas. The staining pattern is membranous.
This gene encodes a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. The central feature of this gene family is a novel, highly conserved DNA-binding motif, known as the paired box. PAX proteins are important regulators in early development, and alterations in the expression of their genes are thought to contribute to neoplastic transformation. This gene encodes the B-cell lineage specific activator protein that is expressed at early, but not late stages of B-cell differentiation. Its expression has also been detected in developing CNS and testis and so the encoded protein may also play a role in neural development and spermatogenesis. This gene is located at 9p13, which is involved in t(9;14)(p13;q32) translocations recurring in small lymphocytic lymphomas of the plasmacytoid subtype, and in derived large-cell lymphomas. This translocation brings the potent E-mu enhancer of the IgH gene into close proximity of the PAX5 promoter, suggesting that the deregulation of transcription of this gene contributes to the pathogenesis of these lymphomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described but their biological validity has not been determined.
This gene encodes a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. The central feature of this gene family is a novel, highly conserved DNA-binding motif, known as the paired box. PAX proteins are important regulators in early development, and alterations in the expression of their genes are thought to contribute to neoplastic transformation. This gene encodes the B-cell lineage specific activator protein that is expressed at early, but not late stages of B-cell differentiation. Its expression has also been detected in developing CNS and testis and so the encoded protein may also play a role in neural development and spermatogenesis. This gene is located at 9p13, which is involved in t(9;14)(p13;q32) translocations recurring in small lymphocytic lymphomas of the plasmacytoid subtype, and in derived large-cell lymphomas. This translocation brings the potent E-mu enhancer of the IgH gene into close proximity of the PAX5 promoter, suggesting that the deregulation of transcription of this gene contributes to the pathogenesis of these lymphomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described but their biological validity has not been determined.
This gene encodes a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. The central feature of this gene family is a novel, highly conserved DNA-binding motif, known as the paired box. PAX proteins are important regulators in early development, and alterations in the expression of their genes are thought to contribute to neoplastic transformation. This gene encodes the B-cell lineage specific activator protein that is expressed at early, but not late stages of B-cell differentiation. Its expression has also been detected in developing CNS and testis and so the encoded protein may also play a role in neural development and spermatogenesis. This gene is located at 9p13, which is involved in t(9;14)(p13;q32) translocations recurring in small lymphocytic lymphomas of the plasmacytoid subtype, and in derived large-cell lymphomas. This translocation brings the potent E-mu enhancer of the IgH gene into close proximity of the PAX5 promoter, suggesting that the deregulation of transcription of this gene contributes to the pathogenesis of these lymphomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described but their biological validity has not been determined.
This gene encodes a member of the paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors. The central feature of this gene family is a novel, highly conserved DNA-binding motif, known as the paired box. PAX proteins are important regulators in early development, and alterations in the expression of their genes are thought to contribute to neoplastic transformation. This gene encodes the B-cell lineage specific activator protein that is expressed at early, but not late stages of B-cell differentiation. Its expression has also been detected in developing CNS and testis and so the encoded protein may also play a role in neural development and spermatogenesis. This gene is located at 9p13, which is involved in t(9;14)(p13;q32) translocations recurring in small lymphocytic lymphomas of the plasmacytoid subtype, and in derived large-cell lymphomas. This translocation brings the potent E-mu enhancer of the IgH gene into close proximity of the PAX5 promoter, suggesting that the deregulation of transcription of this gene contributes to the pathogenesis of these lymphomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described but their biological validity has not been determined.
The p63 gene is a homologue of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Like p53, p63 contains a transactivation (TA) domain induce the transcription of target genes, a DNA binding domain, and an oligomerization domain (OD), used to form tetramers. In contrast to p53, the p63 gene encodes for at least six major isotypes. Three isotypes (TAp63?, TAp63?, and TAp63?) contain the transactivating (TA) domain and are able to transactivate p53 report genes and induce apoptosis. In contrast, the other three isotypes (?Np63?, ?Np63?, ?Np63?) are transcribed from an internal promoter localized within intron3, lack the TA domain, and act as dominant-negatives to suppress transactivation by both p53 and TAp63 isotypes. p63 is highly expressed in the basal cells of the epithelium significant for proper limb outgrowth and morphogenesis.4 In differentiating tissues, p63 is crucial for maintaining the stem cell identity of the basal cells, and is indispensable for correct development of the skin as well as the limb. p63-deficient mice lack all squamous epithelia and their derivatives, including hair, whiskers, teeth, as well as mammary, lacrimal, and salivary glands.Tissue specificity: Widely expressed, notably in heart, kidney, placenta, prostate, skeletal muscle, testis and thymus, although the precise isoform varies according to tissue type. Progenitor cell layers of skin, breast, eye and prostate express high levels of DeltaN-type isoforms. Isoform 10 is predominantly expressed in skin squamous cell carcinomas, but not in normal skin tissues
The p63 gene is a homologue of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Like p53, p63 contains a transactivation (TA) domain induce the transcription of target genes, a DNA binding domain, and an oligomerization domain (OD), used to form tetramers. In contrast to p53, the p63 gene encodes for at least six major isotypes. Three isotypes (TAp63?, TAp63?, and TAp63?) contain the transactivating (TA) domain and are able to transactivate p53 report genes and induce apoptosis. In contrast, the other three isotypes (?Np63?, ?Np63?, ?Np63?) are transcribed from an internal promoter localized within intron3, lack the TA domain, and act as dominant-negatives to suppress transactivation by both p53 and TAp63 isotypes. p63 is highly expressed in the basal cells of the epithelium significant for proper limb outgrowth and morphogenesis.4 In differentiating tissues, p63 is crucial for maintaining the stem cell identity of the basal cells, and is indispensable for correct development of the skin as well as the limb. p63-deficient mice lack all squamous epithelia and their derivatives, including hair, whiskers, teeth, as well as mammary, lacrimal, and salivary glands.Tissue specificity: Widely expressed, notably in heart, kidney, placenta, prostate, skeletal muscle, testis and thymus, although the precise isoform varies according to tissue type. Progenitor cell layers of skin, breast, eye and prostate express high levels of DeltaN-type isoforms. Isoform 10 is predominantly expressed in skin squamous cell carcinomas, but not in normal skin tissues
Napsin A is an aspartic proteinase that is expressed predominantly in lung (type II pneumocytes) and kidney and lower levels in spleen and blood leukocytes. Alveolar macrophages also contain Napsin A due phagosytosis of pneumocytes. Napsin A in useful especially in the differential diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma between squamous cell carcinoma.
Napsin A is an aspartic proteinase that is expressed predominantly in lung (type II pneumocytes) and kidney and lower levels in spleen and blood leukocytes. Alveolar macrophages also contain Napsin A due phagosytosis of pneumocytes. Napsin A in useful especially in the differential diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma between squamous cell carcinoma.
MUM1 is a nuclear transcriptional factor (IRF4 or Multiple Myeloma 1 ) and is expressed in final step of intragerminal center B cell differentiation and in post-germinal center B cells. MUM1 is usually mutually exclusive with BCL6 in nonneoplastic tissue. Nuclear expression is present also in a subpopulation of activated T- lymphocytes and expressed in normal and neoplastic melanocytes. In neoplasms MUM1 is found mainly in B-cell lymphoma and melanocytic lesions. In combination with CD138 and Ig´s makes MUM1 more specific marker for differentiating B-cells before plasma cell stage. MUM1 helps to divide diffuse large B cell lymphomas into germinal center (MUM1-) /non-germinal center (MUM1+) phenotypes and helps also to differentiate double hit from Burkitt and DLCL.
MUM1 is a nuclear transcriptional factor (IRF4 or Multiple Myeloma 1 ) and is expressed in final step of intragerminal center B cell differentiation and in post-germinal center B cells. MUM1 is usually mutually exclusive with BCL6 in nonneoplastic tissue. Nuclear expression is present also in a subpopulation of activated T- lymphocytes and expressed in normal and neoplastic melanocytes. In neoplasms MUM1 is found mainly in B-cell lymphoma and melanocytic lesions. In combination with CD138 and Ig´s makes MUM1 more specific marker for differentiating B-cells before plasma cell stage. MUM1 helps to divide diffuse large B cell lymphomas into germinal center (MUM1-) /non-germinal center (MUM1+) phenotypes and helps also to differentiate double hit from Burkitt and DLCL.
Mismatch repair proteins are nuclear enzymes which participate in repair of mismatch errors during DNA replication. Loss of Mismatch repair proteins increases the number of DNA replication errors in the proliferating cells. Errors occur especially in areas of the genome with short repetitive nucleotide sequences - causing microsatellite instability (MSI). MSH6 is a mismatch repair protein which is not expressed in a high proportion of patients with MSI-H. MSH6 antibody can be useful for immunohistochemical analyses of MSH6 protein in neoplastic tissues and identification of loss of MSH6. Immunohistochemical analysis of MSH6 should be performed in IHC panel together with MLH1, MSH2 and PMS2.
Mismatch repair proteins are nuclear enzymes which participate in repair of mismatch errors during DNA replication. Loss of Mismatch repair proteins increases the number of DNA replication errors in the proliferating cells. Errors occur especially in areas of the genome with short repetitive nucleotide sequences - causing microsatellite instability (MSI). MSH6 is a mismatch repair protein which is not expressed in a high proportion of patients with MSI-H. MSH6 antibody can be useful for immunohistochemical analyses of MSH6 protein in neoplastic tissues and identification of loss of MSH6. Immunohistochemical analysis of MSH6 should be performed in IHC panel together with MLH1, MSH2 and PMS2.
MSH2 (MutS Homologue 2) is one of the five key genes (besides MLH1, PMS1, PMS2, MSH6) of the Mis-Match Repair family (MMR). These genes encode MMR proteins, a group of nuclear enzymes that initiates repair of base-base mismatch, that can occur in DNA replication. MMR nuclear proteins form heterodimers, that bind abnormal DNA and initiates its removal. Loss of MMR proteins lead to accumulation of DNA replication errors in the proliferating cells. The above mentioned MMR genes have clinical interest, as they may mutate in families with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). About 3-5% of all colorectal carcinomas are related to MMR protein mutation. Carriers of an MLH1 or MSH2 mutation have a more than 70% lifetime risk of developing a colorectal carcinoma, with increased risk of developing endometrial carcinomas (50%). Staining for MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 in colorectal carcinomas should be carried out in patients < 55 years-of-age or with a family history of these tumors.
MSH2 (MutS Homologue 2) is one of the five key genes (besides MLH1, PMS1, PMS2, MSH6) of the Mis-Match Repair family (MMR). These genes encode MMR proteins, a group of nuclear enzymes that initiates repair of base-base mismatch, that can occur in DNA replication. MMR nuclear proteins form heterodimers, that bind abnormal DNA and initiates its removal. Loss of MMR proteins lead to accumulation of DNA replication errors in the proliferating cells. The above mentioned MMR genes have clinical interest, as they may mutate in families with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). About 3-5% of all colorectal carcinomas are related to MMR protein mutation. Carriers of an MLH1 or MSH2 mutation have a more than 70% lifetime risk of developing a colorectal carcinoma, with increased risk of developing endometrial carcinomas (50%). Staining for MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 in colorectal carcinomas should be carried out in patients < 55 years-of-age or with a family history of these tumors.
Wilms' Tumour Protein (WT1) is a transcription factor involved in the development of the urogenital system. Anti-WT1 is utilized in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary malignancies (nuclei staining) and small round cell tumours. Ewing's sarcomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumours, neuroblastomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, and rhabdoid tumours do not stain with Anti-WT1, but cytoplasmic staining may be observed. Although lung adenocarcinomas do not exhibit nuclear staining with Anti-WT1, the antibody may stain the cytoplasm. Anti-WT1 also stains serous ovarian carcinomas, but does not stain mucinous carcinomas of the ovary and pancreatobiliary carcinomas.
DNA-mismatch repair (MMR), a conserved process that involves correcting errors made during DNA synthesis, is crucial to the maintenance of genomic integrity. Lack of a functional DNA-mismatch repair pathway is a common characteristic of several different types of human cancers, either due to an MMR gene mutation or promoter-methylation gene silencing. MLH1 is a human homolog of the E. coli DNA mismatch repair gene mutL, consistent with the characteristic alterations in microsatellite sequences (RER+ phenotype) found in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). MLH1 is an integral part of the protein complex responsible for mismatch repair expressed in lymphocytes, heart, colon, breast, lung, spleen, testis, prostate, thyroid and gall bladder, and is methylated in several ovarian tumors. Loss of MLH1 protein expression is associated with a mutated phenotype, microsatellite instability and a predisposition to cancer. In hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), an autosomal dominant inherited cancer syndrome that signifies a high risk of colorectal and various other types of cancer, the MLH1 gene exhibits a pathogenic mutation. Inactivation of the MLH1 gene causes genome instability and predisposition to cancer. MLH1 also plays a role in meiotic recombination.
DNA-mismatch repair (MMR), a conserved process that involves correcting errors made during DNA synthesis, is crucial to the maintenance of genomic integrity. Lack of a functional DNA-mismatch repair pathway is a common characteristic of several different types of human cancers, either due to an MMR gene mutation or promoter-methylation gene silencing. MLH1 is a human homolog of the E. coli DNA mismatch repair gene mutL, consistent with the characteristic alterations in microsatellite sequences (RER+ phenotype) found in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). MLH1 is an integral part of the protein complex responsible for mismatch repair expressed in lymphocytes, heart, colon, breast, lung, spleen, testis, prostate, thyroid and gall bladder, and is methylated in several ovarian tumors. Loss of MLH1 protein expression is associated with a mutated phenotype, microsatellite instability and a predisposition to cancer. In hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), an autosomal dominant inherited cancer syndrome that signifies a high risk of colorectal and various other types of cancer, the MLH1 gene exhibits a pathogenic mutation. Inactivation of the MLH1 gene causes genome instability and predisposition to cancer. MLH1 also plays a role in meiotic recombination.
Melan-A (MART-1) is a transmembrane protein which is recognized by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Melan a is expressed in skin melanocytes and melanocyte lineages. This antibody is useful for the identification of melanomas and it should be included into standard melanoma panel for diagnostic. This antibody not cross react with cells of adrenal cortex.
Melan-A (MART-1) is a transmembrane protein which is recognized by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Melan a is expressed in skin melanocytes and melanocyte lineages. This antibody is useful for the identification of melanomas and it should be included into standard melanoma panel for diagnostic. This antibody not cross react with cells of adrenal cortex.
The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are involved in the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. The hexameric protein complex formed by MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre_RC) and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. This protein forms a complex with MCM4, 6, and 7, and has been shown to regulate the helicase activity of the complex. This protein is phosphorylated, and thus regulated by, protein kinases CDC2 and CDC7.
The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are involved in the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. The hexameric protein complex formed by MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre_RC) and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. This protein forms a complex with MCM4, 6, and 7, and has been shown to regulate the helicase activity of the complex. This protein is phosphorylated, and thus regulated by, protein kinases CDC2 and CDC7.
The protein encoded by the classic MBP gene is a major constituent of the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the nervous system. However, MBP-related transcripts are also present in the bone marrow and the immune system. These mRNAs arise from the long MBP gene (otherwise called "Golli-MBP") that contains 3 additional exons located upstream of the classic MBP exons. Alternative splicing from the Golli and the MBP transcription start sites gives rise to 2 sets of MBP-related transcripts and gene products. The Golli mRNAs contain 3 exons unique to Golli-MBP, spliced in-frame to 1 or more MBP exons. They encode hybrid proteins that have N-terminal Golli aa sequence linked to MBP aa sequence. The second family of transcripts contain only MBP exons and produce the well characterized myelin basic proteins. This complex gene structure is conserved among species suggesting that the MBP transcription unit is an integral part of the Golli transcription unit and that this arrangement is important for the function and/or regulation of these genes.
The protein encoded by the classic MBP gene is a major constituent of the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the nervous system. However, MBP-related transcripts are also present in the bone marrow and the immune system. These mRNAs arise from the long MBP gene (otherwise called "Golli-MBP") that contains 3 additional exons located upstream of the classic MBP exons. Alternative splicing from the Golli and the MBP transcription start sites gives rise to 2 sets of MBP-related transcripts and gene products. The Golli mRNAs contain 3 exons unique to Golli-MBP, spliced in-frame to 1 or more MBP exons. They encode hybrid proteins that have N-terminal Golli aa sequence linked to MBP aa sequence. The second family of transcripts contain only MBP exons and produce the well characterized myelin basic proteins. This complex gene structure is conserved among species suggesting that the MBP transcription unit is an integral part of the Golli transcription unit and that this arrangement is important for the function and/or regulation of these genes.
Mammaglobin is a gene that is expressed almost exclusively in the normal breast epithelium and human breast cancer. It is a member of the secretoglobin gene family and forms a heterodimer with lipophilin B. It has been suggested that mammaglobin may be a useful marker for breast cancer clinical research. Studies investigating the detection of mRNA by RT PCR from circulating carcinoma cells in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients have shown that mammaglobin is a highly specific marker and correlates with several prognostic factors. Mammaglobin is mammary gland specific and it over expressed in breast cancer.
Mammaglobin is a gene that is expressed almost exclusively in the normal breast epithelium and human breast cancer. It is a member of the secretoglobin gene family and forms a heterodimer with lipophilin B. It has been suggested that mammaglobin may be a useful marker for breast cancer clinical research. Studies investigating the detection of mRNA by RT PCR from circulating carcinoma cells in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients have shown that mammaglobin is a highly specific marker and correlates with several prognostic factors. Mammaglobin is mammary gland specific and it over expressed in breast cancer.
LI-Cadherin (Cadherin-17, CDH17), is liver-intestinal cadherin and it belongs to the cadherin superfamily. Structure and cellular locations of LI-Cadherin differs from other cadherins like E-CAD, N-CAD or P-CAD. LI-Cadherin is expressed in epithelium of appendix, colon, and intestine and it is not expressed in other normal tissues. LI-Cadherin is positive in carcinomas of colorectal carcinomas and some cases of gastric and pancreas adenocarcinoma.
LI-Cadherin (Cadherin-17, CDH17), is liver-intestinal cadherin and it belongs to the cadherin superfamily. Structure and cellular locations of LI-Cadherin differs from other cadherins like E-CAD, N-CAD or P-CAD. LI-Cadherin is expressed in epithelium of appendix, colon, and intestine and it is not expressed in other normal tissues. LI-Cadherin is positive in carcinomas of colorectal carcinomas and some cases of gastric and pancreas adenocarcinoma.
Cell adhesion molecule with an important role in the development of the nervous system. The L1, neural cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) plays an important role in axon growth, fasciculation, neural migration and in mediating neuronal differentiation. L1 protein is expressed to tissues arising from neuroectoderm. L1CAM plays also an important role in the malignancy of human tumors and according to several studies, L1CAM positive carcinomas have a bad prognosis. L1CAM is overexpressed in many human carcinomas but it is useful especially in endometrium carcinoma diagnostic.
Cell adhesion molecule with an important role in the development of the nervous system. The L1, neural cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) plays an important role in axon growth, fasciculation, neural migration and in mediating neuronal differentiation. L1 protein is expressed to tissues arising from neuroectoderm. L1CAM plays also an important role in the malignancy of human tumors and according to several studies, L1CAM positive carcinomas have a bad prognosis. L1CAM is overexpressed in many human carcinomas but it is useful especially in endometrium carcinoma diagnostic.
Ki67, also known as MKI67, is aprototypic cell cycle related nuclear protein, expressed by proliferating cells in all phases of the active cell cycle (G1, S, G2 and M phase). It is absent in resting (G0) cells. Ki67 antibodies are useful in establishing the cell growing fraction in neoplasms (immunohistochemically quantified by determining the number of Ki67 positive cells among the total number of resting cells = Ki67 index). In neoplastic tissues the prognostic value is comparable to the tritiated thymidine labelling index. The correlation between low Ki67 index and histologically low grade tumours is strong. Ki67 is routinely used as a neuronal marker of cell cycling and proliferation
Ki67, also known as MKI67, is aprototypic cell cycle related nuclear protein, expressed by proliferating cells in all phases of the active cell cycle (G1, S, G2 and M phase). It is absent in resting (G0) cells. Ki67 antibodies are useful in establishing the cell growing fraction in neoplasms (immunohistochemically quantified by determining the number of Ki67 positive cells among the total number of resting cells = Ki67 index). In neoplastic tissues the prognostic value is comparable to the tritiated thymidine labelling index. The correlation between low Ki67 index and histologically low grade tumours is strong. Ki67 is routinely used as a neuronal marker of cell cycling and proliferation
Insulin is a pancreatic hormone that regulates glucose level in blood and it is involved in the synthesis of proteins and fat. Insulin increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver. Insulin is a heterodimer of a B chain and A chain linked by two disulfide bonds. Defects in insulin are the cause of familial hyperproinsulinemia. Insulin is present on the insulin secreted beta cells in islets of Langerhans.
Insulin is a pancreatic hormone that regulates glucose level in blood and it is involved in the synthesis of proteins and fat. Insulin increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver. Insulin is a heterodimer of a B chain and A chain linked by two disulfide bonds. Defects in insulin are the cause of familial hyperproinsulinemia. Insulin is present on the insulin secreted beta cells in islets of Langerhans.
AIB-1 also known as allograft inflammation factor-1 is cytoplasmic actin and calcium binding protein that is expressed especially in activated macrophages and microglia, but also plays part in vascular smooth muscle cell activation and migration. In clinical use IBA-1 can be valuable marker of allograft rejection, macrophages and microglia.
AIB-1 also known as allograft inflammation factor-1 is cytoplasmic actin and calcium binding protein that is expressed especially in activated macrophages and microglia, but also plays part in vascular smooth muscle cell activation and migration. In clinical use IBA-1 can be valuable marker of allograft rejection, macrophages and microglia.
ERBB2: v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, neuro/glioblastoma derived oncogene homolog (avian). This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This protein has no ligand binding domain of its own and therefore cannot bind growth factors. However, it does bind tightly to other ligand-bound EGF receptor family members to form a heterodimer, stabilizing ligand binding and enhancing kinase-mediated activation of downstream signalling pathways, such as those involving mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. Allelic variations at amino acid positions 654 and 655 of isoform a (positions 624 and 625 of isoform b) have been reported, with the most common allele, Ile654/Ile655, shown here. Amplification and/or overexpression of this gene has been reported in numerous cancers, including breast and ovarian tumors. Alternative splicing results in several additional transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms and others that have not been fully characterized
ERBB2: v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, neuro/glioblastoma derived oncogene homolog (avian). This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This protein has no ligand binding domain of its own and therefore cannot bind growth factors. However, it does bind tightly to other ligand-bound EGF receptor family members to form a heterodimer, stabilizing ligand binding and enhancing kinase-mediated activation of downstream signalling pathways, such as those involving mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. Allelic variations at amino acid positions 654 and 655 of isoform a (positions 624 and 625 of isoform b) have been reported, with the most common allele, Ile654/Ile655, shown here. Amplification and/or overexpression of this gene has been reported in numerous cancers, including breast and ovarian tumors. Alternative splicing results in several additional transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms and others that have not been fully characterized
ERBB2: v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, neuro/glioblastoma derived oncogene homolog (avian). This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This protein has no ligand binding domain of its own and therefore cannot bind growth factors. However, it does bind tightly to other ligand-bound EGF receptor family members to form a heterodimer, stabilizing ligand binding and enhancing kinase-mediated activation of downstream signalling pathways, such as those involving mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. Allelic variations at amino acid positions 654 and 655 of isoform a (positions 624 and 625 of isoform b) have been reported, with the most common allele, Ile654/Ile655, shown here. Amplification and/or overexpression of this gene has been reported in numerous cancers, including breast and ovarian tumors. Alternative splicing results in several additional transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms and others that have not been fully characterized
ERBB2: v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, neuro/glioblastoma derived oncogene homolog (avian). This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. This protein has no ligand binding domain of its own and therefore cannot bind growth factors. However, it does bind tightly to other ligand-bound EGF receptor family members to form a heterodimer, stabilizing ligand binding and enhancing kinase-mediated activation of downstream signalling pathways, such as those involving mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. Allelic variations at amino acid positions 654 and 655 of isoform a (positions 624 and 625 of isoform b) have been reported, with the most common allele, Ile654/Ile655, shown here. Amplification and/or overexpression of this gene has been reported in numerous cancers, including breast and ovarian tumors. Alternative splicing results in several additional transcript variants, some encoding different isoforms and others that have not been fully characterized
Granzyme B (GZMB), is the cell death-inducing serine protease, which expressed in the cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. Granzyme B is crucial for the rapid induction of target cell apoptosis and it has essential role in immunosurveillance. Granzyme B enters in the target cells with perforin, and results in the activation of apoptosis through caspase-dependent and -independent pathways. Granzyme B is the useful marker especially in NK/T-cell lymphomas.
Granzyme B (GZMB), is the cell death-inducing serine protease, which expressed in the cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. Granzyme B is crucial for the rapid induction of target cell apoptosis and it has essential role in immunosurveillance. Granzyme B enters in the target cells with perforin, and results in the activation of apoptosis through caspase-dependent and -independent pathways. Granzyme B is the useful marker especially in NK/T-cell lymphomas.
Glutamine synthetase is enzyme which catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia in the liver tissue. In normal liver glutamine sythetase expressed in pericentral hepatocytes. Glutamine synthetase can be useful marker in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnostic with panel of other hepatocellular carcinoma markers.
Glutamine synthetase is enzyme which catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia in the liver tissue. In normal liver glutamine sythetase expressed in pericentral hepatocytes. Glutamine synthetase can be useful marker in hepatocellular carcinoma diagnostic with panel of other hepatocellular carcinoma markers.
Wilms' Tumour Protein (WT1) is a transcription factor involved in the development of the urogenital system. Anti-WT1 is utilized in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary malignancies (nuclei staining) and small round cell tumours. Ewing's sarcomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumours, neuroblastomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, and rhabdoid tumours do not stain with Anti-WT1, but cytoplasmic staining may be observed. Although lung adenocarcinomas do not exhibit nuclear staining with Anti-WT1, the antibody may stain the cytoplasm. Anti-WT1 also stains serous ovarian carcinomas, but does not stain mucinous carcinomas of the ovary and pancreatobiliary carcinomas.
The protein encoded by this gene is actually a preproprotein that is cleaved into four distinct mature peptides. One of these, glucagon, is a pancreatic hormone that counteracts the glucose-lowering action of insulin by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Glucagon is a ligand for a specific G-protein linked receptor whose signalling pathway controls cell proliferation. Two of the other peptides are secreted from gut endocrine cells and promote nutrient absorption through distinct mechanisms. Finally, the fourth peptide is similar to glicentin, an active enteroglucagon.Tissue specificity: Glucagon is secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin and glicentin are secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. GLP1 and GLP2 are also secreted in selected neurons in the brain.
The protein encoded by this gene is actually a preproprotein that is cleaved into four distinct mature peptides. One of these, glucagon, is a pancreatic hormone that counteracts the glucose-lowering action of insulin by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Glucagon is a ligand for a specific G-protein linked receptor whose signalling pathway controls cell proliferation. Two of the other peptides are secreted from gut endocrine cells and promote nutrient absorption through distinct mechanisms. Finally, the fourth peptide is similar to glicentin, an active enteroglucagon.Tissue specificity: Glucagon is secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. GLP-1, GLP-2, oxyntomodulin and glicentin are secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. GLP1 and GLP2 are also secreted in selected neurons in the brain.
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) is the intermediate filament protein which is highly specific to astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). GFAP is also expressed some cells in peripheral nervous system eg. in Schwann cells and satellite cells. GFAP is useful especially for differential diagnosis of astrocytoma from non-glial neoplasm. Schwannoma and neurofibroma frequently express GFAP.
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) is the intermediate filament protein which is highly specific to astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). GFAP is also expressed some cells in peripheral nervous system eg. in Schwann cells and satellite cells. GFAP is useful especially for differential diagnosis of astrocytoma from non-glial neoplasm. Schwannoma and neurofibroma frequently express GFAP.
This gene encodes a carcinoma-associated antigen and is a member of a family that includes at least two type I membrane proteins. This antigen is expressed on most normal epithelial cells and gastrointestinal carcinomas and functions as a homotypic calcium-independent cell adhesion molecule. The antigen is being used as a target for immunotherapy treatment of human carcinomas. Mutations in this gene result in congenital tufting enteropathy.Tissue specificity: This protein is expressed in almost all epithelial cell membranes but not on mesodermal or neural cell membranes. Found on the surface of adenocarcinomas. EPCAM:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) is a 40 kDa cell surface antigen. This antigen has been identified independently by a number of groups, and has been known by a variety of names. Several monoclonal antibodies have been raised against EpCAM, many of which have been described as tumour specific molecules on carcinomas. EpCAM is a Type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein. It is expressed on the basolateral membrane of cells by the majority of epithelial tissues, with the exception of adult squamous epithelium and some specific epithelial cell types including hepatocytes and gastric epithelial cells. EpCAM expression has been reported to be a possible marker of early malignancy, with expression being increased in tumour cells, and de novo expression being seen in dysplastic squamous epithelium. This cell surface, glycosylated 40kD protein is highly expressed in the bone marrow, colon, lung, and most normal epithelial cells and is expressed on carcinomas of gastrointestinal origin.
This gene encodes a carcinoma-associated antigen and is a member of a family that includes at least two type I membrane proteins. This antigen is expressed on most normal epithelial cells and gastrointestinal carcinomas and functions as a homotypic calcium-independent cell adhesion molecule. The antigen is being used as a target for immunotherapy treatment of human carcinomas. Mutations in this gene result in congenital tufting enteropathy.Tissue specificity: This protein is expressed in almost all epithelial cell membranes but not on mesodermal or neural cell membranes. Found on the surface of adenocarcinomas. EPCAM:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) is a 40 kDa cell surface antigen. This antigen has been identified independently by a number of groups, and has been known by a variety of names. Several monoclonal antibodies have been raised against EpCAM, many of which have been described as tumour specific molecules on carcinomas. EpCAM is a Type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein. It is expressed on the basolateral membrane of cells by the majority of epithelial tissues, with the exception of adult squamous epithelium and some specific epithelial cell types including hepatocytes and gastric epithelial cells. EpCAM expression has been reported to be a possible marker of early malignancy, with expression being increased in tumour cells, and de novo expression being seen in dysplastic squamous epithelium. This cell surface, glycosylated 40kD protein is highly expressed in the bone marrow, colon, lung, and most normal epithelial cells and is expressed on carcinomas of gastrointestinal origin.
This gene encodes a homodimeric transmembrane protein which is a major glycoprotein of the vascular endothelium. This protein is a component of the transforming growth factor beta receptor complex and it binds TGFB1 and TGFB3 with high affinity. Mutations in this gene cause hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, also known as Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 1, an autosomal dominant multisystemic vascular dysplasia.
This gene encodes a homodimeric transmembrane protein which is a major glycoprotein of the vascular endothelium. This protein is a component of the transforming growth factor beta receptor complex and it binds TGFB1 and TGFB3 with high affinity. Mutations in this gene cause hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, also known as Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome 1, an autosomal dominant multisystemic vascular dysplasia.
E-Cadherin is a 120 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that is localized in the adherens junctions of epithelial cells. There, it interacts with the cytoskeleton through the associated cytoplasmic catenin proteins. In addition to being a calcium-dependent adhesion molecule, E-Cadherin is also a critical regulator of epithelial junction formation. Its association with catenins is necessary for cell-cell adhesion. These E-cadherin/catenin complexes associate with corical actin bundles at both the zonula adherens and the lateral adhesion plaques. Tyrosine phosphorylation can disrupt these complexes, leading to changes in cell adhesion properties. E-Cadherin expression is often down-regulated in highly invasive, poorly differentiated carcinomas. Increased expression of E-Cadherin in these cells reduces invasiveness. Thus, loss of expression or function of E-Cadherin appears to be an important step in tumorigenic progression.Tissue specificity: Non-neural epithelial tissues.
E-Cadherin is a 120 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that is localized in the adherens junctions of epithelial cells. There, it interacts with the cytoskeleton through the associated cytoplasmic catenin proteins. In addition to being a calcium-dependent adhesion molecule, E-Cadherin is also a critical regulator of epithelial junction formation. Its association with catenins is necessary for cell-cell adhesion. These E-cadherin/catenin complexes associate with corical actin bundles at both the zonula adherens and the lateral adhesion plaques. Tyrosine phosphorylation can disrupt these complexes, leading to changes in cell adhesion properties. E-Cadherin expression is often down-regulated in highly invasive, poorly differentiated carcinomas. Increased expression of E-Cadherin in these cells reduces invasiveness. Thus, loss of expression or function of E-Cadherin appears to be an important step in tumorigenic progression.Tissue specificity: Non-neural epithelial tissues.
Desmin (DES), with 470-amino acid protein (about 52kDa), belongs to the intermediate filament family and Desmin is class III intermediate filaments found in muscle cells. Homopolymers of Desmin form a stable intracytoplasmic filamentous network connecting myofibrils to each other and to the plasma membrane.Mutations in Desmin are associated with desmin-related myopathy, a familial cardiac and skeletal myopathy (CSM), and with distal myopathies.Desmin is also expressed in smooth muscle cells of both airways and alveolar ducts and Desmin is a load-bearing protein that stiffens the airways and consequently the lung and modulates airway contractile response.
Desmin (DES), with 470-amino acid protein (about 52kDa), belongs to the intermediate filament family and Desmin is class III intermediate filaments found in muscle cells. Homopolymers of Desmin form a stable intracytoplasmic filamentous network connecting myofibrils to each other and to the plasma membrane.Mutations in Desmin are associated with desmin-related myopathy, a familial cardiac and skeletal myopathy (CSM), and with distal myopathies.Desmin is also expressed in smooth muscle cells of both airways and alveolar ducts and Desmin is a load-bearing protein that stiffens the airways and consequently the lung and modulates airway contractile response.
Biochemically, most members of the CK family fall into one of two classes, type I (acidic polypeptides) and type II (basic polypeptides). The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. Cytokeratins comprise a diverse group of intermediate filament proteins (IFPs) that are expressed as pairs in both keratinized and non-keratinized epithelial tissue. Cytokeratins play a critical role in differentiation and tissue specialization and function to maintain the overall structural integrity of epithelial cells. Cytokeratins have been found to be useful markers of tissue differentiation which is directly applicable to the characterization of malignant tumors.
Biochemically, most members of the CK family fall into one of two classes, type I (acidic polypeptides) and type II (basic polypeptides). The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. Cytokeratins comprise a diverse group of intermediate filament proteins (IFPs) that are expressed as pairs in both keratinized and non-keratinized epithelial tissue. Cytokeratins play a critical role in differentiation and tissue specialization and function to maintain the overall structural integrity of epithelial cells. Cytokeratins have been found to be useful markers of tissue differentiation which is directly applicable to the characterization of malignant tumors.
Cytokeratin 8, also known as CK8, is a member of the low molecular weight type II keratin family. Type I and type II keratins heteropolymerize to form intermediate-sized filaments in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. CK8 typically dimerizes with CK18 to form an intermediate filament in simple single-layered epithelial cells. It is useful for especially diagnostic of most non-squamous epithelial tumors. squamous tumors are negative for this antibody as a rule.
Cytokeratin 8, also known as CK8, is a member of the low molecular weight type II keratin family. Type I and type II keratins heteropolymerize to form intermediate-sized filaments in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. CK8 typically dimerizes with CK18 to form an intermediate filament in simple single-layered epithelial cells. It is useful for especially diagnostic of most non-squamous epithelial tumors. squamous tumors are negative for this antibody as a rule.
Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT7 gene. CK7 is a member of the keratin family and it is specifically expressed in the simple epithelia lining the cavities of the internal organs and in the gland ducts. The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains co-expressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. IHC staining of cytokeratin 7 is useful for carcinoma diagnostic especially for differential diagnosis of urothelial, lung, breast carcinomas to colorectal or prostate carcinomas. CK7 is especially marker of lung adenocarcinoma. Pancreas is the good tissue control for CK7.
Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT7 gene. CK7 is a member of the keratin family and it is specifically expressed in the simple epithelia lining the cavities of the internal organs and in the gland ducts. The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains co-expressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. IHC staining of cytokeratin 7 is useful for carcinoma diagnostic especially for differential diagnosis of urothelial, lung, breast carcinomas to colorectal or prostate carcinomas. CK7 is especially marker of lung adenocarcinoma. Pancreas is the good tissue control for CK7.
CK5 (keratin 5) is a member of the keratin gene family. Biochemically, most members of the CK family fall into one of two classes, type I (acidic polypeptides) and type II (basic polypeptides). The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. This type II cytokeratin is specifically expressed in the basal layer of the epidermis with family member KRT14. The type II cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. At least one member of the acidic family and one member of the basic family is expressed in all epithelial cells. Cytokeratin 5 is expressed in normal basal cells. Mutations of the Cytokeratin5 gene (KRT5) have been shown to result in the autosomal dominant disorderepidermolysis bullosa (EB). Defects in KRT5 are a cause of epidermolysis bullosa simplex.
CK5 (keratin 5) is a member of the keratin gene family. Biochemically, most members of the CK family fall into one of two classes, type I (acidic polypeptides) and type II (basic polypeptides). The type II cytokeratins consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. This type II cytokeratin is specifically expressed in the basal layer of the epidermis with family member KRT14. The type II cytokeratins are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13. At least one member of the acidic family and one member of the basic family is expressed in all epithelial cells. Cytokeratin 5 is expressed in normal basal cells. Mutations of the Cytokeratin5 gene (KRT5) have been shown to result in the autosomal dominant disorderepidermolysis bullosa (EB). Defects in KRT5 are a cause of epidermolysis bullosa simplex.
Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) is expressed in enterocytes and goblet cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It is also expressed in specific types of simple epithelial cells of the urinary tract. CK20 is useful marker of colorectal carcinoma, gastric, pancreas, urothelium, merkel and biliary system carcinomas.
Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) is expressed in enterocytes and goblet cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It is also expressed in specific types of simple epithelial cells of the urinary tract. CK20 is useful marker of colorectal carcinoma, gastric, pancreas, urothelium, merkel and biliary system carcinomas.
Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) is expressed in enterocytes and goblet cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It is also expressed in specific types of simple epithelial cells of the urinary tract. CK20 is useful marker of colorectal carcinoma, gastric, pancreas, urothelium, merkel and biliary system carcinomas.
Cytokeratin 20 (CK20) is expressed in enterocytes and goblet cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It is also expressed in specific types of simple epithelial cells of the urinary tract. CK20 is useful marker of colorectal carcinoma, gastric, pancreas, urothelium, merkel and biliary system carcinomas.
Cytokeratin 19, also known as KRT19, CK19, CK19, K1CS, MGC15366. Entrez Protein NP_002267. It is a member of the keratin family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. The type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains. Unlike its related family members, this smallest known acidic cytokeratin is not paired with a basic cytokeratin in epithelial cells. It is specifically expressed in the periderm, the transiently superficial layer that envelopes the developing epidermis.
Cytokeratin 19, also known as KRT19, CK19, CK19, K1CS, MGC15366. Entrez Protein NP_002267. It is a member of the keratin family. The keratins are intermediate filament proteins responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial cells and are subdivided into cytokeratins and hair keratins. The type I cytokeratins consist of acidic proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic keratin chains. Unlike its related family members, this smallest known acidic cytokeratin is not paired with a basic cytokeratin in epithelial cells. It is specifically expressed in the periderm, the transiently superficial layer that envelopes the developing epidermis.
Wilms' Tumour Protein (WT1) is a transcription factor involved in the development of the urogenital system. Anti-WT1 is utilized in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary malignancies (nuclei staining) and small round cell tumours. Ewing's sarcomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumours, neuroblastomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, and rhabdoid tumours do not stain with Anti-WT1, but cytoplasmic staining may be observed. Although lung adenocarcinomas do not exhibit nuclear staining with Anti-WT1, the antibody may stain the cytoplasm. Anti-WT1 also stains serous ovarian carcinomas, but does not stain mucinous carcinomas of the ovary and pancreatobiliary carcinomas.
Cytokeratin 18, also known as CK18, CYK18, KRT18. Entrez Protein NP_000215. It encodes the type I intermediate filament chain keratin 18. Keratin 18, together with its filament partner keratin 8, are perhaps the most commonly found members of the intermediate filament gene family. They are expressed in single layer epithelial tissues of the body. Mutations in this gene have been linked to cryptogenic cirrhosis. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
Cytokeratin 18, also known as CK18, CYK18, KRT18. Entrez Protein NP_000215. It encodes the type I intermediate filament chain keratin 18. Keratin 18, together with its filament partner keratin 8, are perhaps the most commonly found members of the intermediate filament gene family. They are expressed in single layer epithelial tissues of the body. Mutations in this gene have been linked to cryptogenic cirrhosis. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
CK17, also known as KRT17, it is the type I intermediate filament chain keratin 17. It is found in nail beds, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and other epidermal appendages. Mutations in this gene lead to Jackson-Lawler type pachyonychia congenita and steatocystoma multiplex. May play a role in the formation and maintenance of various skin appendages, specifically in determining shape and orientation of hair. May be a marker of basal cell differentiation in complex epithelia and therefore indicative of a certain type of epithelial "stem cells". May act as an autoantigen in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis, with certain peptide regions being a major target for autoreactive T-cells and hence causing their proliferation. Required for the correct growth of hair follicles, in particular for the persistence of the anagen (growth) state. Modulates the function of TNF-alpha in the specific context of hair cycling. Regulates protein synthesis and epithelial cell growth through binding to the adapter protein SFN and by stimulating Akt/mTOR pathway. Involved in tissue repair.
CK17, also known as KRT17, it is the type I intermediate filament chain keratin 17. It is found in nail beds, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and other epidermal appendages. Mutations in this gene lead to Jackson-Lawler type pachyonychia congenita and steatocystoma multiplex. May play a role in the formation and maintenance of various skin appendages, specifically in determining shape and orientation of hair. May be a marker of basal cell differentiation in complex epithelia and therefore indicative of a certain type of epithelial "stem cells". May act as an autoantigen in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis, with certain peptide regions being a major target for autoreactive T-cells and hence causing their proliferation. Required for the correct growth of hair follicles, in particular for the persistence of the anagen (growth) state. Modulates the function of TNF-alpha in the specific context of hair cycling. Regulates protein synthesis and epithelial cell growth through binding to the adapter protein SFN and by stimulating Akt/mTOR pathway. Involved in tissue repair.
Cytokeratin 14 (CK14) is an acidic type I human intermediate filament protein. It mostly found in basal cells of squamous epithelia, myoepithelium, some glandular epithelia and mesothelial cells. Molecular weight of CK14 is 50 kDa, and it usually pairs with CK5, which is a type II (basic) cytokeratin. In neoplastic cells, CK14 is a useful marker especially in identification of basal cell epithelium in prostate and myoepithelium in breast. It also useful for detecting squamous cell carcinomas. CK5 and CK14 antibodies can be used as a cocktail as well.
Cytokeratin 14 (CK14) is an acidic type I human intermediate filament protein. It mostly found in basal cells of squamous epithelia, myoepithelium, some glandular epithelia and mesothelial cells. Molecular weight of CK14 is 50 kDa, and it usually pairs with CK5, which is a type II (basic) cytokeratin. In neoplastic cells, CK14 is a useful marker especially in identification of basal cell epithelium in prostate and myoepithelium in breast. It also useful for detecting squamous cell carcinomas. CK5 and CK14 antibodies can be used as a cocktail as well.
Cyclin D1, is cell cycle regulator and it is over expressed in a wide variety of human neoplasms. Cyclin D1 forms a complex with regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6 kinases and it is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. The expression is maximal in G1 and minimal in S phase of cell cycle. Cyclin D1 expression is located mainly to the proliferative zone of normal epithelial tissues. Localization of the cyclin D1 is mainly nuclear. Cyclin D is useful for lymphoma diagnostic, especially diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma.
Cyclin D1, is cell cycle regulator and it is over expressed in a wide variety of human neoplasms. Cyclin D1 forms a complex with regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6 kinases and it is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. The expression is maximal in G1 and minimal in S phase of cell cycle. Cyclin D1 expression is located mainly to the proliferative zone of normal epithelial tissues. Localization of the cyclin D1 is mainly nuclear. Cyclin D is useful for lymphoma diagnostic, especially diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma.
CD8 T cell surface antigen belongs to the type I membrane protein and it is heterodimer of an alpha and a beta chain linked by two disulfide bonds. CD8 positive T-lymphocytes are cytotoxic cells and it thought to play a role in the process of T-cell mediated killing. CD8 antibody is useful for classification of lymphocytes and malignant lymphomas.
CD8 T cell surface antigen belongs to the type I membrane protein and it is heterodimer of an alpha and a beta chain linked by two disulfide bonds. CD8 positive T-lymphocytes are cytotoxic cells and it thought to play a role in the process of T-cell mediated killing. CD8 antibody is useful for classification of lymphocytes and malignant lymphomas.
The CD79 protein is a heterodimer with two CD79a and CD79b phosphoproteins. CD79a is specific for B-cells. The antigen appearing before the pre-B cell stage and it is still expressed at the plasma cell stage. Together with CD20, CD79a is one the most important marker for B-cell neoplasms.
The CD79 protein is a heterodimer with two CD79a and CD79b phosphoproteins. CD79a is specific for B-cells. The antigen appearing before the pre-B cell stage and it is still expressed at the plasma cell stage. Together with CD20, CD79a is one the most important marker for B-cell neoplasms.
CD7 transmembrane protein is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is found on thymocytes, mature T cells and NK-cells. It plays an essential role in T-cell interactions and also in T-cell/B-cell interaction during early lymphoid development.
CD7 transmembrane protein is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is found on thymocytes, mature T cells and NK-cells. It plays an essential role in T-cell interactions and also in T-cell/B-cell interaction during early lymphoid development.
CD7 transmembrane protein is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is found on thymocytes, mature T cells and NK-cells. It plays an essential role in T-cell interactions and also in T-cell/B-cell interaction during early lymphoid development.
CD7 transmembrane protein is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is found on thymocytes, mature T cells and NK-cells. It plays an essential role in T-cell interactions and also in T-cell/B-cell interaction during early lymphoid development.
CD50 (ICAM-3) that is expressed in virtually all leukocytes, belongs to the family of the intercellular adhesion molecules. It is also shown to be important part in immune response initiation. CD50 is a useful marker for non-hodgkins lymphoma and it is expressed in almost all the tumors with tendency to be lost in high grade lymphomas.
CD50 (ICAM-3) that is expressed in virtually all leukocytes, belongs to the family of the intercellular adhesion molecules. It is also shown to be important part in immune response initiation. CD50 is a useful marker for non-hodgkins lymphoma and it is expressed in almost all the tumors with tendency to be lost in high grade lymphomas.
The CD5 antigen is a transmembrane glycoprotein which is expressed on the most mature human T-cells and expression level of CD5 will be increased during T-cell maturation. CD5 is also expressed in a small subset of normal human B-cells as well. CD5 is expressed in most T-cell lymphomas and leukemias and negative expression of the CD5 in T-cell lymphoma indicates a worse prognosis. In B-cell lymphomas eg. small lymphocytic lymphoma, small-cell lymphoma (CD20+), and mantle cell lymphoma are typically CD5 positive and marginal zone lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, are CD5 negative.
The CD5 antigen is a transmembrane glycoprotein which is expressed on the most mature human T-cells and expression level of CD5 will be increased during T-cell maturation. CD5 is also expressed in a small subset of normal human B-cells as well. CD5 is expressed in most T-cell lymphomas and leukemias and negative expression of the CD5 in T-cell lymphoma indicates a worse prognosis. In B-cell lymphomas eg. small lymphocytic lymphoma, small-cell lymphoma (CD20+), and mantle cell lymphoma are typically CD5 positive and marginal zone lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, are CD5 negative.
CD45 is transmembrane protein that is present on all differentiated hematopoietic cells (including basophils, granulocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages / histiocytes, mast cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, medullary thymocytes, plasma cells). Erythrocytes and their immediate progenitors do not express CD45 antigen. This antigen is used in routine immunohistochemistry to differentiate between immune cell types, as well as to differentiate hematological malignancies from other tumors. CD 45 is a good marker for AML, ALCL and most B- and T-cell lymphomas. Epithelial tumors, follicular dendritic cell sarcomas, germ cell tumors, melanoma, mesothelioma do not express CD45.
CD45 is transmembrane protein that is present on all differentiated hematopoietic cells (including basophils, granulocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages / histiocytes, mast cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, medullary thymocytes, plasma cells). Erythrocytes and their immediate progenitors do not express CD45 antigen. This antigen is used in routine immunohistochemistry to differentiate between immune cell types, as well as to differentiate hematological malignancies from other tumors. CD 45 is a good marker for AML, ALCL and most B- and T-cell lymphomas. Epithelial tumors, follicular dendritic cell sarcomas, germ cell tumors, melanoma, mesothelioma do not express CD45.
The CD44 antigen, also referred as homing cell adhesion molecule (HCAM), is a multi-structural and multifunctional cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cellcell interactions, cell adhesion, and migration. Most tissues are CD44 positive, including astrocyte restricted precursor cells, breast myoepithelial cells, colon, lung type II pneumocytes, red blood cells, stomach, urothelial basal cells, uterus and white blood cells. Negative staining results is seen in testis, kidney tubular epithelium, cardiac muscle, hepatocytes. In disease, positive staining is seen in colorectal carcinoma (most), Langerhans histiocytosis, oligodendroglioma, thymoma, small cell prostate carcinoma.
The CD44 antigen, also referred as homing cell adhesion molecule (HCAM), is a multi-structural and multifunctional cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cellcell interactions, cell adhesion, and migration. Most tissues are CD44 positive, including astrocyte restricted precursor cells, breast myoepithelial cells, colon, lung type II pneumocytes, red blood cells, stomach, urothelial basal cells, uterus and white blood cells. Negative staining results is seen in testis, kidney tubular epithelium, cardiac muscle, hepatocytes. In disease, positive staining is seen in colorectal carcinoma (most), Langerhans histiocytosis, oligodendroglioma, thymoma, small cell prostate carcinoma.
CD43 (leukosialin, sialophorin) is a transmembrane mucin-like glycoprotein which expressed in plasma membrane especially in T-lymphocytes, some B-cells and cells from myelomonolineage. It is useful for lymphoma diagnostic and it expressed in most T-cell lymphomas and some B-cell lymphomas.
CD43 (leukosialin, sialophorin) is a transmembrane mucin-like glycoprotein which expressed in plasma membrane especially in T-lymphocytes, some B-cells and cells from myelomonolineage. It is useful for lymphoma diagnostic and it expressed in most T-cell lymphomas and some B-cell lymphomas.
The CD4 is membrane glycoprotein (58kDa) and it is highly expressed on human T-helper lymphocytes and thymocytes, as well as at lower levels on cells from monocyte lineage. CD4 is useful marker for recognition of different subtypes of lymphocytes and in diagnostic for T-lymphoblastic lymphomas and histiocytic neoplasia.
The CD4 is membrane glycoprotein (58kDa) and it is highly expressed on human T-helper lymphocytes and thymocytes, as well as at lower levels on cells from monocyte lineage. CD4 is useful marker for recognition of different subtypes of lymphocytes and in diagnostic for T-lymphoblastic lymphomas and histiocytic neoplasia.
Vimentin is a component of intermediate filament in mesenchymal cells, such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and melanocytes. Anti-Vimentin is useful for assessing whether tissue samples have been processed and preserved properly. A panel of Anti-Vimentin and Anti-Keratin is useful for differentiating melanomas from large cell lymphomas and undifferentiated carcinomas. This diagnostic grade Vimentin IVD antibody stains melanomas and schwannomas, as well as endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinomas.
The protein encoded by this gene is T-cell receptor zeta, which together with T-cell receptor alpha/beta and gamma/delta heterodimers, and with CD3-gamma, -delta and -epsilon, forms the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex. The zeta chain plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. Low expression of the antigen results in impaired immune response. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is T-cell receptor zeta, which together with T-cell receptor alpha/beta and gamma/delta heterodimers, and with CD3-gamma, -delta and -epsilon, forms the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex. The zeta chain plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. Low expression of the antigen results in impaired immune response. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is the CD3-epsilon polypeptide, which together with CD3-gamma, -delta and -zeta, and the T-cell receptor alpha/beta and gamma/delta heterodimers, forms the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex. This complex plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. The genes encoding the epsilon, gamma and delta polypeptides are located in the same cluster on chromosome 11. The epsilon polypeptide plays an essential role in T-cell development. CD3e is an important pan T-cell marker for the classification of malignant lymphomas and lymphoid leukaemias.
The protein encoded by this gene is the CD3-epsilon polypeptide, which together with CD3-gamma, -delta and -zeta, and the T-cell receptor alpha/beta and gamma/delta heterodimers, forms the T-cell receptor-CD3 complex. This complex plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. The genes encoding the epsilon, gamma and delta polypeptides are located in the same cluster on chromosome 11. The epsilon polypeptide plays an essential role in T-cell development. CD3e is an important pan T-cell marker for the classification of malignant lymphomas and lymphoid leukaemias.
CD38 is a type II integral membrane glycoprotein which is present on early B and T cell lineages and activated B and T cells but is absent from most mature resting peripheral lymphocytes. CD38 is also found on thymocytes, pre-B cells, germinal center B cells, mitogen-activated T cells, monocytes and Ig-secreting plasma cells. CD38 acts as a NAD glycohydrolase in T lym- phocytes. On hematopoietic cells CD38 induces activation, proliferation, and differentiation of mature T and B cells and mediates apoptosis of myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells. In addition to acting as a signaling receptor, CD38 is also an enzyme capable of producing several calcium-mobilizing metabo- lites, including cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR). CD38 also plays a role in maintaining survival of an invariant NK T (iNKT) cell subset that preferentially contributes to the maintenance of immunological tolerance.
CD38 is a type II integral membrane glycoprotein which is present on early B and T cell lineages and activated B and T cells but is absent from most mature resting peripheral lymphocytes. CD38 is also found on thymocytes, pre-B cells, germinal center B cells, mitogen-activated T cells, monocytes and Ig-secreting plasma cells. CD38 acts as a NAD glycohydrolase in T lym- phocytes. On hematopoietic cells CD38 induces activation, proliferation, and differentiation of mature T and B cells and mediates apoptosis of myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells. In addition to acting as a signaling receptor, CD38 is also an enzyme capable of producing several calcium-mobilizing metabo- lites, including cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR). CD38 also plays a role in maintaining survival of an invariant NK T (iNKT) cell subset that preferentially contributes to the maintenance of immunological tolerance.
CD38 is a type II integral membrane glycoprotein which is present on early B and T cell lineages and activated B and T cells but is absent from most mature resting peripheral lymphocytes. CD38 is also found on thymocytes, pre-B cells, germinal center B cells, mitogen-activated T cells, monocytes and Ig-secreting plasma cells. On hematopoietic cells CD38 induces activation, proliferation, and differentiation of mature T and B cells and mediates apoptosis of myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells. CD38 marker is useful for lymphoma diagnostic eg. using in plasmacytoma diagnostic.
CD38 is a type II integral membrane glycoprotein which is present on early B and T cell lineages and activated B and T cells but is absent from most mature resting peripheral lymphocytes. CD38 is also found on thymocytes, pre-B cells, germinal center B cells, mitogen-activated T cells, monocytes and Ig-secreting plasma cells. On hematopoietic cells CD38 induces activation, proliferation, and differentiation of mature T and B cells and mediates apoptosis of myeloid and lymphoid progenitor cells. CD38 marker is useful for lymphoma diagnostic eg. using in plasmacytoma diagnostic.
CD34 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with a molecular mass of approximately 110 kD that is selectively expressed on human hematopoietic progenitor cells, endothelial cells and some fibroblasts. It could act as a scaffold for the attachment of lineage specific glycans, allowing stem cells to bind to lectins expressed by stromal cells or other marrow components. CD34 is highly expressed on hematopoietic progenitors, as well as on endothelial cells. CD34 has been used to measure angiogenesis, which reportedly predicts tumor recurrence.
CD34 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with a molecular mass of approximately 110 kD that is selectively expressed on human hematopoietic progenitor cells, endothelial cells and some fibroblasts. It could act as a scaffold for the attachment of lineage specific glycans, allowing stem cells to bind to lectins expressed by stromal cells or other marrow components. CD34 is highly expressed on hematopoietic progenitors, as well as on endothelial cells. CD34 has been used to measure angiogenesis, which reportedly predicts tumor recurrence.
The human leukocyte differentiation antigen CD23 (FCER2) is a key molecule for B-cell activation and growth. It is the low-affinity receptor for IgE. The truncated molecule can be secreted, then functioning as a potent mitogenic growth factor. It is expressed on most mature, conventional B cells (but not on peritoneal CD5+ B cells), and can also be found on the surface of T cells, macrophages, platelets and EBV transformed B lymphoblasts. Expression of CD23 has been detected in neoplastic cells from cases of B cell chronic Lymphocytic leukemia. CD23 is expressed by B cells in the follicular mantle zone but not by proliferating germinal centre cells. CD23 is also expressed by eosinophils. CD23 is distinct from the high affinity IgE receptors found on basophils and mast cells, which mediate allergic reactions. The low affinity receptors are thought to play a role in isotype specific immunoregulation. The regulation of CD23 surface expression appears to be integral with the complex IgE system, which involves interactions of cells, cytokines, antibodies and regulatory factors.
The human leukocyte differentiation antigen CD23 (FCER2) is a key molecule for B-cell activation and growth. It is the low-affinity receptor for IgE. The truncated molecule can be secreted, then functioning as a potent mitogenic growth factor. It is expressed on most mature, conventional B cells (but not on peritoneal CD5+ B cells), and can also be found on the surface of T cells, macrophages, platelets and EBV transformed B lymphoblasts. Expression of CD23 has been detected in neoplastic cells from cases of B cell chronic Lymphocytic leukemia. CD23 is expressed by B cells in the follicular mantle zone but not by proliferating germinal centre cells. CD23 is also expressed by eosinophils. CD23 is distinct from the high affinity IgE receptors found on basophils and mast cells, which mediate allergic reactions. The low affinity receptors are thought to play a role in isotype specific immunoregulation. The regulation of CD23 surface expression appears to be integral with the complex IgE system, which involves interactions of cells, cytokines, antibodies and regulatory factors.
CD22 protein may be involved in the localization of B-cells in lymphoid tissues. CD22 is expressed in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of B-cells. CD22 is especially useful in diagnostics of hairy cell leukemia and classification of the B-cell lymphomas.
CD22 protein may be involved in the localization of B-cells in lymphoid tissues. CD22 is expressed in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of B-cells. CD22 is especially useful in diagnostics of hairy cell leukemia and classification of the B-cell lymphomas.
The CD20 antigen is present on human pre B lymphocytes and on B lymphocytes at all stages of maturation, except on plasma cells. Low level expression of the CD20 antigen has been detected on subpopulation of T lymphocytes. CD20 is expressed widely in the large majority of cases of B-cell leukaemia and lymphoma. The CD20 molecule is involved in regulation of B cell differentiation, presumably via its reported function as a Ca++ channel subunit.
The CD20 antigen is present on human pre B lymphocytes and on B lymphocytes at all stages of maturation, except on plasma cells. Low level expression of the CD20 antigen has been detected on subpopulation of T lymphocytes. CD20 is expressed widely in the large majority of cases of B-cell leukaemia and lymphoma. The CD20 molecule is involved in regulation of B cell differentiation, presumably via its reported function as a Ca++ channel subunit.
CD2 is a surface antigen of the human T-lymphocyte lineage that is expressed on all peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. It is one of the earliest T-cell markers, being present on more than 95% of thymocytes; it is also found on some natural killer cells but not on B lymphocytes. CD2 antibody is useful for lymphoma diagnostic.
CD2 is a surface antigen of the human T-lymphocyte lineage that is expressed on all peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. It is one of the earliest T-cell markers, being present on more than 95% of thymocytes; it is also found on some natural killer cells but not on B lymphocytes. CD2 antibody is useful for lymphoma diagnostic.
CD14 antigen is a GPI-linked glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 55kD. The CD14 antigen is expressed on cells of the myelomonocytic lineage including monocytes, macrophages and Langerhans cells. Low expression is observed on neutrophils and on human B cells. CD14 antigen is a receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) and the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP). LBP and CD14 antigen serves two physiological roles. These proteins act as opsonin and opsonic receptor, respectively, to promote the phagocytic uptake of bacteria or LPScoated particles by macrophages.
CD14 antigen is a GPI-linked glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 55kD. The CD14 antigen is expressed on cells of the myelomonocytic lineage including monocytes, macrophages and Langerhans cells. Low expression is observed on neutrophils and on human B cells. CD14 antigen is a receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) and the lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP). LBP and CD14 antigen serves two physiological roles. These proteins act as opsonin and opsonic receptor, respectively, to promote the phagocytic uptake of bacteria or LPScoated particles by macrophages.
CD13 is a transmembrane protease which expressed widely in different tissues and cells. CD13 expressed especially cells of myeloid origin but also eg. in bile canaliculi of liver, fibroblasts, proximal tubules of kidney, and vascular endothelia. CD13 is useful marker for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and differentiating between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-hepatocellular tumors.
CD13 is a transmembrane protease which expressed widely in different tissues and cells. CD13 expressed especially cells of myeloid origin but also eg. in bile canaliculi of liver, fibroblasts, proximal tubules of kidney, and vascular endothelia. CD13 is useful marker for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and differentiating between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-hepatocellular tumors.
CD11c is cell surface transmembrane receptor which is mostly expressed on granulocytes, macrophages, monocytes, NK-cells, and some of T- and B-lymphocytes. CD11c is useful especially for diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia (HCL). CD11c can be offer great value for detection panel of HCL with DBA.44, CD103 and other HCL markers
CD11c is cell surface transmembrane receptor which is mostly expressed on granulocytes, macrophages, monocytes, NK-cells, and some of T- and B-lymphocytes. CD11c is useful especially for diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia (HCL). CD11c can be offer great value for detection panel of HCL with DBA.44, CD103 and other HCL markers
CD11b is a membranous protein with a role in adhesive interactions of many leukocytes, especially macrophages, and subsets of lymphocytes. The expression of CD11b increases during maturation and expression levels vary depending on the type of cell. CD11b can be used as common myeloid and NK cell marker. Useful marker for acute promyelocytic leukemia, hair cell leukemia and AML differentiations. Systemic lupus erythematosus is also shown to be associated with CD11b dysfunction.
CD11b is a membranous protein with a role in adhesive interactions of many leukocytes, especially macrophages, and subsets of lymphocytes. The expression of CD11b increases during maturation and expression levels vary depending on the type of cell. CD11b can be used as common myeloid and NK cell marker. Useful marker for acute promyelocytic leukemia, hair cell leukemia and AML differentiations. Systemic lupus erythematosus is also shown to be associated with CD11b dysfunction.
CD117 is a cell membrane protein encoded by the c-kit proto-oncogene. CD117 is expressed in mast cells, skin melanocytes and interstitial Cajal cells (ICC). These cells show a strong membrane and cytoplasmic staining. CD117 is also expressed in various epithelia (salivary glands, renal tubular cells etc.). Appendix serves as a good positive and negative control tissue. Neoplasms such as gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), mast cell neoplasms and many other (seminoma, Mercel cell carcinoma etc.) express CD117. This antibody (together with DOG-1, CD34, SMA) is of great importance in the diagnosis of GIST, because of specific treatment of GIST patient with Gleveec.
CD117 is a cell membrane protein encoded by the c-kit proto-oncogene. CD117 is expressed in mast cells, skin melanocytes and interstitial Cajal cells (ICC). These cells show a strong membrane and cytoplasmic staining. CD117 is also expressed in various epithelia (salivary glands, renal tubular cells etc.). Appendix serves as a good positive and negative control tissue. Neoplasms such as gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), mast cell neoplasms and many other (seminoma, Mercel cell carcinoma etc.) express CD117. This antibody (together with DOG-1, CD34, SMA) is of great importance in the diagnosis of GIST, because of specific treatment of GIST patient with Gleveec.
CD10 is a 100kDa glycoprotein, also designated Common Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Antigen (CALLA). It is a cell surface enzyme with neutral metalloendopeptidase activity which inactivates a variety of biologically active peptides. CD10 is expressed on the cells of lymphoblastic, Burkitts, and follicular germinal center lymphomas, and on cells from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). It is also expressed on the surface of normal early lymphoid progenitor cells, immature B cells within adult bone marrow and germinal center B cells within lymphoid tissue. CD10 is also present on breast myoepithelial cells, bile canaliculi, fibroblasts, with especially high expression on the brush border of kidney and gut epithelial cells.
CD10 is a 100kDa glycoprotein, also designated Common Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Antigen (CALLA). It is a cell surface enzyme with neutral metalloendopeptidase activity which inactivates a variety of biologically active peptides. CD10 is expressed on the cells of lymphoblastic, Burkitts, and follicular germinal center lymphomas, and on cells from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). It is also expressed on the surface of normal early lymphoid progenitor cells, immature B cells within adult bone marrow and germinal center B cells within lymphoid tissue. CD10 is also present on breast myoepithelial cells, bile canaliculi, fibroblasts, with especially high expression on the brush border of kidney and gut epithelial cells.
Caveolin-1 is a protein which is major structural component of the cell membrane caveolae. Caveolae is structure of the cell membrane invagination. Caveolin-1 is widely expressed in the normal tissue, eg. muscle tissue, vascular endothelia, fibroblasts and adipocytes. Caveolin-1 is useful in lung marker panel, especially in differentiating diagnosis of the epithelioid mesothelioma from lung adenocarcinoma.
Caveolin-1 is a protein which is major structural component of the cell membrane caveolae. Caveolae is structure of the cell membrane invagination. Caveolin-1 is widely expressed in the normal tissue, eg. muscle tissue, vascular endothelia, fibroblasts and adipocytes. Caveolin-1 is useful in lung marker panel, especially in differentiating diagnosis of the epithelioid mesothelioma from lung adenocarcinoma.
Calretinin is a calcium-binding protein and it is expressed in neurons and in nervous system. Calretinin is also expressed in mesothelial cells and steroid producing cells eg. Leydig cells and adrenal cortical cells as well as fat cells and some neuroendocrine cells. Calretinin located in the cells to nucleus and cytoplasm. Calretinin is useful for mesothelioma diagnostic (differentiate diagnostic between mesothelioma from carcinoma) and it is expressed in most malignant mesothelioma.
Calretinin is a calcium-binding protein and it is expressed in neurons and in nervous system. Calretinin is also expressed in mesothelial cells and steroid producing cells eg. Leydig cells and adrenal cortical cells as well as fat cells and some neuroendocrine cells. Calretinin located in the cells to nucleus and cytoplasm. Calretinin is useful for mesothelioma diagnostic (differentiate diagnostic between mesothelioma from carcinoma) and it is expressed in most malignant mesothelioma.
Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) is a member of the zinc metalloenzymes that catalyse the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide and is anchored to cell membrane. CA9 is expressed in human gastrointestinal tract, chiefly in stomach, and bile ducts of liver. In neoplasia, high expression levels have been reported in different carcinomas, especially in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. CA9 is also upregulated in hypoxia.
Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) is a member of the zinc metalloenzymes that catalyse the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide and is anchored to cell membrane. CA9 is expressed in human gastrointestinal tract, chiefly in stomach, and bile ducts of liver. In neoplasia, high expression levels have been reported in different carcinomas, especially in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. CA9 is also upregulated in hypoxia.
Beta-Catenin is a member of catenin family together with alpha and gamma catenin. It mediates cell-cell adhesion with cadherins and it is key regulatory protein in signaling through the WNT pathway. Beta catenin has a role in cellular proliferation, differentiation and development. Mutations in beta catenin gene (CTNNB1) leads accumulation of the beta catenin protein in cytoplasm and nucleus in different type of tumors eg. endometrial carcinoma and desmoid tumors. This antibody is useful in differentiation diagnostic of tumors.
Beta-Catenin is a member of catenin family together with alpha and gamma catenin. It mediates cell-cell adhesion with cadherins and it is key regulatory protein in signaling through the WNT pathway. Beta catenin has a role in cellular proliferation, differentiation and development. Mutations in beta catenin gene (CTNNB1) leads accumulation of the beta catenin protein in cytoplasm and nucleus in different type of tumors eg. endometrial carcinoma and desmoid tumors. This antibody is useful in differentiation diagnostic of tumors.
Beta-Catenin is a member of catenin family together with alpha and gamma catenin. It mediates cell-cell adhesion with cadherins and it is key regulatory protein in signaling through the WNT pathway. Beta catenin has a role in cellular proliferation, differentiation and development. Mutations in beta catenin gene (CTNNB1) leads accumulation of the beta catenin protein in cytoplasm and nucleus in different type of tumors eg. endometrial carcinoma and desmoid tumors. This antibody is useful in differentiation diagnostic of tumors.
Beta-Catenin is a member of catenin family together with alpha and gamma catenin. It mediates cell-cell adhesion with cadherins and it is key regulatory protein in signaling through the WNT pathway. Beta catenin has a role in cellular proliferation, differentiation and development. Mutations in beta catenin gene (CTNNB1) leads accumulation of the beta catenin protein in cytoplasm and nucleus in different type of tumors eg. endometrial carcinoma and desmoid tumors. This antibody is useful in differentiation diagnostic of tumors.
B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2 (Bcl-2) is an inhibitor of apoptosis, and its expression is generally abundant in cells which dividing and differentiating. In lymphatic tissue, Bcl-2 is highly expressed in T-cells, maturating B cells as well as mature B-cells. However, expression level in germinal center B-cells is downregulated. Overexpression of the Bcl-2 is common in leukemia and various carcinomas and sarcomas. Overexpression is common especially in non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Bcl-2 is helpful to classification of the follicular lymphoma or other lymphomas
B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2 (Bcl-2) is an inhibitor of apoptosis, and its expression is generally abundant in cells which dividing and differentiating. In lymphatic tissue, Bcl-2 is highly expressed in T-cells, maturating B cells as well as mature B-cells. However, expression level in germinal center B-cells is downregulated. Overexpression of the Bcl-2 is common in leukemia and various carcinomas and sarcomas. Overexpression is common especially in non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Bcl-2 is helpful to classification of the follicular lymphoma or other lymphomas
The androgen receptor (AR), also known as NR3C4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 4), is a type of nuclear receptor which is activated by binding of either of the androgenic hormones testosterone or dihydrotestosterone in the cytoplasm and then translocating into the nucleus. The androgen receptor is most closely related to the progesterone receptor, and progestins in higher dosages can block the androgen receptor. The main function of the androgen receptor is as a DNA binding transcription factor which regulates gene expression; however, the androgen receptor has other functions as well. Androgen regulated genes are critical for the development and maintenance of the male sexual phenotype.
The androgen receptor (AR), also known as NR3C4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 4), is a type of nuclear receptor which is activated by binding of either of the androgenic hormones testosterone or dihydrotestosterone in the cytoplasm and then translocating into the nucleus. The androgen receptor is most closely related to the progesterone receptor, and progestins in higher dosages can block the androgen receptor. The main function of the androgen receptor is as a DNA binding transcription factor which regulates gene expression; however, the androgen receptor has other functions as well. Androgen regulated genes are critical for the development and maintenance of the male sexual phenotype.
AMACR (alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase) has been recently described as prostate cancer-specific gene that encodes a protein involved in the beta-oxidation of branched chain fatty acids. Expression of AMACR protein is found in prostatic adenocarcinoma but not in benign prostatic tissue. It stains premalignant lesions of prostate: high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. AMACR can be used as a positive marker for PIN. Defects in AMACR are the cause of congenital bile acid synthesis defect type 4 (CBAS4); also known as cholestasis, intrahepatic, with defective conversion of trihydroxycoprostanic acid to cholic acid or trihydroxycoprostanic acid in bile. Clinical features include neonatal jaundice, intrahepatic cholestasis, bile duct deficiency and absence of cholic acid from bile.
AMACR (alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase) has been recently described as prostate cancer-specific gene that encodes a protein involved in the beta-oxidation of branched chain fatty acids. Expression of AMACR protein is found in prostatic adenocarcinoma but not in benign prostatic tissue. It stains premalignant lesions of prostate: high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia. AMACR can be used as a positive marker for PIN. Defects in AMACR are the cause of congenital bile acid synthesis defect type 4 (CBAS4); also known as cholestasis, intrahepatic, with defective conversion of trihydroxycoprostanic acid to cholic acid or trihydroxycoprostanic acid in bile. Clinical features include neonatal jaundice, intrahepatic cholestasis, bile duct deficiency and absence of cholic acid from bile.
The ZAP-70 (zeta-associated protein of 70 kDa) tyrosine kinase was identified as a tyrosine phosphoprotein that associates with TCR zeta subunit and undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation following TCR stimulation. ZAP-70 is a Syk family tyrosine kinase primarily expressed in T and NK cells that plays an essential role in signaling through the TCR. TCR-mediated activation of T cells is crucial to the immune response. In humans, ZAP-70 gene mutations resulting in lower ZAP-70 protein expression levels or expression of catalytically inactive ZAP-70 proteins, have been identified. ZAP-70 deficiency results in the absence of mature CD8+ T cells and the prevention of TCR-mediated activation of CD4+ T cells, and it can lead to severe combined immunodeficiency.In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), ZAP-70 expression on B cell was shown to be correlated with disease progression and survival. ZAP-70 contains two N-terminal SH2 domains (Src homology domain 2) and a C-terminal kinase domain. During T cell activation, the binding of ZAP-70 SH2 domains to the phosphorylated zeta subunit on the activated TCR complex causes a colocalization with the Lck tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates ZAP-70 on Tyr493 in the activation loop. ZAP-70 autophosphorylates multiple tyrosines in the region between the SH2 domains and the kinase domain, including the binding sites for additional SH2-containing signaling proteins such as SLP76, LAT, Lck, PLCgamma1, Vav, Shc, Ras-GAP, and Abl. ZAP-70-mediated activation of these downstream effectors leads to the release of intracellular calcium stores, and the transcription of interleukin-2 and other genes important for an immune response.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
Store at 2-8°C. Do not freeze. Do not use after expiration date stamped on vial label.
Immunogen:
A KLH-coupled peptide corresponding to amino acids 282-307 of human ZAP-70
Applications:
FC,IP,WB,ICC
Additional Info:
The mouse monoclonal antibody 1E7.2 recognizes ZAP-70, a 70 kDa protein tyrosine kinase expressed in T and NK cells.<br>_x000D_ <b>ZAP-70 is a molecule susceptible to degradation.</b> It is recommended to use freshly prepared cell lysates (protease inhibitors are essential) to avoid non-specific staining of degradation products.<br>_x000D_ <i>This product is for research and in vitro experimental use only. It is not to be used for any other commercial purpose. Use of this product to produce products for sale or for therapeutic or drug discovery purposes is prohibited. In order to obtain a license to use this product for commercial purposes, contact The Regents of the Univessity of California.</i>
Clone number:
1E7.2
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
Flow cytometry: Recommended dilution for purified antibody: 1 ?g/ml, intracellular staining. Recommended protocol for primary antibody conjugates using ADG Fix and Perm kit: 1) Add 50 ?l peripheral blood to a 5 ml FACS tube; 2) Proceed surface staining with appropriate amount of surface antibody (20 min at room temperature); 3) Add 100 ?l of Reagent A (Fixation Medium, stored and used at room temperature); 4) Incubate for 15 minutes at room temperature; 5) Add 4 ml PBS buffer and centrifuge at 300 g for 5 minutes at room temperature; 6) Remove supernatant and add to cells pellet 100 ?l Reagent B (Permeabilization Medium) and 20 ?l of ZAP-70-PE antibody or 10 ?l of ZAP-70-FITC antibody (red blood cells are not lysed yet); 7) Vortex at low speed for 1-2 seconds (pellet must be resuspended); 8) Incubate for 15 minutes at room temperature; 9) Add to cells mixture of 1 ml Reagent B and 3 ml PBS buffer and centrifuge at 300 g for 5 minutes at room temperature; 10) Remove supernatant and resuspend cells in 100 ?l PBS buffer; 11) Analyze immediately.Western blotting: Recommended dilution: 1-2 ?g/ml, positive control: MOLT-4 cells.
The ZAP-70 (zeta-associated protein of 70 kDa) tyrosine kinase was identified as a tyrosine phosphoprotein that associates with TCR zeta subunit and undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation following TCR stimulation. ZAP-70 is a Syk family tyrosine kinase primarily expressed in T and NK cells that plays an essential role in signaling through the TCR. TCR-mediated activation of T cells is crucial to the immune response. In humans, ZAP-70 gene mutations resulting in lower ZAP-70 protein expression levels or expression of catalytically inactive ZAP-70 proteins, have been identified. ZAP-70 deficiency results in the absence of mature CD8+ T cells and the prevention of TCR-mediated activation of CD4+ T cells, and it can lead to severe combined immunodeficiency.In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), ZAP-70 expression on B cell was shown to be correlated with disease progression and survival. ZAP-70 contains two N-terminal SH2 domains (Src homology domain 2) and a C-terminal kinase domain. During T cell activation, the binding of ZAP-70 SH2 domains to the phosphorylated zeta subunit on the activated TCR complex causes a colocalization with the Lck tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates ZAP-70 on Tyr493 in the activation loop. ZAP-70 autophosphorylates multiple tyrosines in the region between the SH2 domains and the kinase domain, including the binding sites for additional SH2-containing signaling proteins such as SLP76, LAT, Lck, PLCgamma1, Vav, Shc, Ras-GAP, and Abl. ZAP-70-mediated activation of these downstream effectors leads to the release of intracellular calcium stores, and the transcription of interleukin-2 and other genes important for an immune response.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
Store in the dark at 2-8°C. Do not freeze. Avoid prolonged exposure to light. Do not use after expiration date stamped on vial label.
Immunogen:
A KLH-coupled peptide corresponding to amino acids 282-307 of human ZAP-70
Applications:
FC
Additional Info:
The mouse monoclonal antibody 1E7.2 recognizes ZAP-70, a 70 kDa protein tyrosine kinase expressed in T and NK cells.<br>_x000D_<b>ZAP-70 is a molecule susceptible to degradation.</b> It is recommended to use freshly prepared cell lysates (protease inhibitors are essential) to avoid non-specific staining of degradation products.<br>_x000D_<i>This product is for research and in vitro experimental use only. It is not to be used for any other commercial purpose. Use of this product to produce products for sale or for therapeutic or drug discovery purposes is prohibited. In order to obtain a license to use this product for commercial purposes, contact The Regents of the Univessity of California.</i>
The ZAP-70 (zeta-associated protein of 70 kDa) tyrosine kinase was identified as a tyrosine phosphoprotein that associates with TCR zeta subunit and undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation following TCR stimulation. ZAP-70 is a Syk family tyrosine kinase primarily expressed in T and NK cells that plays an essential role in signaling through the TCR. TCR-mediated activation of T cells is crucial to the immune response. In humans, ZAP-70 gene mutations resulting in lower ZAP-70 protein expression levels or expression of catalytically inactive ZAP-70 proteins, have been identified. ZAP-70 deficiency results in the absence of mature CD8+ T cells and the prevention of TCR-mediated activation of CD4+ T cells, and it can lead to severe combined immunodeficiency.In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), ZAP-70 expression on B cell was shown to be correlated with disease progression and survival. ZAP-70 contains two N-terminal SH2 domains (Src homology domain 2) and a C-terminal kinase domain. During T cell activation, the binding of ZAP-70 SH2 domains to the phosphorylated zeta subunit on the activated TCR complex causes a colocalization with the Lck tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates ZAP-70 on Tyr493 in the activation loop. ZAP-70 autophosphorylates multiple tyrosines in the region between the SH2 domains and the kinase domain, including the binding sites for additional SH2-containing signaling proteins such as SLP76, LAT, Lck, PLCgamma1, Vav, Shc, Ras-GAP, and Abl. ZAP-70-mediated activation of these downstream effectors leads to the release of intracellular calcium stores, and the transcription of interleukin-2 and other genes important for an immune response.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
Store in the dark at 2-8°C. Do not freeze. Avoid prolonged exposure to light. Do not use after expiration date stamped on vial label.
Immunogen:
A KLH-coupled peptide corresponding to amino acids 282-307 of human ZAP-70
Applications:
FC,IP,WB,ICC
Additional Info:
The mouse monoclonal antibody 1E7.2 recognizes ZAP-70, a 70 kDa protein tyrosine kinase expressed in T and NK cells.<br>_x000D_ <b>ZAP-70 is a molecule susceptible to degradation.</b> It is recommended to use freshly prepared cell lysates (protease inhibitors are essential) to avoid non-specific staining of degradation products.<br>_x000D_ <i>This product is for research and in vitro experimental use only. It is not to be used for any other commercial purpose. Use of this product to produce products for sale or for therapeutic or drug discovery purposes is prohibited. In order to obtain a license to use this product for commercial purposes, contact The Regents of the Univessity of California.</i>
s Western Blotting Filter Paper is pre-cut cotton fiber for wet or semi-dry, passive or electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels (SDS-PAGE) to PVDF, nitrocellulose, or other membranes. These filter papers are manufactured with ultrapure water and contain no additives that can interfere with any application. The smooth sheets are suitable for use with alcohol and other organic solvents involved in protein transfer and nucleic acid blotting. The papers also provide a uniform flow of buffer through the gel to the transfer membrance in a blotting sandwich.
s Western Blotting Filter Paper is pre-cut cotton fiber for wet or semi-dry, passive or electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels (SDS-PAGE) to PVDF, nitrocellulose, or other membranes. These filter papers are manufactured with ultrapure water and contain no additives that can interfere with any application. The smooth sheets are suitable for use with alcohol and other organic solvents involved in protein transfer and nucleic acid blotting. The papers also provide a uniform flow of buffer through the gel to the transfer membrance in a blotting sandwich.
SDS PAGE Sample Buffer 2X (Reducing) is the most commonly used sample buffer for Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate - Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of denatured proteins in the Laemmli SDS-PAGE system.
RIPA Lysis Buffer reagent is a complete cell lysis reagent popularly used for cultured mammalian cells. RIPA lysis buffer is highly compatible with immunoassays, protein purification procedures, immunoprecipitation, and western blotting.
Product Type:
Buffers & Mixes
Storage Temp:
Upon receipt store at 4°C. RIPA Lysis Buffer is stable for one year. Product is shipped on ice.
Rat STK11(Serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11) ELISA Kit
Product Type:
Assay & Detection
Storage Temp:
4°C
Applications:
ELISA
Biosite Brand:
BioSite ELISA
Species Reactivity:
rat
UniProt No:
D4AE59
Cookies:
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