The monoclonal antibody M.Ab.F11 recognizes junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) also known as the human platelet F11-Receptor (F11R) or JAM-1. JAM-A is a surface glycoprotein duplex (32 and 35 kDa) belongingto the immunoglobulin superfamily found on the surface of human platelets and at intercellular junctions of endothelial cells and epithelial cells. JAM-A belongs together with JAM-C (JAM-2) and JAM-B (VE-JAM or JAM-3) to a family of adhesion proteins with a V-C2 immunoglobulin domain organization. JAM-A plays an important role in tight junctions where it is involved in cell-to-cell adhesion through homophilic interactions. It co-distributes with other tight junction components such as ZO-1, 7H6 antigen, cingulin and occludin. Moreover, JAM-A plays a role in platelet aggregation, secretion, adhesion, spreading.<br /> In the platelet, JAM-A is a membrane protein involved in 2 distinct processes initiated on the platelet surface. Namely,, antibody-induced platelet aggregation and secretion both dependent on FcgammaRII and GPIIb/IIIa integrin, a process that may be involved in pathophysiological processes associated with certain thrombocytopenias and secondly, antibody mediated platelet adhesion independent from FcgammaRII or- fibrinogen receptor that appears to play a role in physiological processes associated with platelet adhesion and aggregation. A physiological role for the JAM-A protein was demonstrated by its phosphorylation after the stimulation of platelets by thrombin and collagen. A pathophysiological role for the JAM-A was revealed by demonstrating the presence of JAM-A antibodies in patients with thrombocytopenia. Adhesion of platelets through JAM-A resulted in events characteristic of the action of cell adhesion molecules. Recent data suggests a role for JAM-A in the adhesion of platelets to cytokine-inflamed endothelial cells and thus in thrombosis and atherosclerosis induced in non-denuded blood vessels by inflammatory processes.
CD89 (Fc-alpha-R) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein serving as a receptor for IgA. Soluble CD89 is detectable in serum and retains its IgA binding capacity. For signal transduction the association with FcR gamma chain homodimers is needed. CD89 is expressed on granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and myeloid cell lines. Its expression is upregulated in presence of IgA immune complexes, stimulators (such as LPS, PMA), TNF alpha, IL1 beta or GM-CSF, and it is downregulated in presence of TGF beta and suramin. Binding of IgA-opsonized targets to CD89 leads to phagocytic and cytotoxic processes of the immunologic defense.SpecificityThe mouse monoclonal antibody A59 recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD89, a 55-100 kDa glycoprotein serving as a receptor for IgA and expressed mainly on granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages.Application detailsFlow cytometry: Recommended dilution: 1-4 ?g/ml.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1 kappa
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
A59
Concentration:
1 mg/ml
Format:
Purified by protein-A affinity chromatography.
Storage buffer:
Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 15 mM sodium azide
CD42b (GPIb alpha) composes together with GPIb beta, GPIX and GPV the GPIb-IX-V receptor complex critical in the process of platelet-rich thrombus formation by tethering the platelet to a thrombogenic surface. CD42b binds to von Willebrand factor (VWF) exposed at a site of vascular injury, as well as to thrombin, coagulation factors XI and XII, high molecular weight kininogen, TSP-1, integrin Mac-1 and P-selectin. The extracellular domain of CD42b by its interactions also contributes to metastasis. Specificity: The mouse monoclonal antibody A59 recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD89, a 55-100 kDa glycoprotein serving as a receptor for IgA and expressed mainly on granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages. Application details: Flow cytometry: Recommended dilution: 1-4 ?g/ml.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
AK2
Concentration:
1 mg/ml
Format:
Purified by protein-A affinity chromatography.
Storage buffer:
Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, 15 mM sodium azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Vettore S et al. Haematologica 2008, 93(11): 1743-7
References 2:
Welsh JD et al. J Thromb Haemost 2012, 10(11):2344-53
The monoclonal antibody 5G5 recognizes human Toll-like receptor 9. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. TLRs constitute of a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that mediate cellular responses to a large variety of pathogens (viruses, bacteria, and parasites) by specific recognition of so-called âpathogen-associated molecular patternsâ. Activation of TLRs, a family of at least 11 differentmembers that function either as homo- or heterodimers, leads to activation of NFκB-dependent and IFNregulatory factor-dependent signaling pathways. TLRs have a central role in innate immunity and are also required for the development of an adaptive immune response. TLRs are expressed by various cells of the immune system, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. They recognize and respond to molecules derived from bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens.<br /> Whereas most TLRs are expressed on the cell surface, TLR9 is expressed intracellularly within one or more endosomal compartments and recognizes nucleic acids. TLR9 detects a rather subtle difference in the DNA of vertebrates compared with that of pathogens. Vertebrate genomic DNAs have mostly methylated CpG dinucleotides where bacterial and viral DNAs have unmethylated CpG dinucleotides. TLR9 undergoes relocation from endoplasmic reticulum to CpG-ODN-containing endosomes. In these endosomes TLR9 becomes a functional receptor after proteolytic cleavage. TLR9 exists as a preformed homodimer and CpG-ODN binding promotes its conformational change, bringing the cytoplasmic TIR-like domains close to each other. This allows a recruitment of the key adapter protein MyD88 which initiates a signalling cascade. The only human immune cell types known to constitutively express TLR9 and to be activated by CpG ODN are pDCs and B cells. TLR9 triggering induces an activation phenotype in the B cells and pDCs, characterized by the expression of costimulatory molecules, resistance to apoptosis, and induces Th1-type immune response profiles.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
5G5
Concentration:
100 ug/ ml
Storage buffer:
PBS with 0.1% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Ahmad-Nejad; P et al. Eur J Immunol 2002; 32: 1958
The monoclonal antibody 5G5 reacts with the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9, CD289). TLRs are highly conserved throughout evolution and have been implicated in the innate defence to many pathogens. In Drosophila, toll is required for the anti-fungal response, while the related 18-wheeler is involved in antibacterial defences. In mammals, TLRs identified as type I transmembrane signalling receptors with pattern recognition capabilities, have been implicated in the innate host defence to pathogens. As investigated so far all functional characterized TLR signal via the TLR/IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) pathway where recruitment of MyD88 seems to be essential. In contrast to cell-wall components, bacterial DNA is probably invisible for immune cells until DNA is liberated during processes taking place in the endosomal/lysosomal compartment where intracellular TLR9 recruits MyD88 to initiate signal transduction. Unmethylated CpG-dinucleotide-containing sequences are found much more frequently in bacterial genomes than in vertebrates genomes, whereas the frequency of CpG dinucleotides are suppressed and usually methylated. The regions adjacent to the CpG dinucleotides also affect the immunostimulatory activity. The optimal sequence differs significantly between mammalian species. Methylated CpG dinucleotides lack immunostimulatory activities. Cellular activation in response to bacterial DNA and synthetic dinucleotides containing unmethylated CpG-dinucleotides is mediated by TLR9. The monoclonal antibody 5G5 reacts with RAW macrophages and TLR9 transfected HEK293 cells, and it is cross reactive with canine TLR9.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
5G5
Concentration:
100 ug/ ml
Storage buffer:
PBS with 0.1% BSA and 0.02% sodium azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Ahmad-Nejad; P et al. Eur J Immunol 2002; 32: 1958
BM-5 is specific marker for human myeloid cells and an early marker of myeloid differentiation. It recognizes a nuclear and cytoplasmic antigen present in granulocytes, monocytes, and myeloid precursor cells. It also reacts with a subset of myeloid leukemia cells. BM-5 has no reactivity with any other cell type in human tissues.
100-1A5 reacts with CD1b, a 44KDa type 1 glycoprotein associated with beta2-microglobulin. It is expressed on dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, thymocytes and T acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. CD1, type 1 membrane protein, has structural similarity to the MHC class 1 molecule and has been shown to present lipid antigens for recognition by T lymphocytes. CD1b is also expressed in Langerhans interdigitating cells. 100-1A5 also reacts with pyramidal cells in the brain and was typed at the IVth International CD Workshop.
Antibody Isotype:
IgM
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
100-1A5
Concentration:
100 ug/ml
Storage buffer:
PBS with 0.02% sodium azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Knapp et. al., W (1989). Leucocyte typing IV. Oxford University Press
The monoclonal antibody recognizes rat CD8 antigen (MW 34 kDa and 39 kDa) and is reactive with all common inbred strains. 15-11C5 is derived from hybridization of mouse SP2/0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from Balb/c mice immunized with WAG/Rij spleen cells.
152-1D5 reacts with human CD84 (Mw 74 kDa). CD84 is expressed on mature B-cells and on Bcell lines but not on plasma cell lines. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that it strongly stains tissue macrophages. It is also expressed on platelets and at low levels on blood T-cells. It is a highly N-glycosylated protein and belongs to immunoglobulin superfamily. It may play a role in leukocyte activation but cellular expression does not significantly increase after activation. 152- 1D5 was clustered at the Vth WLDA.
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Monosan Range:
MONOSAN
Clone:
152-1D5
Concentration:
100 ug/ml
Storage buffer:
PBS with 0.02% sodium azide
Storage:
2-8°C
References 1:
Schlossman SF et al. (eds) Leukocyte Typing V. p.699-700, (1995)
References 2:
De la Fuente, M, et al, Blood 90(6): 2398-2405 (1997)
Mouse anti-Rhodopsin Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Photoreceptor required for image-forming vision at low light intensity. Required for photoreceptor cell viability after birth (By similarity). Light-induced isomerization of 11-cis to all-trans retinal triggers a conformational change that activates signaling via G-proteins (PubMed:10926528, PubMed:12044163, PubMed:11972040, PubMed:16908857, PubMed:16586416, PubMed:17060607, PubMed:17449675, PubMed:18818650, PubMed:21389983, PubMed:22198838, PubMed:23579341, PubMed:25205354, PubMed:27458239). Subsequent receptor phosphorylation mediates displacement of the bound G-protein alpha subunit by the arrestin SAG and terminates signaling (PubMed:1396673, PubMed:15111114). Ref: uniprot.org
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Bovine,Human,Mouse,Pig,Rat
Immunogen:
Purified bovine rhodopsin
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Clone number:
B630
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
Western blotting (1:5,000) and Immunohistochemistry (1:1,000). Due to the highly hydrophobic nature of rhodopsin, avoid boiling samples in SDS-PAGE sample buffer for rhodopsin analysis by Western Blotting, as this will result in extensive aggregation of the rhodopsin protein and appearance of high molecular weight bands. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Bovine,reacts with Human, Rat, Mouse, Cow, Pig. Expected to react with other mammalian species.
Storage:
Store lyophilized antibody at 2-8°C. After reconstitution divide into aliquots and store at -20°C for long-term storage. Store at 2-8°C short-term (up to 4 weeks) with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Mouse anti-Ki-67 Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC.
Background Info:
Required to maintain individual mitotic chromosomes dispersed in the cytoplasm following nuclear envelope disassembly (PubMed:27362226). Associates with the surface of the mitotic chromosome, the perichromosomal layer, and covers a substantial fraction of the chromosome surface (PubMed:27362226). Prevents chromosomes from collapsing into a single chromatin mass by forming a steric and electrostatic charge barrier: the protein has a high net electrical charge and acts as a surfactant, dispersing chromosomes and enabling independent chromosome motility (PubMed:27362226). Binds DNA, with a preference for supercoiled DNA and AT-rich DNA (PubMed:10878551). Does not contribute to the internal structure of mitotic chromosomes (By similarity). May play a role in chromatin organization (PubMed:24867636). It is however unclear whether it plays a direct role in chromatin organization or whether it is an indirect consequence of its function in maintaining mitotic chromosomes dispersed (Probable). Ref: uniprot.org
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant human Ki-67 protein (amino acids 1,111-1,490) expressed in and purified from <i>E. coli.</i>
Applications:
ICC,WB
Clone number:
6B4
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
Western blotting (1:1,000-1:5,000) and Immunocytochemistry (1:2,000-1:5,000). Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
KI-67
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Human,reacts with Human only. Does not react with Mouse or Rat.
Storage:
Store lyophilized antibody at 2-8°C. After reconstitution divide into aliquots and store at -20°C for long-term storage. Store at 2-8°C short-term (up to 4 weeks) with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
MC192-saporin is an antibody conjugate comprising of the monoclonal antibody MC192 against rat p75 NTR , the nerve growth factor receptor, chemically conjugated via a reducible disulfide bridge to the ribosome-inactivating protein saporin, purified from saponaria officinalis . Unconjugated saporin is incapable of entering the cells due to the apparent lack of ligand. Upon specific binding via MC192 to the cells expressing p75 NTR , saporin transverses the cell membrane leading to lesion of neurochemically defined neuronal populations. The targets of MC192-Saporin are p75 NTR -expressing cells including cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain, cerebellar Purkinje cells, medial septum, diagonal band of Broca, Nucleus basalis of Meynert and some tumour cells. MC192-saporin has been used in the study of learning and memory and its primary application is in vivo , MC192-saporin is specific for applications in rat. The antibody does not cross-react with human or mouse p75 NTR receptors.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from a 1 mg/mL solution containing PBS pH 7.2-7.6 without preservative.
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Rat
Immunogen:
Rat NGF receptor (p75NTR)
Applications:
In-vivo
Clone number:
MC192
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
1. To specifically target and eliminate rat cells expressing p75NTR <i>in vivo</i>. MC192-saporin has been used to selectively lesion cholinergic neurons of basal forebrain to create an animal model to study Alzheimer's disease. <br> 2. To be used as a model for gene delivery into neurons.<br><br>Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Active. Ablates p75-positive cells in rat in vivo. Routinely tested for dose-dependent killing of rat C6 cells in vitro. Note that the primary use of MC192-saporin is for in vivo applications in rat. Effective MC192-saporin concentrations must be determined for every new batch.
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Saporin
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
MC192 antibody is specific only for rat NGFR, no reactivity to human or mouse NGFR has been reported This monoclonal antibody does not cross react with p75NTR-expressing cells in other species than rat.
Storage:
Lyophilized product is shipped at ambient room temperature. Upon receipt, pulse-centrifuge the vial to collect solid that may be entrapped in the lid. After reconstitution, immediately prepare aliquots and keep the undiluted stock at -80°C for long-term storage. Avoid repeated thaw-freezing. For short-term storage, keep at 2-8°C for up to 2 weeks. it is recommended to handle this product under sterile conditions.
Purification:
Conjugate was purified by ion-exchange chromatography. Purity > 90% by non-reducing SDS-PAGE
The amyloid beta peptide is derived from the cleavage of the Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and varies in length from 39 to 43 amino acids. However, the form(s) of amyloid-beta peptide (A? associated with the pathology characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. In particular, the neurotoxicity of intraneuronal A? accumulation is an area of considerable research and controversy principally because antibodies thought to be specific for A? have been shown to actually detect intraneuronal APP and not A? exclusively.<br /><br />MOAB-2 (mouse IgG2b) is a pan-specific, high-titer antibody to A? residues 1-4 as demonstrated by biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses (IHC), and is highly specific just to amyloid beta peptide. <strong>MOAB-2 did not detect APP or APP-CTFs</strong> in cell culture media/lysates (HEK-APPSwe or HEK APPSwe/BACE1) or in brain homogenates from transgenic mice expressing 5 familial AD (FAD) mutation (5xFAD mice). <br /><br />Using IHC on 5xFAD brain tissue, MOAB-2 immunoreactivity co-localized with C-terminal antibodies specific for A?40 and A?42. MOAB-2 did not co-localize with either N- or C-terminal antibodies to APP. In addition, no MOAB-2-immunreactivity was observed in the brains of 5xFAD/BACE-/- mice, although significant amounts of APP were detected by N- and C-terminal antibodies to APP, as well as by 6E10. In both 5xFAD and 3xTg mouse brain tissue, MOAB-2 co-localized with cathepsin-D, a marker for acidic organelles, further evidence for intraneuronal A?, distinct from A? associated with the cell membrane. MOAB-2 demonstrated strong intraneuronal and extra-cellular immunoreactivity in 5xFAD and 3xTg mouse brain tissues.<br /><br />Biosensis now offers <strong>biotinylated MOAB-2</strong> <strong>antibody</strong> allowing more flexibility in experimental design by using the biotin-avidin/streptavidin detection method. Biotinylated MOAB-2 antibody may also help to reduce background staining in difficult-to-stain tissues and increase detection sensitivity. The ability of biotinylated MOAB-2 antibody to detect amyloid beta has been validated by IHC.<br /><br />Purified, non-biotinylated MOAB-2 antibody is available <a href="https://www.biosensis.com/moab-mouse-monoclonal-antibody-amyloid-beta-peptide-beta-4042-purified-p-1181.htmL">here</a>.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer, pH 7.4; contains no preservative.
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant human amyloid beta protein 42 (A?42): DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIA
Applications:
ELISA,ICC,IHC-Frozen,IHC-Paraffin-embedded,IP,WB
Clone number:
MOAB-2
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2b, lambda
Application Details:
The biotinylated MOAB-2 antibody has been tested by IHC (1:500 - 1:2,000 dilution) and is also expected to work in applications validated for the unlabelled antibody (M-1586-100) at same or higher dilutions: Western Blotting (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunohistochemistry/paraffin embedded IHC(P), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Immunofluorescence (IF), ELISA.<br><br><i>Western Blotting:</i><br><br>MOAB-2 has been tested in WB using purified synthetic beta-amyloid preparations and from transgenic mouse brain formic acid extracts (see Figure 1). Formic acid extraction/concentration is required for western blot detection from extracts. Suggested dilution of 1:2000-1:5,000 for WB, standard ECL detection systems. <br><br>Tissue samples for the detection of beta-amyloid should be prepared as detailed in Youmans KL et al., 2011 (Journal of Neuroscience Methods 196: 51-59) for best results. Detection of beta-amyloid 40/42 in direct westerns can be difficult; Dot-blots of prepared samples are recommended as detailed in Youmans KL et al., 2012. <br><br><i>Immunohistochemistry:</i><br><br>Suggested dilution for biotinylated MOAB-2 in IHC is 1:500-1:2,000. Fresh frozen, 4% paraformaldehyde fixed frozen, or formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues are all suitable. Antigen retrieval is required in fixed tissues for optimal staining.<br><br>Antibody was tested on 4% paraformaldehyde/0.1% glutaraldehyde fixed frozen tissue from 3xTg and 5xFAD mice. MOAB-2 antibody detects intraneuronal and extracellular beta-amyloid in IHC and does not detect APP (Youmans KL et al., 2012).<br><br>The antibody also reacts with archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples with antigen Heat Induced Epitope Retrieval (HIER). Recommended buffer for HIER is citrate, pH 6.0. Signal was weak without antigen retrieval. Immunoreactivity was observed in intraneural-amyloid deposition (plaque) in Alzheimer's brain. MOAB-2 was found to be extremely clean and with an excellent signal to noise ratio with no neuro-cellular diffusive staining.<br><br>In addition, MOAB-2 demonstrated no significant differences in A-beta detection using paraffin fixed, free-floating sections (Youmans KL et al., 2012). Formic acid (FA) treatment resulted in optimal detection of both intraneuronal and extracellular A-beta compared to without FA (incubated in 88% FA 8 min, Youmans KL et al., 2012). Free floating tissue sections were permeabilized in TBS containing 0.25% Triton X-100 (TBSX; 3 x 10 min), blocked with 3% horse serum in TBSX (3 x 10 min) followed by 1% horse serum in TBSX (2 x10 min) and incubated with appropriate primary antibodies diluted in TBSX containing 1% horse serum overnight. See Youmans KL et al., 2012, for full IHC(P) protocol and method details.<br><br><i>Immunofluorescence:</i><br><br>For IF, suggested dilution is 1:100-1:500. The antibody was tested on 4% PFA fixed frozen tissue. Fixed tissues were washed in TBS (3 x 10 min), then incubated in 88% FA (8 min), and then permeabilized in TBSX (3 x 10 min), and blocked in TBSX containing 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA; 1 hr). Sections were subsequently incubated with appropriate primary antibodies diluted in TBSX containing 2% BSA overnight on an oscillatory rotator. Detection was via fluorescently labelled absorbed secondary antibodies (Youmans KL et al., 2012).<br><br><i>Immunoprecipitation:</i><br><br>For IP, the suggested dilution is 1:200 to 1:1,000 for labelled beta-amyloid using SA-coated beads as the capture vehicle, similar to the protocols employed by Youmans KL et al., 2012.<br><br><i>ELISA:</i><br><br>In an ELISA, a dilution of 1:50-1:1,000 is suggested. The antibody has been tested in ELISAs on synthetic beta-amyloid and tissue homogenates from beta-amyloid-Tg mice. <br><br>Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user for all applications. Dilutions provided are only meant to serve as a basic guide.
Kim, S. et al. (2020) Performance Validation of a Planar Hall Resistance Biosensor through Beta-Amyloid Biomarker. Sensors (Basel). 20(2) Application: In-vitro biosensor. Ruan, CS. et al. (2017) Sortilin inhibits amyloid pathology by regulating non-specific degradation of APP. Exp Neurol. [Epub ahead of print] Application: IHC References for non-biotinylated MOAB-2 antibody (M-1586-100): Zhu, B. et al. (2017) ER-associated degradation regulates Alzheimer's amyloid pathology and memory function by modulating _-secretase activity. Nat Commun. 8(1):1472. Application: IHC Huang, TY. et al. (2017) SORLA attenuates EphA4 signaling and amyloid _-induced neurodegeneration. J Exp Med. pii: jem.20171413. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IHC Felecia, M. et al. (2017) Peripheral Inflammation, Apolipoprotein E4, and Amyloid-_ Interact to Induce Cognitive and Cerebrovascular Dysfunction. ASN Neuro. 9(4):1759091417719201. Application: IHC/IF Thomas, R. et al. (2016) Epidermal growth factor prevents APOE4 and amyloid-beta-induced cognitive and cerebrovascular deficits in female mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 4(1):111 Application: IHC Koster, KP. et al. (2016) Epidermal growth factor prevents oligomeric amyloid-_ induced angiogenesis deficits in vitro. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. [Epub ahead of print] Application: IF Loffler, T. et al. (2016) Decreased Plasma A? in Hyperlipidemic APPSL Transgenic Mice Is Associated with BBB Dysfunction. Front. Neurosci. Application: IF Kobro-Flatmoen, A. et al. (2016) Reelin-immunoreactive neurons in entorhinal cortex layer II selectively express intracellular amyloid in early Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Disease. 93:172-183. Application: IHC Tai, LM. et al. (2016) The role of APOE in cerebrovascular dysfunction. Acta Neuropathol. 131(5):709-23. Application: IF Kim, YH. et al. (2015) A 3D human neural cell culture system for modeling Alzheimer's disease. Nat Prot. 10(7):985-1006. Application: WB Condello, C. et al. (2015) Microglia constitute a barrier that prevents neurotoxic protofibrillar A?42 hotspots around plaques. Nat Commun. 6:6176. Application: IF Iulita MF et al (2014) Intracellular Abeta pathology and early cognitive impairments in a transgenic rat model overexpressing human amyloid precursor protein: a multidimensional study. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 6:61. Application: IF, IH Smith BR et al (2014) Neuronal inclusions of alpha-synuclein contribute to the pathogenesis of Krabbe disease. J Pathol. Apr;235(5):509-21. Application: IF
Specificity:
MOAB-2 detects preparations enriched in U-, O-, F-A?42, and U-A?40 by dot-blot, and is thus a pan-specific A? antibody. However, MOAB-2 is selective for the more neurotoxic A?42 compared to A?40. Indeed, MOAB-2 demonstrated a titration against antigen concentration, and detects A?40 at 2.5 pmol, but U-, O- and F-A?b42 at antigen concentrations as low as ~ 0.1 pmol (Youmans. KL et al., 2012; PMID: 22423893). MOAB-2 does not detect APP (Amyloid Precursor Protein). Human, rat, other species not yet tested. By Dot Blot, MOAB-2 detected rat A?40 and human A?40, albeit with less affinity than for A?42 (Youmans KL et al., 2012).
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C to -70°C for a higher stability. At 2-8°C keep up to one week; use sterile methods and pipettes. Highly purified glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Keep tightly closed when not in use and protected from light.
Purification:
Antibody was purified from cell culture supernatant by Protein G chromatography, biotinylated and buffer-exchanged into PBS, pH 7.4 buffer
MAP1A and MAP1B are microtubule-associated protein which mediate the physical interactions between microtubules and components of the cytoskeleton (probably involved in autophagosome formation). MAP1A and MAP1B each consist of a heavy chain subunit and 3 different light chain subunits (LC1, LC2 and LC3). MAP1LC3A is one of the light chain subunits and can associate with either MAP1A or MAP1B. The precursor form of MAP1LC3A is cleaved by APG4/ATG4B to form the cytosolic form LC3-1. This is activated by APG7L/ATG7, transferred to ATG3 and conjugated to phospholipid to form the membrane-bound form, LC3-II. MAP1LC3A is most abundant in heart, brain, liver, skeletal muscle and testis but is absent in thymus and peripheral leukocytes.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS, pH 7.4, containing 3% trehalose without preservatives.
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse (Predicted),Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (C-RSFADRCKEVQQI) corresponding to amino acids 11-23 of human MAP1LC3 A protein was conjugated to a carrier protein and the complex used as the immunogen. This human sequence is homologous with mouse and rat MAP1LC3 A.
Applications:
FC,ICC,WB
Clone number:
BS405
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a, kappa
Application Details:
Flow Cytometry (20 µg/mL), Western blot (10 µg/mL), Immunocytochemistry (1-2 µg/mL). Other applications have not yet been tested. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions and concentrations should be determined by the end user.
WB confirmed binding of the antibody to a broad protein band with a Molecular Weight of ~14 kDa. Rat. The antibody is expected to react with mouse MAP1LC3A protein due to 100% sequence homology.
Storage:
After reconstitution divide into aliquots and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Antibody contains no preservatives. Store at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Use sterile methods. Highest purity Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability when stored at refrigerated or freezing temperatures. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Mouse anti-Microtubule Associated Protein 2 (MAP2) Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen, ICC.
Background Info:
Microtubules are 25nm diameter protein rods found in most kinds of eukaryotic cells. They are polymerized from a dimeric subunit made of one 'a' subunit and one 'b' tubulin subunit. Microtubules are associated with a family of proteins called microtubule associated proteins (MAPs), which includes the protein t (tau) and a group of proteins referred to as MAP1, MAP2, MAP3, MAP4 and MAP5. MAP2 is made up of two ~280 kDa apparent molecular weight bands referred to as MAP2 a and MAP2 b. A third lower molecular weight form, usually called MAP2c, corresponds to a pair of protein bands running at ~70 kDa on SDS-PAGE gels. All these MAP2 forms are derived from a single gene by alternate transcription, and all share a C-terminal sequence which includes either three or four microtubule binding peptide sequences, which are very similar to those found in the related microtubule binding protein t (tau). MAP2 isoforms are expressed only in neuronal cells and specifically in the perikarya and dendrites of these cells. Antibodies to MAP2 are therefore excellent markers on neuronal cells, their perikarya and neuronal dendrites.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Bovine,Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
High molecular MAP protein preparation derived from bovine brain
Applications:
ICC,IHC-Frozen,WB
Clone number:
5H11
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Western Blotting (WB). A dilution of 1:1,000 - 1:5,000 is recommended for IHC and ICC, and 1:5,000-1:10,000 is recommended for WB. The optimal dilution should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Microtubule-associated protein 2; MAP-2; Mtap2;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
The specificity of this antibody has been confirmed by WB and IHC against the antigen. Human; Rat; Mouse;
Storage:
At least 12 months after purchase at 2-8°C (lyophilized formulations). After reconstitution, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
The amyloid beta peptide is derived from the cleavage of the Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and varies in length from 39 to 43 amino acids. However, the form(s) of amyloid-beta peptide (A? associated with the pathology characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. In particular, the neurotoxicity of intraneuronal A? accumulation is an area of considerable research and controversy principally because antibodies thought to be specific for A? have been shown to actually detect intraneuronal APP and not A? exclusively.<br /><br />MOAB-2 (mouse IgG2b) is a pan-specific, high-titer antibody to A? residues 1-4 as demonstrated by biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses (IHC), and is highly specific just to amyloid beta peptide.<br /><br />MOAB-2 did not detect APP or APP-CTFs in cell culture media/lysates (HEK-APPSwe or HEK APPSwe/BACE1) or in brain homogenates from transgenic mice expressing 5 familial AD (FAD) mutation (5xFAD mice). <br /><br />Using IHC on 5xFAD brain tissue, MOAB-2 immunoreactivity co-localized with C-terminal antibodies specific for A?40 and A?42. MOAB-2 did not co-localize with either N- or C-terminal antibodies to APP. In addition, no MOAB-2-immunreactivity was observed in the brains of 5xFAD/BACE-/- mice, although significant amounts of APP were detected by N- and C-terminal antibodies to APP, as well as by 6E10.<br /><br />In both 5xFAD and 3xTg mouse brain tissue, MOAB-2 co-localized with cathepsin-D, a marker for acidic organelles, further evidence for intraneuronal A?, distinct from A? associated with the cell membrane. MOAB-2 demonstrated strong intraneuronal and extra-cellular immunoreactivity in 5xFAD and 3xTg mouse brain tissues.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized, from a Protein A purified preparation in 0.02 M Potassium Phosphate, 0.15 M Sodium Chloride, 0.01% sodium azide, 0.1% trehalose, pH 7.2; contains 0.01% sodium azide as a preservative.
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant human amyloid beta protein 42 (A?42): DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIA
Western Blotting (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunohistochemistry/paraffin embedded IH(P), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Immunofluorescence (IF), ELISA.<br><br>Antibody has been tested in WB using purified synthetic beta-amyloid preparations and from transgenic mouse brain formic acid extracts (see figure 1). Formic acid extraction/concentration is required for western blot detection from extracts. MOAB-2 antibody is specific for beta-amyloid and does not detect APP. Suggested dilution of 1:2000-1:5,000 for WB, standard ECL detection systems. <br><br>Tissue samples for the detection of beta-amyloid should be prepared as detailed in K.L. Youmans et al. {Journal of Neuroscience Methods 196 (2011) 51-59} for best results. Detection of beta-amyloid 40/42 in direct westerns can be difficult; Dot-blots of prepared samples are recommended as detailed in Youmans. KL et al 2012. <br><br>IR or fluorescent detection systems not yet tested, they but are expected to work well with higher primary antibody dilutions because of the increased sensitivity of the detection methods.<br><br>Suggested dilutions for IHC are 1:50-1:1,000. Fresh frozen, 4% paraformaldehyde fixed frozen, or formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues are all suitable. Optimal dilutions must be determined by the end user. Antigen retrieval is required in fixed tissues for optimal staining.<br><br>Antibody was tested on 4% paraformaldehyde/0.1% glutaraldehyde fixed frozen tissue from 3xTg and 5xFAD mice. MOAB-2 antibody detects intraneuronal and extracellular beta-amyloid in IHC and does not detect APP {Youmans KL et al 2012}.<br><br> The antibody also reacts with archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples with antigen Heat Induced Epitope Retrieval (HIER): Recommended Citrate, pH 6.0 buffer for HIER. Signal was weak without antigen retrieval. Immunoreactively was expressed in intraneural-amyloid deposition (plaque) in Alzheimer's brain. MoAB-2 was found to be extremely clean and with an excellent signal to noise ratio with no neuro-cellular diffusive staining.<br><br>In addition MOAB-2 demonstrated no significant differences in A-beta detection using paraffin fixed, free-floating sections {Youmans KL et al 2012}. Formic acid (FA) treatment resulted in optimal detection of both intraneuronal and extracellular A-beta compared to without FA (incubated in 88% FA 8 min, Youmans KL et al 2012). Free floating tissue sections were permeabilized in TBS containing 0.25% Triton X-100 (TBSX; 3 x 10 min), blocked with 3% horse serum in TBSX (3 x 10 min) followed by 1% horse serum in TBSX (2 x10 min) and incubated with appropriate primary antibodies diluted in TBSX containing 1% horse serum overnight. See Youmans KL et al 2012 for full IH(P) protocol and method details.<br><br> For IF, suggested dilution is 1:100-1:500. The antibody was tested on 4% PFA fixed frozen tissue. Fixed tissues were washed in TBS (3 x 10 min), then incubated in 88% FA (8 min), and then permeabilized in TBSX (3 x 10 min), and blocked in TBSX containing 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA; 1 hr). Sections were subsequently incubated with appropriate primary antibodies diluted in TBSX containing 2% BSA overnight on an oscillatory rotator. Detection was via fluorescently labelled absorbed secondary antibodies {Youmans KL et al 2012}.<br><br>For IP, the suggested dilution is 1:200 to 1:1,000 for labeled beta-amyloid using Protein A/G conjugated beads as the capture vehicle {Youmans KL et al 2012}.<br><br>In an ELISA, a dilution of 1:50-1:1000 is suggested. The antibody has been tested in ELISAs on synthetic beta-amyloid and tissue homogenates from beta-amyloid-Tg mice. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user for all applications. Dilutions provided are only meant to serve as a basic guide.
Alternative Names:
Beta-APP42; Beta-APP40; Beta-amyloid protein 42; Beta-amyloid protein 40; ABPP; APPI; Amyloid beta A4 protein;MOAB2;MOAB-2; Alzheimer's antibody;AB40;AB42;abeta
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Setti, S.E. et al. (2022) Assessment of sex-related neuropathology and cognitive deficits in the Tg-SwDI mouse model of Alzheimers disease. Behave Brain Res. 428:113882. Application: IHC. Sil, A. et al. (2022) Sex Differences in Behavior and Molecular Pathology in the 5XFAD Model. J Alzheimers Dis. 85(2):755-778. Application: WB. Sarkar, S. et al. (2020) Modification of methods to use Congo-red stain to simultaneously visualize amyloid plaques and tangles in human and rodent brain tissue sections. Metab Brain Dis. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IHC. Cuevas, E. et al. (2019) Amyloid Beta 25-35 induces blood-brain barrier disruption in vitro. Metab Brain Dis. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: ICC/IF. Schmued, L. et al. (2019) High Contrast and Resolution Labeling of Amyloid Plaques in Tissue Sections from APP-PS1 Mice and Humans with Alzheimer's Disease with the Zinc Chelator HQ-O: Practical and Theoretical Considerations. Curr Alzheimer Res. 16(7):577-586. Application: IHC/IF. Hui, L. et al. (2019) Acidifying Endolysosomes Prevented Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Amyloidogenesis. J Alzheimers Dis. 64(1):393-410. Application: ICC/IF. Koss, DJ. et al. (2018) Distinctive temporal profiles of detergent-soluble and -insoluble tau and A? species in human Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: WB, dot blot. Zhao, Y. et al. (2018) TREM2 Is a Receptor for _-Amyloid that Mediates Microglial Function. Neuron. 97(5):1023-1031. Application: IHC, free-floating cryostat sections Zhu, B. et al. (2017) ER-associated degradation regulates Alzheimer's amyloid pathology and memory function by modulating _-secretase activity. Nat Commun. 8(1):1472. Application: IHC Huang, TY. et al. (2017) SORLA attenuates EphA4 signaling and amyloid _-induced neurodegeneration. J Exp Med. pii: jem.20171413. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IHC Felecia, M. et al. (2017) Peripheral Inflammation, Apolipoprotein E4, and Amyloid-_ Interact to Induce Cognitive and Cerebrovascular Dysfunction. ASN Neuro. 9(4):1759091417719201. Application: IHC/IF Thomas, R. et al. (2016) Epidermal growth factor prevents APOE4 and amyloid-beta-induced cognitive and cerebrovascular deficits in female mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 4(1):111 Application: IHC Koster, KP. et al. (2016) Epidermal growth factor prevents oligomeric amyloid-_ induced angiogenesis deficits in vitro. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. [Epub ahead of print] Application: IF Loffler, T. et al. (2016) Decreased Plasma A? in Hyperlipidemic APPSL Transgenic Mice Is Associated with BBB Dysfunction. Front. Neurosci. Application: IF Kobro-Flatmoen, A. et al. (2016) Reelin-immunoreactive neurons in entorhinal cortex layer II selectively express intracellular amyloid in early Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Disease. 93:172-183. Application: IHC Tai, LM. et al. (2016) The role of APOE in cerebrovascular dysfunction. Acta Neuropathol. 131(5):709-23. Application: IF Kim, YH. et al. (2015) A 3D human neural cell culture system for modeling Alzheimer's disease. Nat Prot. 10(7):985-1006. Application: WB Condello, C. et al. (2015) Microglia constitute a barrier that prevents neurotoxic protofibrillar A?42 hotspots around plaques. Nat Commun. 6:6176. Application: IF Iulita MF et al (2014) Studying Alzheimer's Disease Pre-clinical Stages: Insights from Down's Syndrome and Transgenic Animal Models. PhD Thesis Application: IHC/IF Iulita MF et al (2014) Intracellular Abeta pathology and early cognitive impairments in a transgenic rat model overexpressing human amyloid precursor protein: a multidimensional study. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 6:61. Application: IF, IH Smith BR et al (2014) Neuronal inclusions of alpha-synuclein contribute to the pathogenesis of Krabbe disease. J Pathol. Apr;235(5):509-21. Application: IF
Specificity:
MOAB-2 detects preparations enriched in U-, O-, F-A?42, and U-A?40 by dot-blot, and is thus a pan-specific A? antibody. However, MOAB-2 is selective for the more neurotoxic A?42 compared to A?40. Indeed, MOAB-2 demonstrated a titration against antigen concentration, and detects A?40 at 2.5 pmol but U-, O- and FA?b42 at antigen concentrations as low as ~ 0.1 pmol {Youmans. KL et al 2012}. MOAB-2 does not detect APP (Amyloid precursor protein). Human, Rat, other species not yet tested.By Dot blot, MOAB-2 detected rat A?40 and human A?40, albeit with less affinity than for A?42. {Youmans. KL et al 2012}
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20 ° to -70°C for a higher stability. At 2-8°C keep up to one week, insulated, protected from light; use sterile methods and pipettes. Highly purified glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Keep tightly closed when not in use and protected from light.
Purification:
This product is a Protein A purified mouse IgG2b in 0.02 M Potassium Phosphate, 0.15 M Sodium Chloride, 0.01% sodium azide, pH 7.2.
Mouse anti-Spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1 Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen, ICC, FC.
Background Info:
Spectrins are a family of filamentous cytoskeletal proteins that function as essential scaffold proteins that stabilize the plasma membrane and organize intracellular organelles. The Spectrins form into dimers and further into tetramers of alpha and beta subunits (Ref: Entrez Gene). The alpha-II subunit is widely expressed in tissues but, in the nervous system, is found predominantly in neurons.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Bovine,Human,Mouse,Pig,Rat
Immunogen:
This antibody was raised against a recombinant construct containing the seventh, eight and ninth repeats (amino acids 676-1043) of human alpha-II Spectrin. The 9th spectrin repeat also includes a Src-homology 3 domain. This construct was expressed in and purified from E. coli.
Applications:
FC,ICC,IHC-Frozen,WB
Clone number:
3D7
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
WB, ICC, IHC and FC. Recommended dilution of 1:1,000-1:2,000 for ICC and IHC, and 1:5,000-10,000 for WB. The protein is seen as a major band at 240 kDa depending on the species. For Flow Cytometry, use ~ 2 ?g antibody per ~10^6 cells. Optimal concentrations/dilutions should be determined by the end-user.
Mouse anti-Nestin Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, ICC.
Background Info:
Nestin is a member of the class IV intermediate filament protein family which is expressed in neuronal stem cells. The molecular weight of human Nestin as determined by SDS-PAGE mobility is about 240 kDa. However the real molecular weight is considerably less than this, at 177 kDa, the disparity being likely due to the highly charged region of the C-terminal segment. Nestin is relatively poorly conserved in protein sequence across species boundaries, so that the mouse and human proteins have an overall identity of only 62%. As a result antibodies to the human protein often fail to recognize the rodent homologue and vice versa. However this antibody stains both rodent and human Nestin. Antibodies to Nestin are widely used to identify neural stem cells.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
Partial segment (region 317-630 aa) of human Nestin expressed in E.coli
Applications:
ICC,WB
Clone number:
4D11
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1, kappa
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB), Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Flow Cytometry. Suggested dilution for WB is 1:1,000-5,000 and 1:250-500 for IC. Use 2 ug/10^6 cells for Flow Cytometry. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Nestin; NES;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Schomann T et al. (2020) Multimodal imaging of hair follicle bulge-derived stem cells in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. Cell Tissue Res. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IHC/IF; Species: Mouse. Schomann T et al. (2017) Neuronal differentiation of hair-follicle-bulge-derived stem cells co-cultured with mouse cochlear modiolus explants. PLos One. 12(10):e0187183. Application: ICC/IF; Species: Mouse, Hair follicle bulge-derived neural crest-derived stem cells (HFBSCs). Gho CG et al. (2015) Isolation, expansion and neural differentiation of stem cells from human plucked hair- a further step towards autologous nerve recovery. Cytotechnology In press. Application: IF; Species: Human, Hair follicle bulge-derived neural crest-derived stem cells (HFBSCs), Keywords: Hair follicle stem cell, Regeneration, Neural crest, Neuron, Glia, Cryopreservation
Specificity:
This antibody is specific for the 240 kDa Nestin protein by WB on developing rat brain (P18) homogenate. A much weaker band at approx. 90 kDa may also be seen. This is suggested to be a breakdown product of the 240 kDa band. Human, Rodent
Storage:
After reconstitution of lyophilized antibody, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Mouse anti-Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen, ICC.
Background Info:
GFAP is a 50 kDa intra-cytoplasmic filamentous protein of the cytoskeleton in astrocytes. During the development of the central nervous system, it is a cell-specific marker that distinguishes astrocytes from other glial cells. GFAP immunoreactivity has been shown in immature oligodendrocytes, epiglottic cartilage, pituicytes, papillary meningiomas, myoepithelial cells of the breast and in non-CNS: Schwann cells, salivary gland neoplasms, enteric glia cells, and metastasizing renal carcinomas.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer pH 7.2-7.6 with 0.1% trehalose, without preservatives
Western Blotting (WB), Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). A dilution of 1:5,000 is recommended for WB. Human GFAP has a predicted length of 432 residues and a MW of 50 kDa. A dilution of 1:500-1:1,000 is recommended for ICC/IHC. This antibody works well on frozen sections, cells in tissue culture and on formalin fixed histological sections. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Astrocyte; Glial fibrillary acidic protein; GFAP;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Kawabe K et al. (2017) Transglutaminases Derived from Astrocytes Accelerate Amyloid _ Aggregation. Neurochem Res. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: ICC (cultured rat astrocytes). Nagai T et al. (2017) Development of an in situ evaluation system for neural cells using extracellular matrix-modeled gel culture. J Biosci Bioeng. 124(4):430-8. Application: IF (artificial gel matrix). Kawabe T et al. (2017) Microglia Endocytose Amyloid _ Through the Binding of Transglutaminase 2 and Milk Fat Globule EGF Factor 8 Protein. Neurochem Res. [Epub ahead of print] Application: ICC (cultured astrocytes). Takano K et al. (2017) Inhibition of Gap Junction Elevates Glutamate Uptake in Cultured Astrocytes. Neurochem Res. [Epub ahead of print] Application: ICC (cultured astrocytes).
Specificity:
The specificity of this antibody has been confirmed by WB. Human, Rat, Mouse, Bovine, Porcine. Predicted to react with other mammalian and avian species.
Storage:
After reconstitution of lyophilized antibody, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Clone OX-42 recognises the rat equivalent of human CD11b and shares a common epitope with CB11c (integrin apha M and alpha X chains). (PMID:1672643; Tamatani T et al 1991). CD11b is a single-pass type I membrane protein that belongs to the integrin alpha chain family. CD11b is predominantly expressed in monocytes and granulocytes and is implicated in various adhesive interactions of monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes as well as in mediating the uptake of complement-coated particles (Ref: SWISSPROT). CD11b is also frequently used as a microglial marker allowing to distinguish between quiescent and activated microglia based on the intensity of CD11b staining. Moreover the OX-42 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to the CR3 complement (C3bi) receptor found on most monocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and microglia. OX-42 antibody inhibits C3bi binding activity.<br />CD11b, also known as integrin alpha M or Mac-1, and is a component of complement receptor 3 (CR3). CD11c, also known as integrin alpha X, and is a component of complement receptor 4 (CR4). Integrin alpha-X/beta-2 is a receptor for fibrinogen. CD11b and CD11c are expressed on immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes, granulocytes, and dendritic cells. OX42 has also been shown to detect microglia in the brain, as well as cells of the liver and epidermis.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS containing no preservatives.
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Rat
Immunogen:
Rat peritoneal macrophages, whole cells. (Robinson, AP et al Immunology 1986 57 239-247)
Applications:
ICC,IHC-Paraffin-embedded
Clone number:
OX42, OX-42
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a, kappa
Application Details:
FC: Flow Cytometry: Unfixed cells preferred, acetone fixed or quickly fixed 1% PLP fixed cells can be used. <br>IH: Immunohistochemical studies of rat fresh frozen tissue sections and paraffin-embedded tissue sections following either periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP) fixation, or acetone. Works on very lightly PFA fixed, frozen tissues. (perfusion only 4% PFA 10-15' no post-fix). Epitope can be sensitive to fixation. Dilutions detection method dependent 1:100 to 1:200 recommended. <br>IC: Unfixed preferred, or acetone fixed cells; 5-10', 2% PLP fixed cells, 1-2µg/mL. Dilution is detection method dependent. <br>Immunoprecipitation: use rabbit anti-mouse or anti-mouse IgG beads for capture only. The use of protein A or protein G is not recommended. 1-5µg/mL in restricted volumes. <br>Clone does not work in traditional reduced westerns. Use immunoprecipitation to resolve reactive protein bands.<br>Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
CD11b; CD11B; CD11 antigen-like family member B; ITGAM; Integrin beta 2 alpha subunit;<br>CD11c;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Rana I. et al (2010) Microglia activation in the hypothalamic PVN following myocardial infarction Brain Res. Apr 22;1326:96-104.
Specificity:
Clone OX-42 recognises the rat equivalent of human CD11b and shares a common epitope with CB11c (integrin apha M and alpha X chains). (PMID:1672643; Tamatani T et al 1991). Immunoprecipitates three polypeptides of 160 kDa, 103 kDa and 95 kDa and a fainter band may also be seen at 133 kDa under non-reducing conditions. If the immunoprecipitated proteins are reduced, two major peptides of 163 kDa and 100 kDa and a minor 135 kDa peptide are seen. Mis-information exists concerning reactivity to mouse and human CD11b/c with OX-42 from various vendors. Biosensis has not verified that OX42 reacts with mouse and human, and ONLY recommends the clone only for rat as the original paper and most papers use the OX family of clones on rat.
Storage:
12 months after purchase at 2-8°C (lyophilized formulations). After reconstitution, aliquot and store at -20°C for a higher stability. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles.
Mouse anti-Red fluorescent protein (DsRed) Monoclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen, ICC.
Background Info:
A monoclonal made againsts recombinant RFP and designed to react specifically against it and its many variants
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Liquid. PBS, pH 7.4 with 0.05% sodium azide
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Species Independent
Immunogen:
Recombinant Red Fluorescent Protein (dsRed) expressed from bacteria.
Applications:
ICC,IHC-Frozen,WB
Clone number:
RF5R
Antibody Isotype:
IgG
Application Details:
Western Blotting (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Immunoprecipitation (IP). Suggested starting dilutions are as follows: WB at 1:1,000, IP at 5 ug/mg lysate and IHC at 1:200. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
RFP;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
Designed to detect Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP) and its variants in ELISA (sandwich or capture), immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemistry.
Storage:
Stable for 1 year at -20°C from the date of shipment. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to opening the cap. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
Wilms' Tumour Protein (WT1) is a transcription factor involved in the development of the urogenital system. Anti-WT1 is utilized in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary malignancies (nuclei staining) and small round cell tumours. Ewing's sarcomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumours, neuroblastomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, and rhabdoid tumours do not stain with Anti-WT1, but cytoplasmic staining may be observed. Although lung adenocarcinomas do not exhibit nuclear staining with Anti-WT1, the antibody may stain the cytoplasm. Anti-WT1 also stains serous ovarian carcinomas, but does not stain mucinous carcinomas of the ovary and pancreatobiliary carcinomas.
Prostatic Specific Acid Phosphatase (PSAP) is a prostatic enzyme found in the glandular epithelium of the prostate. PSAP levels are elevated in hyperplastic prostate and prostate carcinoma, with the highest levels being detected in metastasized prostate cancer. Moderate overexpression of PSAP is also characteristic of diseases of the bone (such as Paget's disease or hyperparathyroidism), diseases of blood cells (such as sickle-cell disease), multiple myeloma, or lysosomal storage diseases (such as Gaucher's disease). PSAP is considered more sensitive, yet less specific, than PSA, however Anti-PSAP can act as a useful complement to Anti-PSA under suitable clinical contexts.
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), also known as Parathormone or Parathyrin, is a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that functions to increase the concentration of calcium in the blood. Anti-Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) is useful for differentiating parathyroid hyperplasia/neoplasms from thyroid and metastatic neoplasms, and is also used in the consideration of parathyroid carcinomas located primarily in the anterior mediastinum.
Product Type:
Primary Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Concentrate
Storage Temp:
2-8 degrees Celsius
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human
Immunogen:
Recombinant Protein
Applications:
IHC
Clone number:
IHC645
Antibody Isotype:
IgM
GMDN Code:
63169
UKCA Status:
UKCA
CE-IVD Status:
IVDD
Positive Control:
Parathyroid Tissue
Purification:
Affinity Purification
Buffer:
Tris Buffer pH7.6 with BSA, and sodium azide as preservative
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