The antibody has a proven strong indirect immunofluorescent staining at a 1/400-1/600 dilution and a proven 4+ biotin-streptavidin/HRP staining at 1/1,000-1/1,200 dilution in rat globus pallidus and amygdala. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment with 100 µg of methionine enkephalin per mL of diluted antiserum. Pretreatment with 100 µg of leucine enkephalin only partially blocks staining.
The antibody produces a strong postive labeling of LHRH at dilutions of 1/200-1/400 using indirect immunofluorescence and at dilutions of 1/2,000 - 1,4,000 using biotin-streptavidin/HRP in rat hypothalamus (median eminence). Optimal dilution will vary depending upon fixation, labeling technique and/or detection system; therefore, a dilution series is recommended. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with 5 µg of LHRH per mL of diluted antiserum.
The antibody has a proven strong indirect immunofluorescent staining at a 1/400 - 1/600 dilution and a proven strong biotin-streptavidin/HRP staining at a 1/1000 - 1/2000 dilution in rat globus pallidus and spinal cord. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment with 50 µg of Leucine Enkephalin per mL of diluted antiserum. Pretreatment with 50 µg of Methionine Enkephalin per mL of diluted antiserum also significantly blocks staining.
The Insulin antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat pancreatic beta cells using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions for these methods are 1/500-1/1000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Cy3 Technique and 1/3000-1/5000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP Technique. Immuostaining is completely abolished by soluble pre-adsorption with bovine insulin at 10 µg per mL of diluted antiserum.
Histamine is located in mast cells, endocrine cells of the gut, blood cells and in some cells of the peripheral and central nervous system. Histamine is a potent vasodilator when secreted by mast cells found in various tissues as a result of allergic hypersensitivity or inflammation. In the central nervous system, Histamine is putative neurotransmitter. In the brain, its highest content has been found in the hypothalamus and in certain areas of the mesencephalon. The Histamine antiserum has a sensitivity level capable of detecting the low level Histamine contents of the brain. The Histamine antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat hypothalamus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/500 - 1/1000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 Cy3 Technique and 1/4000-1/6000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 biotin/avidin-HRP Technique . All staining is blocked by preabsorption of the antiserum with Histamine conjugate. Cross reactivity experiments indicate no cross reactivity with L-histidine or L-histidine containing peptides such as LH-RH.
GluR1 (Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor) Peptide Control
Background Info:
The peptide control for GluR1 is intended for the immuno-adsorption of GluR1 antiserum, catalog #24439. Pre-adsorption of GluR1 antiserum, diluted 1/4000-1/8000 according to the antibody specification sheet, with 5ug/mL GluR1 peptide immunogen following the instructions below provides complete blockage of GluR1 immunolabeling. The peptide is provided as 25ug of lyophilized rat GluR1, and approximately 0.09% sodium azide, sequence 894-907. Please read the instructions carefully.
Raised against a C-terminal synthetic peptide sequence corresponding to amino acids 894-907 of rat GluR1 coupled to bovine thyroglobulin with gluraraldehyde.
Product Type:
Antibody - Antibodies
Antibody Type:
polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilised
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Immunogen:
Rat GluR1 (894-907)
Applications:
Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry, Western Blot
The GluR1 (lonotropic Glutamate Receptor1) Antibody was raised against a C-terminal synthetic peptide sequence corresponding to amino acids 894-907 of rat GluR1 coupled to bovine thyroglobulin with gluraraldehyde. The antibody produces strong labeling of GluR1 at dilutions of 1/4,000 - 1/6,000 using biotin-streptavidin peroxidase technique in rat cortex and hippocampus. Western blot analysis of GluR1 transfected cells and rat brain homogenates the antibody specifically labels a single band at Uapproximately 102 kD. Western blot analysis of GluR2, 3, 4, 4C, 5, 6, and 7 transfected cells revealed no immunolabeling. Immunolabeling of the above non-NMDA transfected cells demonstrates specificity for GluR1. Additionally, immunolabeling for GluR1 is completely abolished by pre-adsorption with synthetic rat GluR1 (894-907) at 5 µg per mL of diluted antibody.
The rabbit antibody for Glucagon-like Protein Receptor is generated for acetyl 65-88 amide sequence targeting rat and human proteins, but not mouse. The peptide was synthesized and cross-linked to keyhole limpet hemocyanin via sulfolink coupling. The antibody is provided as 100 µL of affinity purified serum containing 1% BSA.
Produced by Dr. Mark Brownfield, the peptide sequence encoding the rat GLP2R was retrieved from the NCBI protein database and evaluated using GeneRunner software to generate antigen candidates for antibody production. Antibody was generated in rabbits and purified by affinity chromatography against the antigenic peptide. The specificity of the antibody was confirmed by Western blotting and by immunoabsorption controls is the immunohistochemistry procedure (see Nelson et al, Endocrinology 148(5)1954-1962, 2007.
The antiserum demonstrates significant labeling of enteroendocrine cells in the intestinal epithelium, as well as cell bodies of vagal afferents in nodose ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system. Immunolabeling of Western blot revealed a band of approximately 66 kDa in human and rat tissue.
Product Type:
Antibody - Antibodies
Antibody Type:
polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Rat
Immunogen:
Glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor (GLP2R) for acetyl 65-88 amide sequence targeting rat and human proteins, but not mouse.
The rabbit antibody for Glucagon-like Protein Receptor is generated for acetyl 65-88 amide sequence targeting rat and human proteins, but not mouse. The peptide was synthesized and cross-linked to keyhole limpet hemocyanin via sulfolink coupling.
The Glucagon Antibody was raised to glucagon coupled to bovine thyroglobulin with glutaraldehyde. The antibody has a proven strong Biotin-Streptavidin/HRP immunostaining at a 1/500-1/1000 dilution in human pancreatic islets. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody in an excess of glucagon. Preadsorption of the diluted antibody with an excess of the following substances had no effect on glucagon labeling: secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, peptide histidine isoleucine-27, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, rat and human growth hormone releasing hormone and somatostatin.
The GHRF (Growth Hormone Releasing Factor) Antibody was raised to rat hypothalamic GHRF (1-43). The antibody produces strong labeling of GHRH at dilutions of 1/200-1/400 using indirect immunofluorescence and at dilutions of 1/2,000 - 1/4,000 using biotin/streptavidin HRP in rat hypothalamus (median eminence). Cross reactivity of GHRF antiserum was examined using the paper spot technique of Larsson (1981). Using 2 µL, 100 pmole amounts, the following substances did not react with rat GHRF antisera diluted 1/500 using the PAP labeling method: glucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide, secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, peptide histidine isoleucine, pancreatic polypeptide (human or rat), human GHRF, somatostatin, insulin, ACTH, motilin, cholecystokinin octapeptide, substance P, molluscan cardioexcitatiory peptide, gastrin 34, and serotonin. GHRF antiserum had a very good reactivity using rat GHRF at 2 µL, 100 pmole amounts.
This antibody has been shown to react strongly with human GFAP as well as with GFAP from rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, kangaroo, sheep, cat and monkey. Excellent staining results were obtained when rabbit anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein serum was tested.
The GAT-2 antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat retina and leptomeninges using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/100-1/200 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100Â - Cy3 Technique and 1/500 - 1/1,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP Technique. The antiserum has been characterized as specific to GAT-2; please see references listed below. GAT-2 immunolabeling is completely abolished by soluble pre-adsorption with synthetic rat GAT-2 (594-602) at a concentration of 10-5 M.
The gamma amino butyric acid antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat thalamus and cerebellum using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/15,000- 1/20,000 in PBS /0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP technique. The specificity of the antiserum for GABA was evaluated using a competitive inhibition ELISA. While conjugates of GABA completely eliminate labeling, a 1000 fold excess of the following conjugates could not inhibit the antiserums ability to bind GABA conjugate: glutamate, aspartate, beta alanine, tyrosine, taurine, glycine and alanine.
The ImmunoStar gamma amino butyric acid antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat thalamus and cerebellum using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/15,000- 1/20,000 in PBS /0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP technique. The specificity of the antiserum for GABA was evaluated using a competitive inhibition ELISA. While conjugates of GABA completely eliminate labeling, a 1000 fold excess of the following conjugates could not inhibit the antiserums ability to bind GABA conjugate: glutamate, aspartate, beta alanine, tyrosine, taurine, glycine and alanine.
The FMRF-Amide antiserum was quality control tested using standard histochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat hypothalamus and spinal cord using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/400 - 1/800 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 -Cy3 Technique and 1/1,000 - 1/2,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP Technique. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with 100 µg/mL of FMRF-Amide.
The antibody has a proven strong indirect immunofluorescence at 1/400 - 1/800 and 4+ biotin-streptavidin/HRP staining at a 1/2000 - 1/4000 dilution in rat brainstem, cerebellum and adrenal medulla. Using Western blot of purified DBH the antiserum detects a triplet at approximately 72-74 kD.
The CRF Antibody was raised to synthetic ovine CRF. The ImmunoStar serotonin antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat median eminence using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/200 - 1/400 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Cy3 Technique and 1/1000 - 1/2000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Biotin/Avidin-HRP Technique. Immuno-labeling is completely abolished by preadsorption with synthetic CRF at 100 ug per mL of diluted antibody.
The CGRP Antibody was raised to rat alpha-CGRP coupled to bovine thyroglobulin with glutaraldehyde. The antibody has a proven fluorescein staining at a 1/100-1/200 dilution and a strong Biotin-Streptadvidin/HRP staining at a 1/2000-1/4000 dilution in rat amygdala, and spinal cord. The specificity of the antiserum was evaluated by soluble pre-adsorption with the peptides in question at a final concentration of 10-5M. CGRP immunolabeling was completely abolished by pre-adsorption with rat α -CGRP and partially eliminated by pre-adsorption with rat -CGRP. Pre-adsorption with the following peptides resulted in no loss of immunostaining: rat amylin, rat adrenomedulin, calcitonin, neurotensin, somatostatin, substance P, leucine enkephalin, methionine enkephalin, VIP, CCK-8, vasopressin and neuropeptide Y.
The peptide control for C-FOS is intended for the immuno-adsorption of C-FOS antiserum, catalog number 26209. Pre-adsorption of C-FOS antiserum, diluted according to the antibody specification sheet, with 5ug/ml C-FOS peptide immunogen following the instructions below provides complete blockage of C-FOS immunolabeling. The peptide is provided as 25ug of lyophilized human C-FOS, and approximately 0.09% sodium azide, sequence 4-17. Please read the instructions carefully.
The C-FOS Antibody was raised to synthetic peptide sequence corresponding to human c-fos (4-17) coupled to bovine thyroglobulin with glutaraldehyde. For induction of c-fos protein activity rats were injected with 1.0 ml of 1.5 M NaCl per 100 grams of body weight. Negative control rats were injected with the same volume of normal saline. The ImmunoStar c-fos antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. No labeling was seen in negative control rats. Recommended primary dilutions for these methods are 1/200-1/400 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - FITC Technique and 1/4000-1/6000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - biotin/avidin-HRP Technique. Specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated by blockage of staining in experimental rats by omission of c-fos antibody or by substitution of antibody pre-incubated with synthetic peptide or the conjugate. Immunoblot analysis of mediobasal hypothalamus showed a single band of approximately 55-60 kD.
The CCK-8 Antibody was raised to sulphated CCK-8 (26-33) coupled to bovine thyroglobulin with glutaraldehyde. The antibody has a proven strong indirect immunofluorescent staining at a 1/100-1/200 dilution and a strong Biotin-Streptavidin/HRP immunostaining at a 1/500-1/1000 dilution in rat hypothalamus and spinal cord. The specificity of the antiserum was examined by soluble pre-adsorption with the peptides in question at a final concentration of 10-6M CCK-8 immunolabeling was completely abolished by pre-adsorption with CCK-8, gastrin 17 and gastrin 34. Pre-adsorption with the following peptides resulted in no reduction of immunostaining: α-CGRP, -CGRP, neurotensin, somatostatin, substance P, leucine enkephalin, methionine enkephalin, VIP, neuropeptide Y, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, bombesin, glucagon, peptide YY, and FMRF amide.
The Calretinin Antibody was raised to chick calretinin fusion protein. The antibody has a proven maximum biotin-avidin/HRP staining at a 1/2000 - 1/4000 dilution in rat cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus.
The Calbindin D-28K Antibody was raised to Calbindin D-28k purified from bovine cerebellum. The antibody has a proven maximum biotin-streptavidin/HRP staining at a 1/5,000 - 1/10,000 dilution and a 4+ indirect immunofluorescence staining at a 1/500 - 1/1,000 dilution in rat striatum, cortex, and hippocampus. The antiserum has been characterized as specific to calbindin D-28k; please see reference listed below. Optimal dilution will vary depending upon fixation, labeling technique and/or detection system; therefore, a dilution series is recommended.
The Bombesin Antibody was raised to synthetic human bombesin coupled to bovine thyroglobulin with glutaraldehyde. The ImmunoStar bombesin antiserum was quality control tested using standard immunohistochemical methods. The antiserum demonstrates strongly positive labeling of rat dorsal horn of spinal cord using indirect immunofluorescent and biotin/avidin-HRP techniques. Recommended primary dilutions are 1/400-1/600 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Cy3 Technique and 1/1,000-1/2,000 in PBS/0.3% Triton X-100 - Bn/Av-HRP Technique. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of 1 mL of diluted antibody with 50 µg of bombesin.
The Beta-Endorphin Antibody was raised to synthetic human beta endorphin coupled to KLH with carbodiimide. The antibody produces a strong indirect immunofluorescent staining at a 1/200 - 1/400 dilution and a 4+ biotin-streptavidin/HRP staining at a 1/1000 - 1/2000 dilution in rat anterior pituitary. Staining is completely eliminated by pretreatment of the diluted antibody with 10-6 M of Ã-Endorphin. Pre-adsorption of the diluted antibody with 10-6M of the following substances had no effect on -Endorphin labeling: methionine enkephalin, leucine enkaphalin, dynorphin A, dynorphin B, gamma-endorphin, alpha-endorphin, ACTH and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone.
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