Actin is part of the cytoskeletal system of every cell type. It can be classified based on isoelectric points as alpha, beta, and gamma. Muscle Specific Actin includes those of the alpha and gamma isotypes. Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle cells will all stain positively with Anti-Muscle Specific Actin, but mesenchymal cells, not including myoepithelium, will stain negatively. Normal and neoplastic non-muscle cells, including vascular endothelial and connective tissues, carcinomas, melanomas, and lymphomas, will also be negative for muscle specific actin. The use of Anti-Muscle Specific Actin in concert with Anti-Smooth Muscle Actin can allow for differentiation between rhabdomyosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma, as muscle specific actin is found in rhabdomyoblasts, while smooth muscle actin is found in leiomyosarcomas.
Rabbit anti-Alpha-synuclein Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
Alpha synuclein is an abundant 140 amino acid neuronal protein, expressed primarily at presynaptic terminals in the central nervous system. FUNCTION: May be involved in the regulation of dopamine release and transport. Soluble protein, normally localized primarily at the presynaptic region of axons, which can form filamentous aggregates that are the major non amyloid component of intracellular inclusions in several neurodegenerative diseases (synucleinopathies). Induces fibrillization of microtubule-associated protein tau. Reduces neuronal responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli, leading to a decreased caspase 3 activation. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed principally in brain but is also expressed in low concentrations in all tissues examined except in liver. Concentrated in presynaptic nerve terminals.SUBUNIT: Soluble monomer which can form filamentous aggregates. Interacts with UCHL1. Interacts with phospholipase D and histones. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Membrane. Nucleus. Note=Membrane-bound in dopaminergic neurons. Also found in the nucleus. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 3 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Additional isoforms seem to exist.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Rat
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (SEEGYQDYEPEA) corresponding to the C-terminal of human alpha synuclein protein (aa 129-140) conjugated to Blue Carrier Protein has been used as the immunogen. The peptide is homologous with the corresponding sequence derived from alpha synuclein protein in monkey and pig.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB. A dilution of 1:500 to 1:3000 is recommended for both applications. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
Non-A beta component of AD amyloid; Non-A4 component of amyloid precursor; NACP; SNCA; PARK1;
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Tinsley R.B. et al (2010) Sensitive and specific detection of alpha-synuclein in human plasma J Neurosci Res. 2010 Sep;88(12):2693-700.
Specificity:
Immunohistochemical and western blot analysis of human brain indicates a high level of specificity for this antiserum. This antibody is known to react with human, mouse and rat alpha synuclein. Other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Amylo-Glo RTD Ready to Dilute Staining reagent is designed to stain amyloid plaques in tissue sections. This novel marker has several advantages over other conventional markers such as Thioflavin S and Congo Red because of its unique chemical and spectral properties. (L. Schmued et al. (2012) J.Neuroscience Methods 209:120- 126). Using Amylo-Glo results in a very bright blue UV excitable stain under physiological conditions that will not bleed through when illuminated with other filters. Its brightness makes it ideal for low magnification quantification studies, while its unique excitation/emission profile and mild staining conditions makes it ideal for combination for multiple immunofluorescent labeling studies. Amylo-Glo RTD is compatible with fresh, frozen, and formalin-fixed immunohistochemistry or cytochemistry, and it is particularly good for confocal and multiple labeling because of its high fluorescent intensity and high resistance to photo-bleaching. Moreover because Amylo-Glo fluoresces in the UV channel, double and triple labeling experiments can be performed very easily (see protocol).
Product Type:
Staining Reagent
Format:
The reagents in the Amyloid Plaque Stain Reagent (100x) are all supplied in a liquid format and are ready-to-dilute.
Species Reactivity:
Human,Mouse,Other Mammals (Predicted),Rat
Applications:
ICC,IHC-Frozen,IHC-Paraffin-embedded
Application Details:
Staining of amyloid plaques in human and animal tissues, see included protocol
Alternative Names:
AmyloGlo
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis® RTD
Detection Method:
Fluorescence
Excitation/Emission:
Excitation Peak: 334 nm; Emission Peak: 533 nm - unbound, 438 nm when bound to amyloid. To visualize Amylo-glo in tissue, UV light is required. For example, Amylo-Glo tissue can be examined using an epifluoresent microscope with UV (Nikon UV-2A) filter cube. Excitation (325-375 nm) Emission (400-450 nm) is typical. Also note, it is not uncommon for Amylo-Glo to appear light yellow when examined by eye, yet appear a light blue color when photographed.
Shelf Life:
6 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Kit Components:
5 mL of 100X Amylo-Glo RTD (A-G RTD) solution
Product references:
Silvin A et al. (2022) "Dual ontogeny of disease-associated microglia and disease inflammatory macrophages in aging and neurodegeneration" Immunity. [Epub ahead of print]; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Shrader JM et al. (2022) "Distinct Brain Proteomic Signatures in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Rat Models of Hypertension and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy" J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. [Epub ahead of print]; Application: IHC/IF Species: Rat Zagorski K et al. (2022) "Immunogenicity of MultiTEP-Platform-Based Recombinant Protein Vaccine, PV-1950R, Targeting Three B-Cell Antigenic Determinants of Pathological ?-Synuclein" Int J Mol Sci. [Epub ahead of print]; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Shabestari SK et al. (2022) "Absence of microglia promotes diverse pathologies and early lethality in Alzheimers disease mice" Cell Rep. 39(11):110961; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Davis J et al. (2022) "rTg-D: A novel transgenic rat model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy Type-2." Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior [Epub ahead of print]; Application: IHC/IF Species: Rat Salvadores N et al. (2022) "A? oligomers trigger necroptosis-mediated neurodegeneration via microglia activation in Alzheimer's disease." Acta Neuropathol Commun. 10(1):31; Application: IHC/IF Species: Human Javonillo DI et al. (2022) "Systematic Phenotyping and Characterization of the 3xTg-AD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease." Front Neurosci. 15:785276; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Hohsfield LA et al. (2022) "MAC2 is a long-lasting marker of peripheral cell infiltrates into the mouse CNS after bone marrow transplantation and coronavirus infection." Glia. [Epub ahead of print]; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Tsay HJ et al. (2021) "EK100 and Antrodin C Improve Brain Amyloid Pathology in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice by Promoting Microglial and Perivascular Clearance Pathways." Int J Mol Sci. 22(19):10413; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Henningfield CM et al. (2021) "Microglia-specific ApoE knock-out does not alter Alzheimer's disease plaque pathogenesis or gene expression." Glia. [Epub ahead of print]; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Da Mesquita S et al. (2021) "Meningeal lymphatics affect microglia responses and anti-A? immunotherapy." Nature. 593(7858):255-260; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Lauterborn JC et al. (2021) "Increased excitatory to inhibitory synaptic ratio in parietal cortex samples from individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun. 12(1):2603; Application: IHC/IF Species: Human Kim JH et al. (2021) "Gamma subunit of complement component 8 is a neuroinflammation inhibitor." Brain. 144(2):528-552; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Claes C et al. (2021) "Plaque-associated human microglia accumulate lipid droplets in a chimeric model of Alzheimer's disease." Mol Neurodegener. 16(1):50; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Crapser JD. (2021) "Investigating microglial regulation of the extracellular matrix in health and neurodegenerative disease." PhD Thesis ; Application: IHC/IF Species: Human Baglietto-Vargas D et al. (2021) "Generation of a humanized A? expressing mouse demonstrating aspects of Alzheimer's disease-like pathology." Nature Communications. 2(1):2421; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Mistrik M et al. (2021) "Microthermal-induced subcellular-targeted protein damage in cells on plasmonic nanosilver-modified surfaces evokes a two-phase HSP-p97/VCP response." Nature Communications. 12, Article Number 719; Application: ICC/IF Species: Human Lemoine L et al. (2020) "Regional binding of tau and amyloid PET tracers in Down syndrome autopsy brain tissue." Mol Neurodegener. 15(1):68; Application: IHC/IF Species: Human Hascup KN et al. (2020) "Riluzole attenuates glutamatergic tone and cognitive decline in A?PP/PS1 mice." J Neurochem. [Epub ahead of print]; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Holloway OG et al. (2020) "Microglia Demonstrate Local Mixed Inflammation and a Defined Morphological Shift in an APP/PS1 Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis. 77(4):1765-81; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse McQuade A et al. (2020) "Gene expression and functional deficits underlie TREM2-knockout microglia responses in human models of Alzheimer s disease. Nat Commun. 11(1):5370; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Hascup KN et al. (2020) "Hippocampal alterations in glutamatergic signaling during amyloid progression in A?PP/PS1 mice." Sci Rep. 10(1):14503; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Crapser JD et al. (2020) "Microglia facilitate loss of perineuronal nets in the Alzheimer's disease brain." EBioMedicine. 58:102919; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Abe Y et al. (2020) "Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for a neuroprotective role of aquaporin-4 in the 5xFAD transgenic mice model." Acta Neuropathol Commun. 8(1):67; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Zhu X et al. (2020) "Robust neuroinflammation and perivascular pathology in rTg-DI rats, a novel model of microvascular cerebral amyloid angiopathy." J Neuroinflammation. 17(1):78; Application: IHC/IF Species: Rat Majewski L et al. (2020) "Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Human STIM2 and ORAI1 in Neurons Exhibit Changes in Behavior and Calcium Homeostasis but Show No Signs of Neurodegeneration." Int J Mol Sci. 21(3); Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Davtyan H et al. (2019) "Testing a MultiTEP-based combination vaccine to reduce A? and tau pathology in Tau22/5xFAD bigenic mice." Alzheimers Res Ther. 11(1):107; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Yeh SHH et al. (2019) "A high-sucrose diet aggravates Alzheimer's disease pathology, attenuates hypothalamic leptin signaling, and impairs food-anticipatory activity in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice." Neurbiol. Aging. [In press]; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Bharani KL et al. (2019) "Serum Pro-Bdnf Levels Correlate With Phospho-Tau Staining In Alzheimer's Disease." Neurbiol. Aging. [In press]; Application: IHC/IF Species: Human Hovakimyan A et al. (2019) "A MultiTEP platform-based epitope vaccine targeting the phosphatase activating domain (PAD) of tau: therapeutic efficacy in PS19 mice." Sci Rep. 9(1):15455; Application: IHC/IF Species: Human Hasselmann J et al. (2019) "Development of a Chimeric Model to Study and Manipulate Human Microglia In Vivo." Neuron. [Epub ahead of print]; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Spangenberg E et al. (2019) "Sustained microglial depletion with CSF1R inhibitor impairs parenchymal plaque development in an Alzheimer's disease model." Nat Commun. 10(1):3758 (Supplementary Figure 1); Application: IHC/IF Species: Human Eggers C et al. (2019) "Novel cannabis flavonoid, cannflavin A displays both a hormetic and neuroprotective profile against amyloid _-mediated neurotoxicity in PC12 cells: comparison with geranylated flavonoids, mimulone and diplacone." Biochem Pharmacol. [Epub ahead of print]; Application: IHC/IF Species: Rat Dominguez E (2019) "Microglial Contributions to Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis." PhD Thesis, UC Irvine. Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Jovic M et al. (2019) "Short-term fish oil supplementation applied in presymptomatic stage of Alzheimer's disease enhances microglial/macrophage barrier and prevents neuritic dystrophy in parietal cortex of 5xFAD mouse model." PLoS One. 14(5):e0216726; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Collins MJ et al. (2019) "Age moderates the effects of traumatic brain injury on beta-amyloid plaque load in APP/PS1 mice." J Neurotrauma. [Epub ahead of print]; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Shukla AK et al. (2018) "CD11a expression distinguishes infiltrating myeloid cells from plaque-associated microglia in Alzheimer's disease." Glia. [Epub ahead of print]; Application: IHC/IF Species: Mouse Feng X et al. (2018) "Quantitative proteomics reveals distinct composition of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease." Alzheimers Dement. [In press]; Application: IHC/IF Species: Human, mouse Davis J et al. (2018) "A Novel Transgenic Rat Model of Robust Cerebral Microvascular Amyloid with Prominent Vasculopathy." Am J Pathol. [Epub ahead of print]; Application: IHC/IF Species: Rat Palombo F et al. (2017) "Detection of A? plaque-associated astrogliosis in Alzheimer's disease brain by spectroscopic imaging and immunohistochemistry." Analyst. [Epub ahead of print]; Application: IF Species: Mouse Abud EM (2017) "Generation of Human Microglia from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Study Innate Immunity in Neurological Diseases." PhD Thesis. 2017; Application: IF Species: Mouse Abud EM et al. (2017) "iPSC-Derived Human Microglia-like Cells to Study Neurological Diseases." Neuron. 2017; 49(2):278-93 Application: IF Species: Mouse Solomon IH et al. (2017) "Brain and liver pathology, amyloid deposition, and interferon responses among older HIV-positive patients in the late HAART era." BMC Infect Dis. 2017; 17(1):151 Application: IF Species: Human Xu F et al. (2016) "Cerebral vascular amyloid seeds drive amyloid _-protein fibril assembly with a distinct anti-parallel structure." Nat Commun. 2016; 7:13527. Application: IF Species: Mouse Katsouri L et al. (2016) "PPARγ-coactivator-1_ gene transfer reduces neuronal loss and amyloid-_ generation by reducing _-secretase in an Alzheimer's disease model ." Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2016; 113(43):12292-97. Application: IF Species: Mouse Esposito G et al. (2016) "Autologous transplantation of intestine-isolated glia cells improves neuropathology and restores cognitive deficits in _ amyloid-induced neurodegeneration." Sci Rep. 2016; 6: 22605. Application: IF Species: Rat Marsh SE et al. (2016) "The adaptive immune system restrains Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis by modulating microglial function." Proc Natl Sci USA. Feb 16. pii: 201525466. Application: IF Species: Hu Fibrillar amyloid visualization. Kim YH et al. (2015) "A 3D human neural cell culture system for modeling Alzheimer's disease." Nat Protoc. Jul;10(7):985-1006. Application: IF Species: Hu , Human neural stem-cell-derived three-dimensional (3D) culture system. Nijholt DA et al. (2015) "Pregnancy Zone Protein is Increased in the Alzheimer's Disease Brain and Associates with Senile Plaques." J Alzheimer's Disease. 46(1):227-38. Application: IF Species: Hu Kamphuis W et al. (2015) "GFAP and vimentin deficiency alters gene expression in astrocytes and microglia in wild-type mice and changes the transcriptional response of reactive glia in mouse model for Alzheimer's disease." Glia. Jun;63(6):1036-56. Application: IF Species: Mouse Choi SH et al. (2014) "A three-dimensional human neural cell culture model of Alzheimer's disease." Nature Oct 12. doi: 10.1038/nature1380. Application: IF Species: Hu , Human neural stem-cell-derived three-dimensional (3D) culture system. Niedowicz DM et al. (2014). "Obesity and diabetes cause cognitive dysfunction in the absence of accelerated beta-amyloid deposition in a novel murine model of mixed or vascular dementia." Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2014 Jun 10;2:64.
Specificity:
Amyloid plaques both intraneuronal and vascular
Storage:
The stock solution can be stored for up to 6 months after date of receipt at 2-8°C protected from light. No preservatives. Use sterile technique when handling and proper laboratory procedures.
Purification:
Thin layer chromatography using alumina plates and a solvent system of ethanol and water (3:1) revealed the presence of two fluorescent isomers. No amount of starting material was detected.
The amyloid beta peptide is derived from the cleavage of the Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and varies in length from 39 to 43 amino acids. However, the form(s) of amyloid-beta peptide (A? associated with the pathology characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. In particular, the neurotoxicity of intraneuronal A? accumulation is an area of considerable research and controversy principally because antibodies thought to be specific for A? have been shown to actually detect intraneuronal APP and not A? exclusively.<br /><br />MOAB-2 (mouse IgG2b) is a pan-specific, high-titer antibody to A? residues 1-4 as demonstrated by biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses (IHC), and is highly specific just to amyloid beta peptide.<br /><br />MOAB-2 did not detect APP or APP-CTFs in cell culture media/lysates (HEK-APPSwe or HEK APPSwe/BACE1) or in brain homogenates from transgenic mice expressing 5 familial AD (FAD) mutation (5xFAD mice). <br /><br />Using IHC on 5xFAD brain tissue, MOAB-2 immunoreactivity co-localized with C-terminal antibodies specific for A?40 and A?42. MOAB-2 did not co-localize with either N- or C-terminal antibodies to APP. In addition, no MOAB-2-immunreactivity was observed in the brains of 5xFAD/BACE-/- mice, although significant amounts of APP were detected by N- and C-terminal antibodies to APP, as well as by 6E10.<br /><br />In both 5xFAD and 3xTg mouse brain tissue, MOAB-2 co-localized with cathepsin-D, a marker for acidic organelles, further evidence for intraneuronal A?, distinct from A? associated with the cell membrane. MOAB-2 demonstrated strong intraneuronal and extra-cellular immunoreactivity in 5xFAD and 3xTg mouse brain tissues.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized, from a Protein A purified preparation in 0.02 M Potassium Phosphate, 0.15 M Sodium Chloride, 0.01% sodium azide, 0.1% trehalose, pH 7.2; contains 0.01% sodium azide as a preservative.
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant human amyloid beta protein 42 (A?42): DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIA
Western Blotting (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunohistochemistry/paraffin embedded IH(P), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Immunofluorescence (IF), ELISA.<br><br>Antibody has been tested in WB using purified synthetic beta-amyloid preparations and from transgenic mouse brain formic acid extracts (see figure 1). Formic acid extraction/concentration is required for western blot detection from extracts. MOAB-2 antibody is specific for beta-amyloid and does not detect APP. Suggested dilution of 1:2000-1:5,000 for WB, standard ECL detection systems. <br><br>Tissue samples for the detection of beta-amyloid should be prepared as detailed in K.L. Youmans et al. {Journal of Neuroscience Methods 196 (2011) 51-59} for best results. Detection of beta-amyloid 40/42 in direct westerns can be difficult; Dot-blots of prepared samples are recommended as detailed in Youmans. KL et al 2012. <br><br>IR or fluorescent detection systems not yet tested, they but are expected to work well with higher primary antibody dilutions because of the increased sensitivity of the detection methods.<br><br>Suggested dilutions for IHC are 1:50-1:1,000. Fresh frozen, 4% paraformaldehyde fixed frozen, or formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues are all suitable. Optimal dilutions must be determined by the end user. Antigen retrieval is required in fixed tissues for optimal staining.<br><br>Antibody was tested on 4% paraformaldehyde/0.1% glutaraldehyde fixed frozen tissue from 3xTg and 5xFAD mice. MOAB-2 antibody detects intraneuronal and extracellular beta-amyloid in IHC and does not detect APP {Youmans KL et al 2012}.<br><br> The antibody also reacts with archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples with antigen Heat Induced Epitope Retrieval (HIER): Recommended Citrate, pH 6.0 buffer for HIER. Signal was weak without antigen retrieval. Immunoreactively was expressed in intraneural-amyloid deposition (plaque) in Alzheimer's brain. MoAB-2 was found to be extremely clean and with an excellent signal to noise ratio with no neuro-cellular diffusive staining.<br><br>In addition MOAB-2 demonstrated no significant differences in A-beta detection using paraffin fixed, free-floating sections {Youmans KL et al 2012}. Formic acid (FA) treatment resulted in optimal detection of both intraneuronal and extracellular A-beta compared to without FA (incubated in 88% FA 8 min, Youmans KL et al 2012). Free floating tissue sections were permeabilized in TBS containing 0.25% Triton X-100 (TBSX; 3 x 10 min), blocked with 3% horse serum in TBSX (3 x 10 min) followed by 1% horse serum in TBSX (2 x10 min) and incubated with appropriate primary antibodies diluted in TBSX containing 1% horse serum overnight. See Youmans KL et al 2012 for full IH(P) protocol and method details.<br><br> For IF, suggested dilution is 1:100-1:500. The antibody was tested on 4% PFA fixed frozen tissue. Fixed tissues were washed in TBS (3 x 10 min), then incubated in 88% FA (8 min), and then permeabilized in TBSX (3 x 10 min), and blocked in TBSX containing 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA; 1 hr). Sections were subsequently incubated with appropriate primary antibodies diluted in TBSX containing 2% BSA overnight on an oscillatory rotator. Detection was via fluorescently labelled absorbed secondary antibodies {Youmans KL et al 2012}.<br><br>For IP, the suggested dilution is 1:200 to 1:1,000 for labeled beta-amyloid using Protein A/G conjugated beads as the capture vehicle {Youmans KL et al 2012}.<br><br>In an ELISA, a dilution of 1:50-1:1000 is suggested. The antibody has been tested in ELISAs on synthetic beta-amyloid and tissue homogenates from beta-amyloid-Tg mice. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user for all applications. Dilutions provided are only meant to serve as a basic guide.
Alternative Names:
Beta-APP42; Beta-APP40; Beta-amyloid protein 42; Beta-amyloid protein 40; ABPP; APPI; Amyloid beta A4 protein;MOAB2;MOAB-2; Alzheimer's antibody;AB40;AB42;abeta
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Product references:
Setti, S.E. et al. (2022) Assessment of sex-related neuropathology and cognitive deficits in the Tg-SwDI mouse model of Alzheimers disease. Behave Brain Res. 428:113882. Application: IHC. Sil, A. et al. (2022) Sex Differences in Behavior and Molecular Pathology in the 5XFAD Model. J Alzheimers Dis. 85(2):755-778. Application: WB. Sarkar, S. et al. (2020) Modification of methods to use Congo-red stain to simultaneously visualize amyloid plaques and tangles in human and rodent brain tissue sections. Metab Brain Dis. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IHC. Cuevas, E. et al. (2019) Amyloid Beta 25-35 induces blood-brain barrier disruption in vitro. Metab Brain Dis. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: ICC/IF. Schmued, L. et al. (2019) High Contrast and Resolution Labeling of Amyloid Plaques in Tissue Sections from APP-PS1 Mice and Humans with Alzheimer's Disease with the Zinc Chelator HQ-O: Practical and Theoretical Considerations. Curr Alzheimer Res. 16(7):577-586. Application: IHC/IF. Hui, L. et al. (2019) Acidifying Endolysosomes Prevented Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Amyloidogenesis. J Alzheimers Dis. 64(1):393-410. Application: ICC/IF. Koss, DJ. et al. (2018) Distinctive temporal profiles of detergent-soluble and -insoluble tau and A? species in human Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: WB, dot blot. Zhao, Y. et al. (2018) TREM2 Is a Receptor for _-Amyloid that Mediates Microglial Function. Neuron. 97(5):1023-1031. Application: IHC, free-floating cryostat sections Zhu, B. et al. (2017) ER-associated degradation regulates Alzheimer's amyloid pathology and memory function by modulating _-secretase activity. Nat Commun. 8(1):1472. Application: IHC Huang, TY. et al. (2017) SORLA attenuates EphA4 signaling and amyloid _-induced neurodegeneration. J Exp Med. pii: jem.20171413. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IHC Felecia, M. et al. (2017) Peripheral Inflammation, Apolipoprotein E4, and Amyloid-_ Interact to Induce Cognitive and Cerebrovascular Dysfunction. ASN Neuro. 9(4):1759091417719201. Application: IHC/IF Thomas, R. et al. (2016) Epidermal growth factor prevents APOE4 and amyloid-beta-induced cognitive and cerebrovascular deficits in female mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 4(1):111 Application: IHC Koster, KP. et al. (2016) Epidermal growth factor prevents oligomeric amyloid-_ induced angiogenesis deficits in vitro. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. [Epub ahead of print] Application: IF Loffler, T. et al. (2016) Decreased Plasma A? in Hyperlipidemic APPSL Transgenic Mice Is Associated with BBB Dysfunction. Front. Neurosci. Application: IF Kobro-Flatmoen, A. et al. (2016) Reelin-immunoreactive neurons in entorhinal cortex layer II selectively express intracellular amyloid in early Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Disease. 93:172-183. Application: IHC Tai, LM. et al. (2016) The role of APOE in cerebrovascular dysfunction. Acta Neuropathol. 131(5):709-23. Application: IF Kim, YH. et al. (2015) A 3D human neural cell culture system for modeling Alzheimer's disease. Nat Prot. 10(7):985-1006. Application: WB Condello, C. et al. (2015) Microglia constitute a barrier that prevents neurotoxic protofibrillar A?42 hotspots around plaques. Nat Commun. 6:6176. Application: IF Iulita MF et al (2014) Studying Alzheimer's Disease Pre-clinical Stages: Insights from Down's Syndrome and Transgenic Animal Models. PhD Thesis Application: IHC/IF Iulita MF et al (2014) Intracellular Abeta pathology and early cognitive impairments in a transgenic rat model overexpressing human amyloid precursor protein: a multidimensional study. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 6:61. Application: IF, IH Smith BR et al (2014) Neuronal inclusions of alpha-synuclein contribute to the pathogenesis of Krabbe disease. J Pathol. Apr;235(5):509-21. Application: IF
Specificity:
MOAB-2 detects preparations enriched in U-, O-, F-A?42, and U-A?40 by dot-blot, and is thus a pan-specific A? antibody. However, MOAB-2 is selective for the more neurotoxic A?42 compared to A?40. Indeed, MOAB-2 demonstrated a titration against antigen concentration, and detects A?40 at 2.5 pmol but U-, O- and FA?b42 at antigen concentrations as low as ~ 0.1 pmol {Youmans. KL et al 2012}. MOAB-2 does not detect APP (Amyloid precursor protein). Human, Rat, other species not yet tested.By Dot blot, MOAB-2 detected rat A?40 and human A?40, albeit with less affinity than for A?42. {Youmans. KL et al 2012}
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20 ° to -70°C for a higher stability. At 2-8°C keep up to one week, insulated, protected from light; use sterile methods and pipettes. Highly purified glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Keep tightly closed when not in use and protected from light.
Purification:
This product is a Protein A purified mouse IgG2b in 0.02 M Potassium Phosphate, 0.15 M Sodium Chloride, 0.01% sodium azide, pH 7.2.
The amyloid beta peptide is derived from the cleavage of the Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and varies in length from 39 to 43 amino acids. However, the form(s) of amyloid-beta peptide (A? associated with the pathology characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. In particular, the neurotoxicity of intraneuronal A? accumulation is an area of considerable research and controversy principally because antibodies thought to be specific for A? have been shown to actually detect intraneuronal APP and not A? exclusively.<br /><br />MOAB-2 (mouse IgG2b) is a pan-specific, high-titer antibody to A? residues 1-4 as demonstrated by biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses (IHC), and is highly specific just to amyloid beta peptide. <strong>MOAB-2 did not detect APP or APP-CTFs</strong> in cell culture media/lysates (HEK-APPSwe or HEK APPSwe/BACE1) or in brain homogenates from transgenic mice expressing 5 familial AD (FAD) mutation (5xFAD mice). <br /><br />Using IHC on 5xFAD brain tissue, MOAB-2 immunoreactivity co-localized with C-terminal antibodies specific for A?40 and A?42. MOAB-2 did not co-localize with either N- or C-terminal antibodies to APP. In addition, no MOAB-2-immunreactivity was observed in the brains of 5xFAD/BACE-/- mice, although significant amounts of APP were detected by N- and C-terminal antibodies to APP, as well as by 6E10. In both 5xFAD and 3xTg mouse brain tissue, MOAB-2 co-localized with cathepsin-D, a marker for acidic organelles, further evidence for intraneuronal A?, distinct from A? associated with the cell membrane. MOAB-2 demonstrated strong intraneuronal and extra-cellular immunoreactivity in 5xFAD and 3xTg mouse brain tissues.<br /><br />Biosensis now offers <strong>biotinylated MOAB-2</strong> <strong>antibody</strong> allowing more flexibility in experimental design by using the biotin-avidin/streptavidin detection method. Biotinylated MOAB-2 antibody may also help to reduce background staining in difficult-to-stain tissues and increase detection sensitivity. The ability of biotinylated MOAB-2 antibody to detect amyloid beta has been validated by IHC.<br /><br />Purified, non-biotinylated MOAB-2 antibody is available <a href="https://www.biosensis.com/moab-mouse-monoclonal-antibody-amyloid-beta-peptide-beta-4042-purified-p-1181.htmL">here</a>.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Monoclonal
Format:
Lyophilized from PBS buffer, pH 7.4; contains no preservative.
Host Animal:
Mouse
Species Reactivity:
Human,Rat
Immunogen:
Recombinant human amyloid beta protein 42 (A?42): DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIA
Applications:
ELISA,ICC,IHC-Frozen,IHC-Paraffin-embedded,IP,WB
Clone number:
MOAB-2
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2b, lambda
Application Details:
The biotinylated MOAB-2 antibody has been tested by IHC (1:500 - 1:2,000 dilution) and is also expected to work in applications validated for the unlabelled antibody (M-1586-100) at same or higher dilutions: Western Blotting (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunohistochemistry/paraffin embedded IHC(P), Immunoprecipitation (IP), Immunofluorescence (IF), ELISA.<br><br><i>Western Blotting:</i><br><br>MOAB-2 has been tested in WB using purified synthetic beta-amyloid preparations and from transgenic mouse brain formic acid extracts (see Figure 1). Formic acid extraction/concentration is required for western blot detection from extracts. Suggested dilution of 1:2000-1:5,000 for WB, standard ECL detection systems. <br><br>Tissue samples for the detection of beta-amyloid should be prepared as detailed in Youmans KL et al., 2011 (Journal of Neuroscience Methods 196: 51-59) for best results. Detection of beta-amyloid 40/42 in direct westerns can be difficult; Dot-blots of prepared samples are recommended as detailed in Youmans KL et al., 2012. <br><br><i>Immunohistochemistry:</i><br><br>Suggested dilution for biotinylated MOAB-2 in IHC is 1:500-1:2,000. Fresh frozen, 4% paraformaldehyde fixed frozen, or formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues are all suitable. Antigen retrieval is required in fixed tissues for optimal staining.<br><br>Antibody was tested on 4% paraformaldehyde/0.1% glutaraldehyde fixed frozen tissue from 3xTg and 5xFAD mice. MOAB-2 antibody detects intraneuronal and extracellular beta-amyloid in IHC and does not detect APP (Youmans KL et al., 2012).<br><br>The antibody also reacts with archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples with antigen Heat Induced Epitope Retrieval (HIER). Recommended buffer for HIER is citrate, pH 6.0. Signal was weak without antigen retrieval. Immunoreactivity was observed in intraneural-amyloid deposition (plaque) in Alzheimer's brain. MOAB-2 was found to be extremely clean and with an excellent signal to noise ratio with no neuro-cellular diffusive staining.<br><br>In addition, MOAB-2 demonstrated no significant differences in A-beta detection using paraffin fixed, free-floating sections (Youmans KL et al., 2012). Formic acid (FA) treatment resulted in optimal detection of both intraneuronal and extracellular A-beta compared to without FA (incubated in 88% FA 8 min, Youmans KL et al., 2012). Free floating tissue sections were permeabilized in TBS containing 0.25% Triton X-100 (TBSX; 3 x 10 min), blocked with 3% horse serum in TBSX (3 x 10 min) followed by 1% horse serum in TBSX (2 x10 min) and incubated with appropriate primary antibodies diluted in TBSX containing 1% horse serum overnight. See Youmans KL et al., 2012, for full IHC(P) protocol and method details.<br><br><i>Immunofluorescence:</i><br><br>For IF, suggested dilution is 1:100-1:500. The antibody was tested on 4% PFA fixed frozen tissue. Fixed tissues were washed in TBS (3 x 10 min), then incubated in 88% FA (8 min), and then permeabilized in TBSX (3 x 10 min), and blocked in TBSX containing 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA; 1 hr). Sections were subsequently incubated with appropriate primary antibodies diluted in TBSX containing 2% BSA overnight on an oscillatory rotator. Detection was via fluorescently labelled absorbed secondary antibodies (Youmans KL et al., 2012).<br><br><i>Immunoprecipitation:</i><br><br>For IP, the suggested dilution is 1:200 to 1:1,000 for labelled beta-amyloid using SA-coated beads as the capture vehicle, similar to the protocols employed by Youmans KL et al., 2012.<br><br><i>ELISA:</i><br><br>In an ELISA, a dilution of 1:50-1:1,000 is suggested. The antibody has been tested in ELISAs on synthetic beta-amyloid and tissue homogenates from beta-amyloid-Tg mice. <br><br>Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user for all applications. Dilutions provided are only meant to serve as a basic guide.
Kim, S. et al. (2020) Performance Validation of a Planar Hall Resistance Biosensor through Beta-Amyloid Biomarker. Sensors (Basel). 20(2) Application: In-vitro biosensor. Ruan, CS. et al. (2017) Sortilin inhibits amyloid pathology by regulating non-specific degradation of APP. Exp Neurol. [Epub ahead of print] Application: IHC References for non-biotinylated MOAB-2 antibody (M-1586-100): Zhu, B. et al. (2017) ER-associated degradation regulates Alzheimer's amyloid pathology and memory function by modulating _-secretase activity. Nat Commun. 8(1):1472. Application: IHC Huang, TY. et al. (2017) SORLA attenuates EphA4 signaling and amyloid _-induced neurodegeneration. J Exp Med. pii: jem.20171413. [Epub ahead of print]. Application: IHC Felecia, M. et al. (2017) Peripheral Inflammation, Apolipoprotein E4, and Amyloid-_ Interact to Induce Cognitive and Cerebrovascular Dysfunction. ASN Neuro. 9(4):1759091417719201. Application: IHC/IF Thomas, R. et al. (2016) Epidermal growth factor prevents APOE4 and amyloid-beta-induced cognitive and cerebrovascular deficits in female mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 4(1):111 Application: IHC Koster, KP. et al. (2016) Epidermal growth factor prevents oligomeric amyloid-_ induced angiogenesis deficits in vitro. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. [Epub ahead of print] Application: IF Loffler, T. et al. (2016) Decreased Plasma A? in Hyperlipidemic APPSL Transgenic Mice Is Associated with BBB Dysfunction. Front. Neurosci. Application: IF Kobro-Flatmoen, A. et al. (2016) Reelin-immunoreactive neurons in entorhinal cortex layer II selectively express intracellular amyloid in early Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Disease. 93:172-183. Application: IHC Tai, LM. et al. (2016) The role of APOE in cerebrovascular dysfunction. Acta Neuropathol. 131(5):709-23. Application: IF Kim, YH. et al. (2015) A 3D human neural cell culture system for modeling Alzheimer's disease. Nat Prot. 10(7):985-1006. Application: WB Condello, C. et al. (2015) Microglia constitute a barrier that prevents neurotoxic protofibrillar A?42 hotspots around plaques. Nat Commun. 6:6176. Application: IF Iulita MF et al (2014) Intracellular Abeta pathology and early cognitive impairments in a transgenic rat model overexpressing human amyloid precursor protein: a multidimensional study. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 6:61. Application: IF, IH Smith BR et al (2014) Neuronal inclusions of alpha-synuclein contribute to the pathogenesis of Krabbe disease. J Pathol. Apr;235(5):509-21. Application: IF
Specificity:
MOAB-2 detects preparations enriched in U-, O-, F-A?42, and U-A?40 by dot-blot, and is thus a pan-specific A? antibody. However, MOAB-2 is selective for the more neurotoxic A?42 compared to A?40. Indeed, MOAB-2 demonstrated a titration against antigen concentration, and detects A?40 at 2.5 pmol, but U-, O- and F-A?b42 at antigen concentrations as low as ~ 0.1 pmol (Youmans. KL et al., 2012; PMID: 22423893). MOAB-2 does not detect APP (Amyloid Precursor Protein). Human, rat, other species not yet tested. By Dot Blot, MOAB-2 detected rat A?40 and human A?40, albeit with less affinity than for A?42 (Youmans KL et al., 2012).
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C to -70°C for a higher stability. At 2-8°C keep up to one week; use sterile methods and pipettes. Highly purified glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles. Keep tightly closed when not in use and protected from light.
Purification:
Antibody was purified from cell culture supernatant by Protein G chromatography, biotinylated and buffer-exchanged into PBS, pH 7.4 buffer
Sheep anti-Ancient ubiquitous protein 1 (AUP1) Polyclonal Antibody (Unconjugated), suitable for WB, IHC-Frozen.
Background Info:
AUP1 contains a domain with homology to the ancient conserved region of the archain 1 gene and a domain thay may be involved in binding ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. The unprocessed precusor is of 476 amino acids in length and has an estimated molecular weight of 53 kDa. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms produced by alternative splicing.TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Ubiquitous. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AUP1 family. SIMILARITY: Contains 1 CUE domain.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Host Animal:
Sheep
Species Reactivity:
Bovine,Human,Rat,Sheep
Immunogen:
A synthetic peptide (HVFLVSCALPDSV) corresponding to the amino acids 48-60 of human ancient ubiquitous protein 1 conjugated to Blue carrier protein has been used as the immunogen. The peptide is homologous with the corresponding sequence derived from bovine, mouse and rat.
Applications:
IHC-Frozen,WB
Antibody Isotype:
Mixed
Application Details:
IHC, WB. Use at a dilution of 1:500 to 1:6000. This antiserum works superbly in both paraffin embedded and frozen tissues. Biosensis recommends optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
Alternative Names:
AUP1
Biosensis Brand:
Biosensis®
Conjugate:
Unconjugated
Shelf Life:
12 months after date of receipt (unopened vial).
Use:
For research use only.
Specificity:
This antiserum is specific for ancient ubiquitous protein 1. This antibody is known to react with bovine, sheep, human and rat ancient ubiquitous protein 1. Other species have not yet been tested.
Storage:
After reconstitution keep aliquots at -20°C for a higher stability, and at 2-8°C with an appropriate antibacterial agent. Glycerol (1:1) may be added for an additional stability. Avoid repetitive freeze/thaw cycles.
Calretinin is a calcium-binding protein and it is expressed in neurons and in nervous system. Calretinin is also expressed in mesothelial cells and steroid producing cells eg. Leydig cells and adrenal cortical cells as well as fat cells and some neuroendocrine cells. Calretinin located in the cells to nucleus and cytoplasm. Calretinin is useful for mesothelioma diagnostic (differentiate diagnostic between mesothelioma from carcinoma) and it is expressed in most malignant mesothelioma.
CD117 is a cell membrane protein encoded by the c-kit proto-oncogene. CD117 is expressed in mast cells, skin melanocytes and interstitial Cajal cells (ICC). These cells show a strong membrane and cytoplasmic staining. CD117 is also expressed in various epithelia (salivary glands, renal tubular cells etc.). Appendix serves as a good positive and negative control tissue. Neoplasms such as gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), mast cell neoplasms and many other (seminoma, Mercel cell carcinoma etc.) express CD117. This antibody (together with DOG-1, CD34, SMA) is of great importance in the diagnosis of GIST, because of specific treatment of GIST patient with Gleveec.
Cyclin B1 is a regulatory protein involved in mitosis. It complexes with p34(cdc2) to form maturation-promoting factor (MPF), and is necessary for proper control of the G2/M phase transition of the cell cycle. It is expressed in tissues containing proliferating cells, such as lymph node, testis et al.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Storage Temp:
Store at 2-8°C. Protect from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Immunogen:
Recombinant His-tagged hamster cyclin B1
Applications:
FC
Clone number:
V152
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 10 ?l reagent / 100 ?l of whole blood or 106 cells in a suspension. The content of a vial (1 ml) is sufficient for 100 tests. Intracellular staining.
Cytokeratin 18, also known as CK18, CYK18, KRT18. Entrez Protein NP_000215. It encodes the type I intermediate filament chain keratin 18. Keratin 18, together with its filament partner keratin 8, are perhaps the most commonly found members of the intermediate filament gene family. They are expressed in single layer epithelial tissues of the body. Mutations in this gene have been linked to cryptogenic cirrhosis. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.
CD14 is a 55 kDa GPI-anchored glycoprotein, constitutively expressed on the surface of mature monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils, where it serves as a multifunctional lipopolysaccharide receptor. It is also released to the serum both as a secreted and enzymatically cleaved GPI-anchored form. CD14 binds lipopolysaccharide molecule in a reaction catalyzed by lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), an acute phase serum protein. The soluble sCD14 is able to discriminate slight structural differences between lipopolysaccharides and is important for neutralization of serum allochthonous lipopolysaccharides by reconstituted lipoprotein particles. CD14 affects allergic, inflammatory and infectious processes.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
Store at 2-8°C. Protect from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Immunogen:
A crude mixture of human urinary proteins precipitated by ammonium sulphate from the urine of a patient suffering from proteinuria.
Applications:
FC
Additional Info:
The antibody MEM-18 reacts with CD14, a 53-55 kDa GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol)-linked extracellular membrane glycoprotein expressed on monocytes, macrophages and weakly on granulocytes; also expressed by most tissue macrophages. In human, the epitope recognized by MEM-18 is located between amino acids 57-64.
Clone number:
MEM-18
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 20 ?l reagent / 100 ?l of whole blood or 106 cells in a suspension. The content of a vial (2 ml) is sufficient for 100 tests.
CD324 / E-cadherin is an epithelial cell surface molecule, which provides calcium-dependent homophilic interactions with E-cadherin of another cell. These intaractions take part in morphogenetic programs controlling the maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of epithelia and affect invasive potential of epithelial neoplasms. CD324 / E-cadherin is implicated in cell growth and differentiation, cell recognition, and sorting during developmental morphogenesis, as well as in aggregation-dependent cell survival. CD324 / E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion system is highly regulated from inside the cell by a number of intracellular signaling pathways.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
Store at 2-8°C. Protect from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Immunogen:
T-47D cells
Applications:
FC
Additional Info:
The mouse monoclonal antibody 67A4 recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD324 / E-cadherin, an approximately 100 kDa epithelial cell adhesion molecule, whose detection is important for determination of invasive potential of epithelial neoplasms.
Clone number:
67A4
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 20 ?l reagent / 100 ?l of whole blood or 106 cells in a suspension. The content of a vial (2 ml) is sufficient for 100 tests.
CD45RA is a high molecular weight isoform of a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase, CD45 glycoprotein. CD45 is crucial in lymphocyte development and antigen signaling, serving as an important regulator of Src-family kinases, promotes cell survival by modulating integrin-mediated signal transduction pathway and is also involved in DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. CD45 isoforms differ in their extracellular domains, whereas they share identical transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. These isoforms differ in their ability to translocate into the glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane domains and their expression depends on cell type and physiological state of the cell. CD45RA is expressed e.g. on naïve T cells and normal plasma cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
Store at 2-8°C. Protect from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Immunogen:
Human thymocytes and T lymphocytes.
Applications:
FC
Additional Info:
The antibody MEM-56 reacts with an extracellular epitope of CD45RA, a 205-220 kDa single chain type I glycoprotein, variant of CD45 (CD45RA isoform). CD45RA is expressed on most of B lymphocytes, resting and native T lymphocytes, medullar thymocytes and monocytes.
Clone number:
MEM-56
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2b
Application Details:
Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 4 ?l reagent / 100 ?l of whole blood or 106 cells in a suspension. The content of a vial (0.4 ml) is sufficient for 100 tests.
CD46 (MCP, membrane cofactor protein) is a multifunctional cell surface transmembrane protein that binds and inactivates C3b and C4b complement fragments, regulates T cell-induced inflammatory responses by either inhibiting (CD46-1 isoform) or increasing (CD46-2 isoform) the contact hypersensitivity reaction. CD46 also serves as a receptor for several human pathogens (both bacteria and viruses), and its ligation alteres T lymphocyte polarization toward antigen-presenting cells or target cells, inhibiting lymphocyte function. CD46 is a protector of placental tissue and is also expressed on the inner acrosomal membrane of spermatozoa.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
Store at 2-8°C. Protect from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Immunogen:
HPB-ALL human T cell line
Applications:
FC
Additional Info:
The antibody MEM-258 recognizes an extracellular epitope on SCR4 (the membrane-proximal SCR) domain of CD46 (Membrane cofactor protein). CD46 is 56-66 kDa dimeric transmembrane protein expressed on T and B lymphocytes, platelets, monocytes, granulocytes, endothelial cells, epithelial cells and fibroblast; it is negative on erythrocytes.
Clone number:
MEM-258
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 20 ?l reagent / 100 ?l of whole blood or 106 cells in a suspension. The content of a vial (2 ml) is sufficient for 100 tests.
CD52 (CAMPATH-1, HE5) is a highly glycosylated GPI-anchored 21-28 kDa glycopeptide which is present at high levels on lymphocytes, macrophages, epithelial cells of male reproductive tract and mature sperm. Its 12-amino acid beckbone carries a complex N-linked carbohydrate moiety, which differs between sperm and leukocyte CD52, as well as the GPI anchor does. CD52 can be acquired by sperm cells from seminal plasma, where it is released by epithelial cells. Although CD52 is not an essential T-cell costimulator, its triggering results in activation of normal human T cells. CD52 is a very good target for antibody/complement-mediated cell lysis.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
Store at 2-8°C. Protect from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Immunogen:
Human tonsil
Applications:
FC
Additional Info:
The antibody HI186 reacts with CD52 (CAMPATH-1), a 21-28 kDa extracellular glycoprotein containing a large N-linked carbohydrate moiety; mature CD52 molecule is actually much smaller (approx. 8-9 kDa). CD52 is expressed at high levels on lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages and in male reproductive tract.
Clone number:
HI186
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2b
Application Details:
Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 20 ?l reagent / 100 ?l of whole blood or 106 cells in a suspension. The content of a vial (2 ml) is sufficient for 100 tests.
CD56 (NCAM, neural cell adhesion molecule) is a transmembrane glycoprotein of immunoglobulin family serving as adhesive molecule which is ubiquitously expressed in nervous system, usually as 120 kDa, 140 kDa or 180 kDa isoform, and it is also found on T cells and NK cells. Polysialic modification results in reduction of CD56-mediated cell adhesion and is involved in cell migration, axonal growth, pathfinding and synaptic plasticity. CD56 is a widely used neuroendocrine marker with a high sensitivity for neuroendocrine tumours and ovarian granulosa cell tumours.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
Store at 2-8°C. Protect from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Immunogen:
Cell line KG1a
Applications:
FC
Additional Info:
The mouse monoclonal antibody LT56 recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD56 (NCAM), a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed ubiquitously in the nervous system and found also on T cells and NK cells.
Clone number:
LT56
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a
Application Details:
Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 10 ?l reagent / 100 ?l of whole blood or 106 cells in a suspension. The content of a vial (1 ml) is sufficient for 100 tests.
CD61 (beta3 integrin) is a transmembrane glycoprotein, which associates with CD41 or CD51 molecules to form heterodimeric adhesion receptores. CD41/CD61 complex is one of the earliest markers of the megakaryocytic lineage. It binds to fibronectin, fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor, and is involved in platelet aggregation. CD51/CD61 complex has similar binding properties and is involved in modulating migration and survival of angiogenic endothelial cells.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
Store at 2-8°C. Protect from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Applications:
FC
Additional Info:
The mouse monoclonal antibody VIPL2 recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD61, a 90-110 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein of integrin family, expressed on platelets, megacaryocytes, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and other cell types, including leucocytes and smooth muscle cells.
Clone number:
VIPL2
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1 k
Application Details:
Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 10 ?l reagent / 100 ?l of whole blood or 106 cells in a suspension. The content of a vial (1 ml) is sufficient for 100 tests.
CD69 (C-type lectin domain family 2 C, CLEC2C, also known as AIM) is one of the earliest inducible cell surface molecules acquired during leukocyte activation. This glycoprotein serves as a lectin-type receptor in lymphocytes, NK cells and platelets; it is involved in lymphocyte proliferation. CD69 expression is counteracted on T cells in the AIDS stage of HIV infection, and may be also predictive for clinical response to chemoimmunotherapy.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
Store at 2-8°C. Protect from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Immunogen:
anti-µ-stimulated human B lymphocytes
Applications:
FC
Additional Info:
The mouse monoclonal antibody FN50 recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD69, an lymphocyte early activation marker.
Clone number:
FN50
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1
Application Details:
Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 10 ?l reagent / 100 ?l of whole blood or 106 cells in a suspension. The content of a vial (1 ml) is sufficient for 100 tests.
CD72 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed as a homodimer especially in B cells, but also in other antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. Through one of its immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motives (ITIMs), CD72 interacts with tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, thereby suppressing B cell responsiveness. Binding of CD72 with its ligand CD100 (Sema4D) prevents BCR association and phosphorylation of CD72 and results in dissociation of SHP-1 from CD72, thus enables B cell activation.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
Store at 2-8°C. Protect from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Immunogen:
Normal human lymphocytes from a lymph node.
Applications:
FC
Additional Info:
The mouse monoclonal antibody 3F3 recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD72, a 39-43 kDa type II membrane glycoprotein (C-type lectin family). CD72 is a pan-B cell marker expressed throughout the B lymphocytes diferentiation with the exception of plasma cells; it is also present on follicular dendritic cells.
Clone number:
3F3
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2b
Application Details:
Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 20 ?l reagent / 100 ?l of whole blood or 106 cells in a suspension. The content of a vial (2 ml) is sufficient for 100 tests.
CD82 (KAI1), a member of the tetraspanin family, forms complexes with other tetraspanin proteins, integrins, coreceptors, MHC class I and II molecules. These complexes influence adhesion, morphology, activation, proliferation and differentiation of B, T and other cells. CD82 regulates cytoskeleton rearrangement and may participate in the turnover of the tetraspanin complex members. Besides in the plasma membrane, CD82 is localized also in endosome/lysosome compartments. Tumour-suppressive roles of CD82 have been demonstrated.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
Store at 2-8°C. Protect from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Immunogen:
C91/PL (human HTLV-1+ T cell line)
Applications:
FC
Additional Info:
The mouse monoclonal antibody C33 recognizes an extracellular/luminal epitope of CD82, a widely expressed cell surface protein of the tetraspanin family. CD82 is also found in endosome/lysosome compartments.
Clone number:
C33
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a
Application Details:
Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 4 ?l reagent / 100 ?l of whole blood or 106 cells in a suspension. The content of a vial (0.4 ml) is sufficient for 100 tests.
CD84 is a highly glycosylated homophilic receptor of SLAM family. It is expressed on platelets and various types of leukocytes, especially following their activation. Ligation of CD84 leads to its phosphorylation on tyrosine residues within the cytoplasmic tail. These docking sites are recognized by downstream signaling molecules, such as phosphatase SHP-2 and adaptor protein SAP/SH2D1A. The function of CD84 has not been fully elucidated yet. Although predominantly activating receptor, its modulating activity was also demonstrated.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
Store at 2-8°C. Protect from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Immunogen:
CD84-transfected 300.19 cell line
Applications:
FC
Additional Info:
The mouse monoclonal antibody CD84.1.21 recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD84, a single chain cell surface glycoprotein of 64-82 kDa, predominantly expressed B cells, monocytes, platelets and some T cells.
Clone number:
CD84.1.21
Antibody Isotype:
IgG2a k
Application Details:
Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 10 ?l reagent / 100 ?l of whole blood or 106 cells in a suspension. The content of a vial (1 ml) is sufficient for 100 tests.
CD89 (Fc-alpha-R) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein serving as a receptor for IgA. Soluble CD89 is detectable in serum and retains its IgA binding capacity. For signal transduction the association with FcR gamma chain homodimers is needed. CD89 is expressed on granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and myeloid cell lines. Its expression is upregulated in presence of IgA immune complexes, stimulators (such as LPS, PMA), TNF alpha, IL1 beta or GM-CSF, and it is downregulated in presence of TGF beta and suramin. Binding of IgA-opsonized targets to CD89 leads to phagocytic and cytotoxic processes of the immunologic defense.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
Store at 2-8°C. Protect from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Immunogen:
Ag8.653 myeloma cells
Applications:
FC
Additional Info:
The mouse monoclonal antibody A59 recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD89, a 55-100 kDa glycoprotein serving as a receptor for IgA and expressed mainly on granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages.
Clone number:
A59
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1 k
Application Details:
Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 4 ?l reagent / 100 ?l of whole blood or 106 cells in a suspension. The content of a vial (0.4 ml) is sufficient for 100 tests.
CD89 (Fc-alpha-R) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein serving as a receptor for IgA. Soluble CD89 is detectable in serum and retains its IgA binding capacity. For signal transduction the association with FcR gamma chain homodimers is needed. CD89 is expressed on granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and myeloid cell lines. Its expression is upregulated in presence of IgA immune complexes, stimulators (such as LPS, PMA), TNF alpha, IL1 beta or GM-CSF, and it is downregulated in presence of TGF beta and suramin. Binding of IgA-opsonized targets to CD89 leads to phagocytic and cytotoxic processes of the immunologic defense.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
Store at 2-8°C. Protect from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Immunogen:
Ag8.653 myeloma cells
Applications:
FC
Additional Info:
The mouse monoclonal antibody A59 recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD89, a 55-100 kDa glycoprotein serving as a receptor for IgA and expressed mainly on granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages.
Clone number:
A59
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1 k
Application Details:
Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 10 ?l reagent / 100 ?l of whole blood or 106 cells in a suspension. The content of a vial (1 ml) is sufficient for 100 tests.
CD89 (Fc-alpha-R) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein serving as a receptor for IgA. Soluble CD89 is detectable in serum and retains its IgA binding capacity. For signal transduction the association with FcR gamma chain homodimers is needed. CD89 is expressed on granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and myeloid cell lines. Its expression is upregulated in presence of IgA immune complexes, stimulators (such as LPS, PMA), TNF alpha, IL1 beta or GM-CSF, and it is downregulated in presence of TGF beta and suramin. Binding of IgA-opsonized targets to CD89 leads to phagocytic and cytotoxic processes of the immunologic defense.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
Store at 2-8°C. Do not freeze.
Immunogen:
Ag8.653 myeloma cells
Applications:
FC
Additional Info:
The mouse monoclonal antibody A59 recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD89, a 55-100 kDa glycoprotein serving as a receptor for IgA and expressed mainly on granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages.
CD94, also known as KLRD1 (killer cell lectin-like receptor D1), is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the C-type lectin family, which forms disulfide-linked heterodimers with NKG2A, B, C, E, H proteins, constituting functionally distinct receptors of NK cells and related cell types. CD94/NKG2A and CD94/NKG2B heterodimers serve as inhibitory, whereas CD94/NKG2C and CD94/NKG2E as activating receptors. The ligand for CD94/NKG2 complexes has been identified as HLA-E. Extent of CD94 expression on NK cell surface can be used to demonstrate their progress through the differentiation process.
Product Type:
Antibodies Primary
Antibody Type:
monoclonal
Storage Temp:
Store at 2-8°C. Protect from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Immunogen:
Cultured human NK cells
Applications:
FC
Additional Info:
The mouse monoclonal antibody HP-3D9 recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD94, a 70 kDa type II transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on NK cells, NK-T cells, and subsets of CD8+ T cells and gamma/delta T cells.
Clone number:
HP-3D9
Antibody Isotype:
IgG1 k
Application Details:
Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 10 ?l reagent / 100 ?l of whole blood or 106 cells in a suspension. The content of a vial (1 ml) is sufficient for 100 tests.
Biosite Brand:
BioSite Flow
Conjugation:
APC
Species Reactivity:
human
EntrezGene ID:
3824
UniProt No:
Q13241
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