PsaA is a core protein of photosystem I. In plants and cyanobacteria, the primary step in oxygenic photosynthesis, the light induced charge separation, is driven bytwo large membrane intrinsic protein complexes, the photosystems I and II. Synonym: Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Immunogold localization has been done in leaf material of Arabidopsis thaliana.
Application Details:
1 : 20 (IG), 1 : 1000-1 : 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
82 | 55-60 kDa
Not reactive in:
Chromera velia
Selected references:
Ivanov et al. (2022) The decreased PG content of pgp1 inhibits PSI photochemistry and limits reaction center and light-harvesting polypeptide accumulation in response to cold acclimation. Planta 255, 36 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-022-03819-0Lim et al (2022). Arabidopsis guard cell chloroplasts import cytosolic ATP for starch turnover and stomatal opening. Nat Commun. 2022 Feb 3;13(1):652. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28263-2. PMID: 35115512; PMCID: PMC8814037.Lim et al (2022) Arabidopsis guard cell chloroplasts import cytosolic ATP for starch turnover and stomatal opening. Nat Commun. 2022 Feb 3;13(1):652. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28263-2. PMID: 35115512; PMCID: PMC8814037.Spaniol et al. (2022) Complexome profiling on the Chlamydomonas lpa2 mutant reveals insights into PSII biogenesis and new PSII associated proteins, Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 73, Issue 1, 5 January 2022, Pages 245–262Rogowski et al. (2021) Light as a substrate: migration of LHCII antennas in extended Michaelis-Menten model for PSI kinetics. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2021 Dec;225:112336. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112336. Epub 2021 Oct 19. PMID: 34736069.
Special application note:
PsaA is a hydrophobic protein and we recommend to use PVDF membrane for transfer to assure best results.This product can be sold containing ProClin if requested.
Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is the enzyme catalyzing the ascorbate-dependent reduction of hydrogen peroxide. Ascorbate (AA) plays a key role in defense against oxidative stress and is particularly abundant in fruits and photosynthetic tissues. AA is found in every compartment of the plant cell including the apoplast.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
B gue et al. (2019). CDC48 regulates ascorbate peroxidase in tobacco. J Exp Bot. 2019 Mar 1. pii: erz097. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erz097.Wang et al. (2018). Resistance protein Pit interacts with the GEF OsSPK1 to activate OsRac1 and trigger rice immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Nov 16. pii: 201813058. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1813058115. Bal žov et al. (2018). Zinc oxide nanoparticles phytotoxicity on halophyte from genus Salicornia. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2018 Sep;130:30-42. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.013.Adhikari et al. (2018). Sulfate improves cadmium tolerance by limiting cadmium accumulation, modulation of sulfur metabolism and antioxidant defense system in maize. Environmental and Experimental Botany Volume 153, September 2018, Pages 143-162.Ferrer et al. (2018). Differential Pb tolerance in metallicolous and non-metallicolous Zygophyllum fabago populations involves the strengthening of the antioxidative pathways. Environ & Exp Botany, Vo. 150, June 2018, Pages 141-151.Aroca et al. (2015). S-sulfhydration: a new post-translational modification in plant systems. Plant Physiology March 2015 pp.00009.2015.Terrile et al. (2014). Nitric oxide-mediated cell death is triggered by chitosan in F. eumartii spores. Pest Manag Sci. 2014 Apr 25. doi: 10.1002/ps.3814.Tsaniklidis et al. (2013). L-Ascorbic acid metabolism in parthenocarpic and seeded cherry tomatoes. Plant Growth Regul,DOI 10.1007/s10725-013-9845-0. (Solanum lycopersicum, immunolocalization)
Glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) is an important enzyme for plant protection against environmental stress. It functions in plant defense reactions in the conversion of glutathione disulphide to reduced glutathione (GSH).
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
This antibody will recognize the chloroplastic and cytoplasmic forms of the enzyme
Application Details:
2 g (IP), 1 : 1000 (IL), 1 : 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein G purified in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
54 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Bekturova et al. (2021) APS reductase and sulfite oxidase regulate sulfite-induced water loss in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot. 2021 Jun 9:erab249. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab249. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34107028.Zhong et al. (2020). Proteomic Analysis of Irradiation with Millimeter Waves on Soybean Growth under Flooding Conditions. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jan 12;21(2). pii: E486. doi: 10.3390/ijms21020486.Ameri et al. (2020). Aluminium triggers oxidative stress and antioxidant response in the microalgae Scenedesmus sp. J Plant Physiol. 2020 Jan 15;246-247:153114. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153114.Zhong et al. (2019). Phosphoproteomics Reveals the Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites in Catharanthus roseus under Ultraviolet-B Radiation. J Proteome Res. 2019 Aug 7. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00267.Bal žov et al. (2018). Zinc oxide nanoparticles phytotoxicity on halophyte from genus Salicornia. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2018 Sep;130:30-42. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.013.
Galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH) is the enzyme which catalyses last step of ascorbic acid (AA) synthesis in the mitochondria of plant cells. Alternative name: GaLDH
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Mitochondrial, membrane or meristematic fractions were shown to be richer in GLDH expression
Application Details:
1 : 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein G purified in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
68 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Chen et al. (2019). Composition of Mitochondrial Complex I during the Critical Node of Seed Aging in Oryza sativa. Journal of Plant Physiology Volume 236, May 2019, Pages 7-14.Schimmeyer et al. (2016). L-Galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase is an assembly factor of the membrane arm of mitochondrial complex I in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol Biol. 2016 Jan;90(1-2):117-26. doi: 10.1007/s11103-015-0400-4. Epub 2015 Oct 31.Ostaszewska-Bugajska et al. (2016). Changes in the OXPHOS system in leaf and root mitochondria of Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to long-term sulphur deficiency. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 38:141.Bartoli et al. (2005). Ascorbate content in wheat leaves is not determined by maximal L-galactono-1, 4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) activity under drought stress. Plant Cell Environ 28:1073-1081.
Glutathione synthetase (GSH-S) catalyses the last step of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. GSH is synthesized in two ATP-dependent steps: in the first, gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-EC) is synthesized from L-glutamate and cysteine, catalyzed by gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (g-ECS); in the second step, catalysed by GSH-S, glycine is added to the C-terminal end of gamma-EC. GSH is the predominant non-protein thiol in all nearly where it acts as an antioxidant in stress responses and as a mobile pool of reduced sulfur. It is also important in the regulation of plant growth and development
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Immunolocalization has been done for Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum
Application Details:
1 : 2000 (WB)
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein G purified in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
45 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Sun et a. (2019). Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism of the Hairy Roots of Brassica campestris L. in Response to Cadmium Stress. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Dec 26;21(1). pii: E180. doi: 10.3390/ijms21010180.Jayawardena et al. (2016). Elevated CO2 plus chronic warming reduces nitrogen uptake and levels or activities of nitrogen -uptake and -assimilatory proteins in tomato roots. Physiol Plant. 2016 Nov 28. doi: 10.1111/ppl.12532. [Epub ahead of print]Baojian et al. (2014). Maize (Zea mays L.) seedling leaf nuclear proteome and differentially expressed proteins between a hybrid and its parental lines. Proteomics, DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300147.Gomez et al. (2004) Intercellular distribution of glutathione synthesis in maize leaves and its response to short term chilling. Plant Physiol. 134: 1662-1671.
Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthase (gamma-ECS) (EC 6.3.2.2) catalyses the first step of glutathione (GSH) synthesis, producing gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-EC) from L-glutamate and cysteine. In the second step, catalyzed by GSH-S, glycine is added to the C-terminal end of (gamma-EC). GSH is the predominant non-protein thiol in all nearly where it acts as an antioxidant in stress responses and as a mobile pool of reduced sulfur. It is also important in the regulation of plant growth and development.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Antibodies has been used in immunolocalization on Arabidopsis thaliana.
Application Details:
1 : 5000 (IL), 1 : 5000 (WB)
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein G purified in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 µl of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
50 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Shull et al. (2019). Anatase TiO2 nanoparticles induce autophagy and chloroplast degradation in thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana). Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Jul 29. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01648.Bal žov et al. (2018). Zinc oxide nanoparticles phytotoxicity on halophyte from genus Salicornia. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2018 Sep;130:30-42. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.013.Sobrino-Plata et al. (2014). Glutathione is a key antioxidant metabolite to cope with mercury and cadmium stress. Plant Soil, DOI 10.1007/s11104-013-2006-4.Ghanta et al. (2011). Nicotiana tabacum overexpressing γ-ECS exhibits biotic stress tolerance likely through NPR1-dependent salicylic acid-mediated pathway. Planta 233(5):895-910.
In angioperms the 20 kDa protein FT (coded by the gene flowering locus T) promotes flowering under long-day conditions. It has been shown to contribute to flowering initiation upon its expression in leafs followed by transport to apical meristems.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa
Expected Species:
Betula luminifera, Brassica napus, Brassica oleracea, Brassica rapa, Eucalyptus sp., Hordeum vulgare, Jatropha curcas, Nicotiana tabacum, Persea americana var. americana, Populus tomentosa, Solanum tuberosum, Zea maysSpecies of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide derived fromA.thaliana FT protein sequence(Q9SXZ2, At1g65480); please note that this antibody will cross-react with the highly homologous TSF (twin sister of FT) protein
Note that detection for this product is limited by target threshold level
Application Details:
1 : 1000 (WB)
Purity:
Immunogen affinity purified serum in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
20 | 20 kDa (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Not reactive in:
Medicago truncatula, Pisum sativum
Selected references:
Nakamura et al. (2019). High-Resolution Crystal Structure of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T Illuminates Its Phospholipid-Binding Site in Flowering. iScience. 2019 Nov 22;21:577-586. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.045.Liang and Ow et al. (2019). Nucleocytoplasmic OXIDATIVE STRESS 2 can relocate FLOWERING LOCUS T. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Volume 517, Issue 4, 1 October 2019, Pages 735-740
Cytochrome c6 is known as a redox carrier of the thylakoid lumen of cyanobacteria and some eukaryotic algae that can substitute for plastocyanin in electron transfer.Cytochrome c6 is situated between the two membrane-bound complexes cytochrome b6f and photosystem I (PSI) in oxygenic photosynthesis.Cytochrome c6 (cyt c6) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is synthesized only under conditions of copper deficiency when plastocyanin cannot be synthesized.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Expected Species:
Chlorella vulgaris, Cladophora glomerata, Pediastrum duplexSpecies of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
GST fusion of recombinant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cytochrome c6 A8J9G6
Note: antibody will work better with nitrocellulose than with PVDF membrane, Recommended load per well min, 6 g, Primary antibody incubation needs to be done over night, For detection image please refer to the reference below
Kropat et al. (2015). Copper economy in Chlamydomonas: Prioritized allocation and reallocation of copper to respiration vs. photosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Feb 2. pii: 201422492.Merchant et al. (1998) Copper-Responsive Gene Expression in Photosynthetic Microorganisms. Methods in Enzymology 297:263-279.
Special application note:
Cellular [compartment marker] of thylakoid lumen for Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiThis product can be sold containing proclin if requested.
Plant NADH dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme is located in mitochondrial matrix. This enzyme is classified as an oxidoreductase and its function is to catalyze a reaction in the citric acid cycle, specifically the sequential dehydrogenation and decarboxylation of isocitrate to form a-ketoglutarate. It removes hydrogens from its substrate, isocitrate. In addition to this process, it functions as a decarboxylase, removing a CO2 from the six-carbon substrate to form a five-carbon product mentioned above as a-ketoglutarate. There are two forms of this enzyme NADP+ and NAD+ dependent.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Brachypodium distachyon, Brassica napus, Capsella rubella, Citrus sinensis, Glycine max, Hordeum vulgare, Malus x domestica, Medicago truncatula, Nicotiana tabacum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Theobroma cacao, Triticum aestivum, Vitis vinifera, Zea mays Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated peptide 1 and peptide 2 conserved in all higher plants mitochondrial, NAD dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase subunits including Arabidopsis thaliana IDH-I Q8LFC0, At4g35260 and IDH-II P93032, At2g17130
Cellular [compartment marker] of mitochondrial matrix
Application Details:
1:400 (IF), 1 : 5 000 (WB)
Purity:
Immunogen affinity purified serum in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
39 | 45 kDa (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Not reactive in:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Selected references:
Kolodziejczak et al. (2018). m-AAA Complexes Are Not Crucial for the Survival of Arabidopsis Under Optimal Growth Conditions Despite Their Importance for Mitochondrial Translation. Plant Cell Physiol. 2018 May 1;59(5):1006-1016. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcy041.Rurek et al. (2018). Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Diverse Cauliflower Cultivars under Mild and Severe Drought Involves Impaired Coordination of Transcriptomic and Proteomic Response and Regulation of Various Multifunctional Proteins. Preprints 2018, 2018010276 (doi: 10.20944/preprints201801.0276.v1).Fujii et al. (2016). The Restorer-of-fertility-like 2 pentatricopeptide repeat protein and RNase P are required for the processing of mitochondrial orf291 RNA in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 2016 Jun;86(6):504-13. doi: 10.1111/tpj.13185.Yin et al. (2016). Comprehensive Mitochondrial Metabolic Shift during the Critical Node of Seed Ageing in Rice. PLoS One. 2016 Apr 28;11(4):e0148013. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148013. eCollection 2016.Rurek et al. (2015). Biogenesis of mitochondria in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) curds subjected to temperature stress and recovery involves regulation of the complexome, respiratory chain activity, organellar translation and ultrastructure. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 Jan 21. pii: S0005-2728(15)00016-X. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.01.005.
Special application note:
Peptide used to elicit this antibody is not conserved in NADPH dependent anzymes, partially conserved across eukaryotic Idh subunits, Some conservation across bacterial which contain the NAD-dependent form of Idh (as opposed to the NADP-dependent form)
One of the several classes of mitochondrial proteases is membrane bound, ATPdependent FtsH protease. Their function is very important for the control of protein quality and quantity by degradation of unassembled subunits. Other names: AtFtsH3, cell division protease ftsH homolog 3, mitochondrial, AtFtsH10, cell division protease ftsH homolog 10, mitochondrial
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana
Expected Species:
Arabidopsis thaliana
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated peptide dereived from sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana FtsH3 and FtsH10 with localization to mitochondria Q84WU8, At2g29080 and Q8VZI8, At1g07510
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Kolodziejczak et al. (2018). m-AAA Complexes Are Not Crucial for the Survival of Arabidopsis Under Optimal Growth Conditions Despite Their Importance for Mitochondrial Translation. Plant Cell Physiol. 2018 May 1;59(5):1006-1016. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcy041.Piechota et al. (2010). Identification and characetization of high-molecular-weight complexes fromed by m-AAA proteases and prohibitins in mitochondria of Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem. 2010 Apr 23;285(17):12512-21. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.063644.
Special application note:
Blue-native (2D BN/SDS-PAGE) methodology is described in Piechota et al. 2010
One of the several classes of mitochondrial proteases is membrane bound, ATPdependent FtsH protease. Their function is very important for the control of protein quality and quantity by degradation of unassembled subunits. Synonyme: cell division protease ftsH homolog 4, mitochondrial
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis
Expected Species:
Brassica sp. Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated peptide derived from sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana FtsH4 UniProt: O80983, TAIR: At2g26140
Opalińska et al. (2017). Identification of Physiological Substrates and Binding Partners of the Plant Mitochondrial Protease FTSH4 by the Trapping Approach. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Nov 18;18(11). pii: E2455. doi: 10.3390/ijms18112455.Dolzblasz et al. (2016). The mitochondrial protease AtFTSH4 safeguards Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem function. Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 20;6:28315. doi: 10.1038/srep28315.Rurek et al. (2015). Biogenesis of mitochondria in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) curds subjected to temperature stress and recovery involves regulation of the complexome, respiratory chain activity, organellar translation and ultrastructure. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 Jan 21. pii: S0005-2728(15)00016-X. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.01.005.Zhang et al. (2014). Perturbation of auxin homeostasis caused by mitochondrial FtSH4 gene-mediated peroxidase accumulation regulates Arabidopsis architechture. Mol Plant. 2014 Jan 30.Kwasniak et al. (2013). Silencing of the Nuclear RPS10 Gene Encoding Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein Alters Translation in Arabidiopsis Mitochondria. Plant Cell, May 30.
Dehydrins are stress proteins involved in formation of plant protective reactions against dehydration. They are normally synthesized in maturating seeds during their dessication, as well as in vegetative tissues of plants treated with abscisic acid or exposed to environmental stress factors that result in cellular dehydration.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Arabidopsis thaliana, Glycine max, Nicotiana tabacum, Pisum sativum, Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa, Populus sp., Zea maysSpecies of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated peptide sequence TGEKKGIMDKIKEKLPGQH of K-segment conserved in a wide range of plant species
According to Borovskii et al. 2019, dehydrin detection level can be increased by obtaining a thermostable fraction.
Application Details:
1 : 1000 (WB)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 200 l of sterile, deionized water
Molecular Weight:
9-200 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
V t mv s et al. (2021) Relationship between WCS120 Protein Family Accumulation and Frost Tolerance in Wheat Cultivars Grown under Different Temperature Treatments. Plants (Basel). 2021 May 31;10(6):1114. doi: 10.3390/plants10061114. PMID: 34073120; PMCID: PMC8228299.Kartashov et al. (2021) Quantitative analysis of differential dehydrin regulation in pine and spruce seedlings under water deficit. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2021 Mar 3;162:237-246. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.040. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33706184.Vazquez-Hernandez et al. (2020). Functional characterization of VviDHN2 and VviDHN4 dehydrin isoforms from Vitis vinifera (L.): An in silico and in vitro approach. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2021 Jan;158:146-157. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.003. Epub 2020 Dec 4. PMID: 33310482.Rachenko and Rachenko (2020). The variation of the content of dehydrin proteins in the bark of Malus app. trees differing in winter hardinessin Southern Cisbaikalia conditions . Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, vol. 107, No. 2 (2020), p. 185–190 DOI 10.13080/z-a.2020.107.024.Lv et al. (2018). Characterization of Dehydrin protein, CdDHN4-L and CdDHN4-S, and their differential protective roles against abiotic stress in vitro. BMC Plant Biol. 2018 Nov 26;18(1):299. doi: 10.1186/s12870-018-1511-2.
Dehydrins are stress proteins involved in formation of plant protective reactions against dehydration. They are normally synthesized in maturating seeds during their dessication, as well as in vegetative tissues of plants treated with abscisic acid or exposed to environmental stress factors that result in cellular dehydration.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Host Animal:
Rabbit
Species Reactivity:
Brassica oleracea, Cucumis sativus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Pinus sylvestris, Pistacia vera
Expected Species:
Glycine max, Hordeum vulgare, Nicotiana tabacum, Oryza sativa, Pisum sativum, Populus sp., Zea mays Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
KLH-conjugated peptide sequence TGEKKGIMDKIKEKLPGQH of K-segment conserved in a wide range of plant species
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile, deionized water
Molecular Weight:
9-200 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
ZamaniBahramabadi et al. (2019). Dehydrin Content in Fresh and Desiccated Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Seeds. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science, pp 1–7.Szegő et al. (2019). Diverse responsiveness of dehydrin genes to abscisic acid and water stress treatments in cucumber F1 cultivar hybrids. The J of Horticult Science and Biotechnology. June 2019. Go i et al. (2018). Ascophyllum nodosum extract biostimulants and their role in enhancing tolerance to drought stress in tomato plants. Plant Physiol Biochem. 2018 May;126:63-73. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.02.024.
Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, are induced in response to the infection of plants with microbial pathogens. Combinations of glucanase I and chitinase I are potent inhibitors of fungal growth in vitro however precise mechanism of that is still not known. Glucanase I (PR-2) and chitinase I (PR-3) contribute to defense against fungal infection and are currently used as markers for innate immunity, and in particular the ethylene/jasmonate signalling pathway in pathogenesis.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Arabidopsis thaliana, Manihot esculenta, Zea maysSpecies of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
Purified tobacco class I chitinase. The preparation used is a mixture of two class I isoforms (Shinshi et al., 1990; van Buuren et al., 1992): 1) Chitinase A (CHN A) P08252 encoded by gene chn48 derived from the N. tomentosiformis ancestor of tobacco. 2) Chitinase B (CHN B) P24091 encoded by gene chn50 derived from the N. sylvestris ancestor of tobacco.
Applications:
Co-Immunoprecipitation (IP) (Co-IP), Immunolocalization (IL), Western blot (WB)
Important note: For blocking 5 % skim milk in PBS without Ca++ should be used,This antibody is purified by affinity chromarography on Portein G
Application Details:
8 g/ml (WB)
Purity:
Total IgG. Protein G purified in PBS pH 7.4.
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
35, 34 | 32 and 34 kDa
Not reactive in:
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Mansilla et al. (2020).- Characterization of functionalized bentonite as nanocarrier of salicylic acid with protective action against Pseudomonas syringae in tomato plants. Eur J Plant Pathol 158, 211?222 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02067-wColman et al. (2019). Chitosan microparticles improve tomato seedling biomass and modulate hormonal, redox and defense pathways. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Volume 143, October 2019, Pages 203-211. Kumari et al. (2017), Overexpression of a Plasma Membrane Bound Na+/H+ Antiporter-Like Protein (SbNHXLP) Confers Salt Tolerance and Improves Fruit Yield in Tomato by Maintaining Ion Homeostasis. Front Plant Sci. 2017 Jan 6;7:2027. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02027.Jespersen et al. (2017). Metabolic Effects of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl for Improving Heat or Drought Stress in Creeping Bentgrass. Front Plant Sci. 2017 Jul 11;8:1224. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01224. eCollection 2017. (western blot, Agostis stolonifera cv. ?Penncross?)Ko et al. (2016). Constitutive expression of a fungus-inducible carboxylesterase improves disease resistance in transgenic pepper plants. Planta. 2016 Aug; 244(2):379-92. doi: 10.1007/s00425-016-2514-6. Epub 2016 Apr 13.
Special application note:
Antibody is recognizing closely related tobacco class I isoforms: endochitinase A CHN-A (ca. 34 kDa) and endochitinase B CHN-B (ca. 32 kDa)This antibody can be used as a marker of vacuolar contents Keefe et al. (1990). The effect of ethylene on the cell-type-specific and intracellular localization of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase in tobacco leave. Plant 182: 43-51.
Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, are induced in response to the infection of plants with microbial pathogens. Combinations of glucanase I and chitinase I are potent inhibitors of fungal growth in vitro however precise mechanism of that is still not known. Glucanase I and chitinase I contribute to defense against fungal infection and are currently used as markers for innate immunity, and in particular the ethylene/jasmonate signalling pathway in pathogenesis. Alternative names of the protein: basic beta-1,3-glucanase
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Dicots, Oryza sativa, Prunus persicaSpecies of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
Purified tobacco class I, basic -1,3-glucanase. Purified GLU I consists of a mixture of closely related polypeptides encoded by a family of GLU I genes comprising GLA B5APL3 derived from the sylvestris ancestor of tobacco, GLB P27666 derived from the tomentosiformis ancestor of tobacco and homeologous recombinants (Sperisen et al., 1991). Mature GLU I is processed from a pre-pro-polypeptide (Shinshi et al., 1988).
Important note: for blocking 5 % skim milk in PBS without Ca++ should be used.This antibody is purified by affinity chromarography on Portein G.
Application Details:
8 g/ml (WB)
Purity:
Total IgG in PBS pH 7.4. (without Ca++).
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 100 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
37 | 33 kDa
Not reactive in:
Arabidopsis thaliana
Selected references:
Li et al. (2021) Penicillium chrysogenum polypeptide extract protects Nicotiana benthamiana against TMV infection through modulation of ABA biosynthesis and callose priming. J Exp Bot. 2021 Mar 4:erab102. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab102. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33687058. (Immunolocalization)Colman et al. (2019). Chitosan microparticles improve tomato seedling biomass and modulate hormonal, redox and defense pathways. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. Volume 143, October 2019, Pages 203-211. Martin-Saladana et al. (2018). Salicylic acid loaded chitosan microparticles applied to lettuce seedlings: Recycling shrimp fishing industry waste. Carbohydrate Polymers Volume 200, 15 November 2018, Pages 321-331.Wang et al. (2014). Elicitation of Hypersensitive Responses in Nicotiana glutinosa by the Suppressor of RNA Silencing Protein P0 from Poleroviruses. Mol Plant Pathol. 2014 Sep 4. doi: 10.1111/mpp.12201.Huey-wen et al. (2014). Harpin Protein, an Elicitor of Disease Resistance, Acts as a Growth Promoter in Phalaenopsis Orchids. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation May 2014.
Special application note:
For more details on immunolocalization, please referr to Keefe et al (1990). Plant 182: 43-51.This antibody can be used as a marker of vacuolar contents Keefe et al. (1990). The effect of ethylene on the cell-type-specific and intracellular localization of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase in tobacco leave. Plant 182: 43-51.
VDAC proteins are porin-type, beta-barrel diffusion pores. Prominently localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane and involved in metabolite exchange.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Amount of mitochondrial fraction detected by anti-VDAC1 antibody was from 2-10 g.Immunolocalization method description and images are available hereBlue-native (2D BN/SDS-PAGE) methodology is described in Piechota et al. 2010
Belykh et al. (2022) Responses of genes of DNA repair, alternative oxidase, and pro-/antioxidant state in Arabidopsis thaliana with altered expression of AOX1a to gamma irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol. 2022;98(1):60-68. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2022.1998712. Epub 2021 Nov 11. PMID: 34714725.Li et al. (2021) Isolation and comparative proteomic analysis of mitochondria from the pulp of ripening citrus fruit. Hortic Res. 2021 Feb 1;8(1):31. doi: 10.1038/s41438-021-00470-w. PMID: 33518707; PMCID: PMC7848011.Tarasenko et al. (2020). Plant mitochondrial subfractions have different ability to import DNA. Theor. Exp. Plant Physiol. doi.org/10.1007/s40626-020-00167-wGarmash et al. (2020). Altered levels of AOX1a expression result in changes in metabolic pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana plants acclimated to low dose rates of ultraviolet B radiation. Plant Sci. 2020 Feb;291:110332. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110332.Bai et al. (2019). Overexpression of soybean GmPLD? enhances seed oil content and modulates fatty acid composition in transgenic Arabidopsis. Plant Science Volume 290, January 2020, 110298.
Special application note:
Cellular [compartment marker] of mitochondrial outer membrane for western blot,
VDAC proteins are porin-type, beta-barrel diffusion pores. Prominently localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane and involved in metabolite exchange.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4°Cfor 12-18 months. A preservative may be added for long time storage up to 2 years.
Amount of mitochondrial fraction detected by anti-VDAC1 antibody was from 2-10 g.Immunolocalization method description and images are available hereBlue-native (2D BN/SDS-PAGE) methodology is described in Piechota et al. 2010
Application Details:
1 : 500 (IL), 1 : 5000, 2-30 g protein/lane (WB)
Purity:
Immunogen affinity purified serum in PBS pH 7.4, conjugated to ALP.
VDAC proteins are porin-type, beta-barrel diffusion pores. Prominently localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane and involved in metabolite exchange.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4°Cfor 12-18 months. A preservative may be added for long time storage up to 2 years.
Amount of mitochondrial fraction detected by anti-VDAC1 antibody was from 2-10 g.Immunolocalization method description and images are available hereBlue-native (2D BN/SDS-PAGE) methodology is described in Piechota et al. 2010
Application Details:
1 : 500 (IL), 1 : 2000, 2-30 g protein/lane (WB)
Purity:
Immunogen affinity purified serum in PBS pH 7.4, conjugated to biotin.
VDAC proteins are porin-type, beta-barrel diffusion pores, Prominently localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane and involved in metabolite exchange,
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4°C for 12-18 months. A preservative may be added for long time storage up to 2 years. Store in provided dark tube and avoid direct light exposure. Shortly spin the tube before use.
To be added when available. Antibody released in May 2023.
Special application note:
Cellular [compartment marker] of mitochondrial outer membrane.DyLight 488 Amax = 493 nm, Emax = 519 nm. DyLight is a registered trademark of Thermofisher Inc., and its subsidiaries.
VDAC proteins are porin-type, beta-barrel diffusion pores, Prominently localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane and involved in metabolite exchange.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid in PBS pH 7,4.
Storage Temp:
Store at 4°C for 12-18 months. A preservative may be added for long time storage up to 2 years. Store in provided dark tube and avoid direct light exposure. Shortly spin the tube before use.
To be added when available. Antibody released in May 2023.
Special application note:
Cellular [compartment marker] of mitochondrial outer membrane.DyLight 594 has Amax = 593 nm, Emax = 618 nm. DyLight is a registered trademark of Thermofisher Inc., and its subsidiaries.
VDAC proteins are porin-type, beta-barrel diffusion pores, Prominently localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane and involved in metabolite exchange.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid in PBS pH 7,4.
Storage Temp:
Store at 4°C for 12-18 months. A preservative may be added for long time storage up to 2 years. Store in provided dark tube and avoid direct light exposure. Shortly spin the tube before use.
To be added when available. Antibody released in May 2023.
Special application note:
Cellular [compartment marker] of mitochondrial outer membrane.DyLight 650 has Amax = 652 nm, Emax = 672 nm. DyLight is a registered trademark of Thermofisher Inc., and its subsidiaries.
VDAC proteins are porin-type, beta-barrel diffusion pores. Prominently localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane and involved in metabolite exchange.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Liquid
Storage Temp:
Store at 4°Cfor 12-18 months. A preservative may be added for long time storage up to 2 years.
Amount of mitochondrial fraction detected by anti-VDAC1 antibody was from 2-10 g.Immunolocalization method description and images are available hereBlue-native (2D BN/SDS-PAGE) methodology is described in Piechota et al. 2010
Application Details:
1 : 500 (IL), 1 : 5000, 2-30 g protein/lane (WB)
Purity:
Immunogen affinity purified serum in PBS pH 7.4, conjugated to HRP.
Plant vacuole V-ATPase is responsible for energization of transport of ions and metabolites, and acts as well 'house-keeping' and as a stress response enzyme. V-ATPase is a multi-subunit enzyme composed of a membrane sector and a cytosolic catalytic sector. It is related to the FoF1 ATP synthase. Alternative protein names: Vacuolar proton pump subunit E, Protein EMBRYO DEFECTIVE 2448
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide chosen from subunit E of plant V-ATPase including Arabidopsis thaliana UniProt: Q39258-1, TAIR: At4g11150. Peptide is conserved in vacuolar H+-ATPase subunit E, isoform 1 to 3 (VHA-E1).
Applications:
Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot (WB)
V-ATPase is very sensitive for the redox of the SDS buffer. We recommend using at least 50-100 mM DTT freshly prepared before handling the sample.Immunostaining protocol using V-ATPase antibodies can be found here.
Rubisco (Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of CO2 fixation in photosynthetic organisms. It is demonstrably homologous from purple bacteria to flowering plants and consists of two protein subunits, each present in 8 copies. In plants and green algae, the large subunit (~55 kDa) is coded by the chloroplast rbcL gene, and the small subunit (15 kDa) is coded by a family of nuclear rbcS genes.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
RbcS subunit is not detected by this antibodyThis product can be sold containing proclin if requested
Application Details:
1 : 10 000-1 : 20 000 on 0,5-10 ug total cellular protein/lane and standard (WB), 1 : 500-1:1000 (IL)
Purity:
Serum
Reconstitution:
For reconstitution add 50 l of sterile water
Molecular Weight:
53-55 | 53-55 kDa
Not reactive in:
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (immulolocalization)
Selected references:
Mihara et al. (2019). Thioredoxin targets are regulated in heterocysts of cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 in a light-independent manner. J Exp Bot. 2019 Dec 21. pii: erz561. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erz561.Sedaghatmehr et al. (2019). A regulatory role of autophagy for resetting the memory of heat stress in plants. Plant Cell Environ. 2019 Mar;42(3):1054-1064. doi: 10.1111/pce.13426.Rohnke et al. (2018). RcaE-Dependent Regulation of Carboxysome Structural Proteins Has a Central Role in Environmental Determination of Carboxysome Morphology and Abundance in Fremyella diplosiphon. Mol Biol and Physiol. Vol. 3, Issue 1. DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00617-17Zhang et al. (2017). Composition of photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic characteristics in green and yellow sectors of the variegated Aucuba japonica ‘Variegata’ leaves. Flora, Vol 240, March 2018, Pages 25–33.Wang et al. (2017). Re-creation of a Key Step in the Evolutionary Switch from C3 to C4 Leaf Anatomy. Curr Biol. 2017 Nov 6;27(21):3278-3287.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.040.Wen and Zhang (2014). Salsola laricifolia, another C 3 –C 4 intermediate species in tribe Salsoleae s.l. (Chenopodiaceae). Photosynth Res. 2014 Sep 17. (immunolocalization)Feifei et al. (2014). Comparison of Leaf Proteomes of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Cultivar NZ199 Diploid and Autotetraploid Genotypes. PLoS One. 2014 Apr 11;9(4):e85991. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085991. eCollection 2014.
Copper is an essential element for function of chloroplasts. It is a co-factor for superoxide dismutase (SOD) and for plastocyanin. Copper is transported to chloroplasts with a help of Copper Chaperones, which carry out the delivery of copper from transporters to targets. In the last step chaperone binds to a copper dependent enzyme and inserts the copper ions into its active site. The Arabidopsis thaliana gene AtCCS encodes a copper chaperone for SOD. The AtCCS protein was localized to chloroplasts where it may supply copper to the stromal Cu/ZnSOD.
Product Type:
Antibody
Antibody Type:
Polyclonal
Format:
Lyophilized
Storage Temp:
Store lyophilized/reconstituted at -20 °C; once reconstituted make aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Please remember to spin the tubes briefly prior to opening them to avoid any losses that might occur from material adhering to the cap or sides of the tube.
Glycne max, Hordeum vulgare, Solanum tuberosum Species of your interest not listed? Contact us
Immunogen:
The antibody was raised to the Arabidopsis thaliana full length CCs protein Q4ZJI5, fused to His-tag. Overexpressed using pET28a vector in Bl21 E. coli (Cd+) and purified using His-column. After purification, the His tag was cleaved using thrombin and then theprotein was purified using Resource-Q column connected to HPLC.
No confirmed exceptions from predicted reactivity are currently known
Selected references:
Speth et al. (2013). RACK1 scaffold proteins influence miRNA abundance in Arabidopsis. Plant J. Aug 13.Abdel-Ghany et al (2005). .AtCCS is a functional homolog of the yeast copper chaperone Ccs1/Lys7. FEBS Lett. 11:2307-12.
UniProt number:
Q4ZJI5
TAIR number:
AT1G12520
Research area:
Arabidopsis thaliana antibodies
Code:
Stress20
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